Perpendicular x x x x x x

Normal
Paralel x x x x
AA
Broken Perpendicular x x x x x x
Wire Paralel x x x x x x x
BB Perpendicular x x x x x x x x
Normal
CC Paralel x x x x x
DD Broken Perpendicular x x x x x x x
DrD Wire Paralel x x x x x x x x x x

8 DESIGN OF TOWER
a) The Construction each tower will be as shown on drawings, which will be used a general
drawing for reference only.
b) The design stress of individual component member will be the largest of maximum stresses
in the respective loading conditions.
c) The safety factors will be not less than 1.50 against normal loading conditions and 1.10
against broken wire conditions. Furthermore, the horizontal angles will be designed to
support the weight of the man with his equipment (120 kg) applied in the middle of the bar
with a safety factor of 1.2 on the yield point.
d) The ultimate design stress, oblained from working stress multiplied by the factor of safety.
In tension member shall not exceed the yield point of material. The ultimate design stress
obtained from working stress multiplied by the factor of safety, in compression member shall
not exceed a figure obtained from an approved formula to be entered based on
the yield point of material.
e) The contractor shall establish any limiting pick-up angles and shall indicate appropriate
points on the power for the attachment of slings to permit the lifting of a completely ground
assembled tower into position upon its foundations.
f) The contractor shall show on thre detail drawing the dimensions required for setting
foundations in the filed. Dimension shall be given in meters.
g) Limiting requirements.
The maximum alenderness ratio (L/r) shall not exceed the following:
- Tower legs, main compression members in cross arm and ground wire peaks 120
- All other compression members carrying calculated stress 200
- Secondary compression member 250
- Tension member 400
h) Severest condition for design.
- Maximum mean wind velocity 25 msec
- lowest temperature 10 C
i) For wind loading conditions the following shall be applied.
- For steel tower 120 kg/m2
- For conductor 40 kg/m2
- For insulator 60 kg/m2

j) No member of a tower shall be less than 6 mm in thickness and 55 mm in width of flange

for leg member and main member of cross arm, and 5 mm and 50 mm for bracing.

9 CONSTRUCTION
The towers shall be of approved design and construction. Unless otherwise approved, tension
members, such as crossarm ties, which are liable to be set in vibration, shall consist of rolled steel
sections and not flats.
All towers shall be of self-supporting construction.
The material used for the tower membersshall be as specified in clause of Design of Tower.
No bolt hole shall be more than 1,5 mm larger than the corresponding bolt diameter. As far as
possible, bolts heads, rather than nuts, shall be on the outher or upper faces of tower joints.
All members of the tower shall be connected by bolts. Connection of members shall be designed to avoid
eccencricity as much as possible.

The design shall be such as to keep the number of different parts as small as possible and to
afacilitate transport, erection and inspection. Fockets and depression likely to hold water hall be
avoided and, if not avoidable, shall be property drained.
Steel work below ground and not protected by a minimum of 75 mm of concrete shall be designed
with sacrificial corrosion allowance of 1 mm.
The heles necessary for accommodating the specified earthing counterpoise connections shall
Be provided on each leg of every tower and extension.
The ultimate design stress in tensite members shall not exceed the elastic limit strength of the material.
The ultimate stress in the compression member shall not exceed a figure obtained from a approved
formula to be entered in the schedule based on the elastic limit strength.
The cross arm tips of tension tower shall be so arranged that two holes for the attachment of conductor erection
and maintenance tackle are provided adjacent to each hole for tension set shackles. It shall be possible to aplly
full conductor tension safety to either additional attachment point.
At location with stecply sloping ground, one or more of the tower legs is to be extended or reduced in
lattice steel framework, in convenient intervals (maximum 1,5 intervals), in approved manner to
give minimum interference with standard body design.
Tower bodies shall be provided with horizontal diaphragm bracing of the tower stability or to old the tower
square during erection.

10 MATERIAL
Material for steel tower shall be of the type and grade most suitable for the application intended and shall
conform to the latest application standard, specifications and recommended practices of the industry. The
quality of the steel to be used for the fabrication of the tower shall at least correspond to St 52, standard DIN
17100 or such other standard as may be approved. The steel to be used shall be of a quality that will not have its
physical properties changed or become embitterment by hot dip galvanizing.
All material shall be tested at the steel mill in accordance with applicable specification and standard under
which they are manufactured, the contractor shall apply all certified mill test. Test shall conducted in accordance
with DIN regulations or its equivalent. The test to be conducted shall include, but are not limited to, uniformity
of galvanizing coating, mechanical and chemical properties of all steel and additional embattlement test on hight
strenght steel.
Hightensile steel, when stores in the fabrication stockyard prior to fabrication and galvanizing, sahall be marked
continuously throughout its lenght with a light blue water paint line. In addition the grade number of the steel
shall be painted on and ringed round with paint.
Thomas process steel will not be acceptable.

11 WORKMANSHIP
All member shall be out to jig and all holes shall be drilled orpunched to jig. All parts shall be carefully cut and
holes accurately located so that when the member are in position the holes will be truly opposite to each other
before being bolted up. Drifting of hoes will not allowed.
The drilling, puching, culting and bending of all fabricated steel work shall besuch ad to prevent any possibility
of irregularity occurring which might introduce difficulty in the erection of the towers on the site.
All bends in high tensile steel shall be formed hot. All bends made by cutting and welding shall be to approval.
Approved steel gauges of the stud type shall be provided to enable the PLN to carry out such checking of
member as be defective or strained in any way.
In other to check the workmanship not less than 1 per cent of the member corresponding to each type of tower
shall be selected at random and assembled to from complete towers in the presence of the PLN at the
manufactures works.
If the tower are fabricated or galvanized by sub-contractors, the contractor shall, if requered by the PLN,
provide a resident inspector at the works of each sub-contractors during time that the bulk of the steel work is
being fabricated or galvanized. All cost associated with this inspection shall be included in the contract price.

12 ERECTION MARKS
Before leaving the manufacturs work all tower member shall be stamped or marked in approved positions with
distinguishing number and /or letters corresponding to distingusiting number and /or letters an approved
drawings or material list to be submitted by the contractor.
The erection mark shall be stamped before galvanizing or painting. Care shall be taken to distinguishing
between various gardes of stell.

13 BOLTS AND NUTS

All metal part shall be secured by means of bolts and nuts and single washere. The minimum diameter shall 16
mm. All bolt and nuts shall comply with BS 4190 or other equivalent standart and screw threads shall be
material standart. Bolts and nuts shall be of stell, with hexagonal heads.
The nuts of all bolts for attaching to the tower, plates, brackets or angles supporting insulator sets or each
conductor fitting shall be locked by means of lock nuts.
Screw threads shall out form part of the shearing plane between members. Bolts of any givens diameter shall be
of one grade of steel and marked for identification.
All bolts and screwed rods shall be galvanized, which shall be ofled.
When in position all bolts or screwed rods shall project through the corresponding nuts, but projection shall not
exceed 10 mm.

14 GALVANIZING
a) General
Except where specified to the contrary, all iron and steel used in the construction of the contract works
shall be galvanized after all sawing, drilling, punching, filling, bending and machining are completed.
Galvanizied of all material, expert core wires of line conductor and earlt wire shall be in accordance with
BS 729 or other equivalent national standart shall be applied by the hot dip process end shall consist of
suitable thickness of zinc coating of not less than 500 gm of a zinc per aquare meter of surface. Galvanized
of steel core wires of line conductor and earlt wire shall be in accordance with BS 443 or other equivalent
national standart and shall be smooth, clean, of uniform thickness and free from defects.
If any galvanized part is found to be inperfect, such part must be replaced. The whole of the expense
involved in the replacement of the imperfect part shall be borne by the contractor.
If, in the opinion of the tower, the extent of damage found on site to a galvanized part appear capable of
repair, the contractor may, after receiving such agreement, attempt to effect repair by approved methods.
The agreement to attempt repair shall not bind the owner to accept the repaired part when such is offered
for re inspection.

b) White Rust
In order to avoid the formation of white rust on the galvanized surface of iron and steel articles, the
galvanized surface shall be treated with chromate process or other approved processed.
In the event that galvanized surface are found to be subject to the formation of white rust in transit or
storage on site, the owner shall either:
 i. Approve a method of scrubbing and protective painting on the site or
ii. Order to replace with new materials.
Either of the above measures shall not cause extra charge not extention or time for comletion.

15 DANGER PLATE AND NUMBER PLATE

Two danger plates shall be provided and fixed on each tower on front and back faces of the tower, each on the
left side of tower legs facing to the tower. The details of danger plate are shown in the drawing. Two number
plates shall be provided and fixed on each tower. The detail of tower plate is shown in the drawing. Phasa
indication of approved types colored red, yellow and black to indicated the line phases. Prices are to be entered
in the price schedule for the supply of danger plate and number plates, complete with fixing bolts and nuts and
plate bars, if any.
All plates shall be of anti corrosive materials. If enameled iron plates is used, the whole surface of each plate
including the back and edge shall be property covered and resistant to corrotion. On all plates the colors shall be
permanent and free from fading. Bolts and nuts for fixing danger or number plates shall 12 mm 1/2 inch in
diameter. Thickness of all plates shell is 1.6 mm.

16 CLIMBING STEPS
Each leg shell be fitted with an anti climbing device installed at the lowet of the first tie beam and at a height
no more than 5 mm above the ground. On each single circuit tower one legs will be provided with step bolt and
two diagonally opposite legs foe double circuit tower with diameter of at least 16 mm and assembled with 2 nuts
starting immediately above the anti climbing device with nuts and continuing up to the earth wire. Hotes for
removable step bolts below the anti climbing device, will be provided on the leg to which the permanent step
bolts are filted.
The length of the step bolts should not be less than 120 mm. Their spacing will be about 0,4 m. Step bolt and
holes will be also provided on one leg of all tower body extension. As a measure against vandals, threads of all
bolts bellow the anti climbing guards shall be jagged.

17 TOWER EARTHING
Steel support need not be fitted with a separate earth bond and earthing continuity will therefore depend up one
surface contact of bolted members. At suspension and tension earth wire are to be made efectrically continues
by jumpers or other approved means, and are to be bonded to the tower.
All structure shall be earthed by means of earthing angles and or countepoise earthing.
Holes of 14 milimeters in diameter for connection earthing device shall be provided with each leg and cleat
number.
Price are to be entered in the price schdule for the supply of a set or earthing angles consisting of for pieces of
galvanized steel angle having a cross section of 50 mm x 50 copper lead wire of 38 mm2 and 2,000 mm in
length, complete with bolts and nuts of 16 mm in diameter.

18 SHOP ASSEMBLY AND TOWER TEST

a) Shop assembly test
One tower of each type including every combination of body extensions shall be assembled to make sure a
correct fitness of part, adequante bolt and proper-filed erection.
Shop assemled parts will be dismantled for shipment. The contractor shall notify the PLN at least thirty
(30) day in advance, in order that his representative may visit contractors facilities and witness to shop
assembly test of each tower type before proceeding of fabrication.
b) Tower test
The loading test shall be carried out on one (1) scale tower of Aa+9 in accordance with IEC publication
652 or equivalent. The prototype tower to be tested shall comply in all respects with the specification
except for galvanizing which will not be carried out on the prototype tower, and shall be fabricated by the
method equivalent to that for the producion run tower. The test request to conduct further test or
substitute certain test. For the final 100% loading step, The loading shall be maintained for five (5) minutes
without any collapse. In addition to the loading test, destruction test on the same tower shall be carried out.
 Upon satisfactory completion of the loading test, eight (8) members chosen at random from the tested
tower shall be under taken physical test at an approved testing laboratory to establish the yield points.
If any condition is not statisfied, the loading test shall be declared invalid and the prototype shall be
rejected.
Acceptance of the design and tower test shall only be taken as complate when the desing drawing and
loading test report submitted by the contractor has been approved.
After completion of testing, the tested tower shall become the property of the contractor. Not test tower not
any part there of shall be shipped to the site or used in the construction for the project.

19 INSPECTION
Work and material covered by these specification shall be subject to inspection by the PLN. The contractor shall
furnish facilities and equipment for inspection and testing of materials and maintain good quality of
workmanship at the works where the materials are being manufactured. The contractor shall notify in advance
the date of test and inspection at work to make arrangement for the presence of PLNS representative.

20 LOW LEVEL GANTRIES

a) General
This section cover the specification for the design and fabrication of low level gantries to be
Erected under any crossing of the existing line. Outline drawings and design specication of the gantries
are on the drawing No.......
The gantries to be designed and manufacture are of the selt-supporting lattice steel type and all steel
work including nuts and bolts sahll be gaivanized. Unless otherwise stated in this Technical
specification, low level Gantries will have tocomply in all aspects with the requiment s of technical
Specification of tower.
b) Fabrication of Gantries
Steel sections
All steel sectiojn, flat plate, bolt and nut bar shall unless otherwise approved, compy with the
requiment of BS 4360 for grades 43A and 50C steel or requiment such other standart. Steel shall be
free from blisters,scale or other defect.
Fabrication
All lattice steel member shall be cut to jig and all holes in steel work shall be drilled or punched to jig.
Bolt holes shall no be more than 1,5 mm larger than the corresponding bolt diamete.All steel part shall
be carefully cut holes located sonthat when member are in position in the holes will be opposite each
other before being bolted up. The drilling, cutting, Punching and bending of all fabricated steel work
shall be such as to structure on site.the completestructures shall be cheked erected at the abricator
wroks prior t despatch to site. The structure and all componcnts there of shall be inspected and
approved before despatch.
Each part of the stucture shall be starnped with a clearly adenrifiable mark with corresponds with the
mark show on fabrication drawings fot that practicular part. The erection marks shall be impressed
before galfanizing and shall be clearly readaable afterwars.
Bolts and nuts
The members of the lattice steel structure shall be secured by means of bolts and nuts with approved
spring washers.
C.3 CONDUCTOR & GROUNDWIRE

1. SCOPE OF WORK
The work shall include the design, manufacturing, supply, testing,insurance, packing for export, shipment and
delivery.

2. STANDARD
The particulars of Conductor and Groundwire shall comply with schdule particulars as specified and the following
Standars:
1EC 209....................Aluminium Conductor Steel Reinforced,
SPLN 41-7................Ilantaran Aluminium Berpenguat Baja (ACSR),
JIS G 3537 : 1994....Galvanized steel stranded Wiire (GSW),
And /or other approved standard.

3. DETAILED REQUIREMENTS
3.1 Manufacture of stranding
The line conductors shall be concentric-lay stranded aluminium conductors steel reinforced (ACSR) and shall
comply with the requirements specified in these specifications. 1EC Publication no. 209, PLN standard (SPLN 4
1-7), JIS G 3537:1994, and/or other approved standards.
The steel core of conductors will be convered with a neutral grease for aluminium and Zine, but convering steel
core will not produce any excessremaining on the outside surface of conductor in order to avoid sand and dust
particles to adhere.
All wires making up the conductors shall be uniform and smooth and shall have no defects such as points, sharp
edges, or other imperfections that would tend to increase radio interference and corons loss. The conductor shall
also be free of metal particles and dirt.
The make up and lay of the conductor strands shall be such that all conductors are free from the tendency to
untwist or spring apart when cut.
Aluminium shall be of the highest purity commercially obtainable. Purity shall not be less than 99.5 percent.
The contractor shall submit cestificates of analysis giving the percentaga and nature of any impurities in the
metal fhorm which the wires are made.
In all contructions the successive layer shall have opposite direction of lay, the outermost layer being right
handed (Z-stranding). The wires in each layer shall be evenly and closly stranded.
The overhead ground-wire shall uniform and smooth and shall have no defects such as points, sharp edges,
abrasions, or other imperfections. The ground-wire shall also be free of metal particles and dirt.
The make up and lay of steel strands shall be such that wires are free from the tendency to untwist or spring
apart when cut.
3.2 Characteristics and guaranteed values
Characteristics and guaranteed values of the conductor and groundwire to be supplied shall be as apecified in
the technical Particulars attached.
3.3 Test and inspections
The inspection and testing shall be carried out on individual wires and stranded conductors in conformility with
1EC 209.The test specimens of compoment wure before stranding shall be taken from at least two individual
lengths and shall be of a sufficient length so that the following tests can be carried out.
The test items are as follows.
i. Aluminium wire
- Appearance Test
- Diameter
- Tensile Test
- Wrapping Test
- Eletric conductivity Test