Taiwan Highway Engineering

Vol. 30 No. 4 Oct. 2003. pp 27-39

AASHTO
* **

6.7% 72.7% 88%

63 67 69
71 80 [3]
20 10

(AASHTO)
1950
(ESAL)(MR) (Pt )
(mi )(a i )
(ESAL) ESAL

97%

[1,2,3,6]

*
**

27 XXX-175


(performance prediction)(mechanical behavior)

AASHTO ABAQUS [20]

2.1 AASHTO

[22]AASHTO AASHO
1950 3
(Ottawa)

1961 10
AASHO AASHTO

1961 AASHTO 1962 [21]

k (Present Serviceability Index , PSI)
(slope variance)


l (Load Equivalence Factor , LEF)
8 ( 18,000 )


m (structural coefficient)

28 XXX-176
 AASHTO
(a)(b)
(c) AASHTO (d)
(e) (f)

1972
(Equivalent Single Axle
Load, ESAL)
AASHTO (empirical) [13]

1986 AASHTO
(Resilient Modulus, MR)

;
1972

(reliability)(standard
deviation)(pavement management system)
(life -cycle cost) 1986 AASHTO
-(mechanistic-empirical method) [14]

1993 AASHTO 1986 (overlay)

[15]AASHTO AASHO
1962 40 1

2.2

3040
1525 515

29 XXX-177
 1 AASHTO

1962 l (Present Serviceability Index , PSI)
l
l (AC)
l (AC)

l
1972 l (Equivalent Single Axle Load, ESAL)

l (Soil Support Scale)
l
1986 l (Resilient Modulus, MR)

l (reliability)(standard normal deviate)

l
l
l
1993 l
l

(1968)

() AI(19701991)
()
AASHTO(1993)
() AASHTO(19861993)

AI(1970)
AI(1970)
AI(1991)

FAA(1989)

30 XXX-178
 (R)(1)(R<28)(2)
(R>40)(3)(25<R<42) [9,10,11]
( ) 181 R
1070 R 1050 90% 1

14
100
12

EASLs(million)
80
10
(%)

60 8
6
40
4
20 2
0 0
0 20 40 60 80 100 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83
R

1 R 2 ESALs

[12]
70 83
(ESAL) 2

6.7% 72.7% 88%

63 67 69
71 80
20 10
AASHO 552KPa(80psi) AASHTO
AASHO 2 1,114,000
1 (ESAL) 20 40 ESAL
AASHTO
(analytically-base)
(response),(pavement performance)

[1,2,3,4]

2.3

1962
-

31 XXX-179
(mechanistic empirical design methods)
[17,18] AASHTO 2002
20 (Long Term Pavement Performance, LTPP)
[19] (pavement structure)
(mechanistic behavior)(pavement performance)
(rutting)
(fatigue cracking)
(critical)
3 [23,24,25]
W (et ) (ec) P0
P1 [16,17,23,24,25]
3

Load, W

t P0 t

t c t Surface

t c t

Base&Subbase
P1

c
Subgrade

(eAC,top ) (dAC,top )

(eAC,bottom )
3

32 XXX-180
 3

(? AC , top )
(s AC , top )
(eAC , top )
(s AC , bottom)
(eAC , bottom)
(? Base , top )
(s Base , top )
(eBase , top )
(? Subbase , top )
(s Subbase , top )
(eSubbase , top )
(? Subgrade , top )
(eSubgrade , top )

AASHTO

( )( ) AASHTO
AASHTO 1993

(Pt)
k

(Present Serviceability Index, PSI)
(Pt )
1.8 2.3 [2]

l

Pen60/70 0.1sec
20 3144MPa(456ksi)
25 2593MPa(376ksi)60 310MPa(45ksi)

33 XXX-181
 2070MPa(300ksi) 103
MPa(15ksi)(MR)
MR 2-3-1
(R )(1) [8,16] 1
31MPa(4.5ksi) 62MPa(9ksi) 104MPa(15ksi)
[9]

MR(MPa)=8+3.8*R (1)

m
AASHTO 75psi(518KPa) 67.5psi(466KPa)AI
(MS-1 1991) 70psi(483KPa)
102psi(704KPa)
()

1.5 ESAL[7,16]
(Equivalent
Single Axle Load, ESAL) ESALs
8%45% 92% ESALs 3.43
7.68 14.35 (million)ESAL 4
[5]
100 2
92 R = 0.9746
90
80
70
(%)

60
50 45

40
30
20
8
10 3,434,895 7,684,151 14,351,355
0
0.00E+00 4.00E+06 8.00E+06 1.20E+07 1.60E+07
ESALS

4 ESALs

34 XXX-182
 AASHTO (2) 95%
0.45 (3)()
() 4

PSI
log 10 ( )
log (W18 ) = Z R S 0 + 9.36 log 10 (SN + 1) 0.20 + 4. 2 1.5 + 2. 32 log 10 (Mr ) 8.07
1094
0.40 +
10

(SN + 1) 5.19
(2)
:
W18 :18-kips(80KN)
ZR:
S0 :
?PSI:P0 -Pt
Mr:psi
SN:(structure number)
SN=a1 D1 +a2 D2 m2 +a3 D3 m (3)
:
D1 D2 D3 :(in)
a1 : 20=0.394logEac-1.7877
a2 :Ebs=300ksia2 =0.2761
a3 :=0.227logEsb-0.839
m2m3 : m2
m3 =1
EacEbsEsb:(psi)
4 AASHTO

(MPa) ESAL (mm)

6
(*10 ) (SN) (mm)
A1 3144 2070 103 31 3.43 8.9 127.0 165.1 355.6 647.7

A2 3144 2070 103 62 7.68 8.9 127.0 177.8 203.2 508.0

A3 3144 2070 103 104 14.35 8.9 127.0 203.2 114.3 444.5
B1 3144 2070 -- 31 3.43 7.5 165.1 317.5 -- 482.6

B2 3144 2070 -- 62 7.68 7.5 190.5 165.1 -- 355.6

B3 3144 2070 -- 104 14.35 7.5 203.2 76.2 -- 279.4

: ESALs>106 127mm(5in)

35 XXX-183


4 AASHTO A1~A3 B1~B3 (SN)

AASHTO (a 1 ) 20
20
25 60 AASHTO
466KPa(67.5psi) 3 3 ABAQUS


(edge)
(center)

4.1

(dt ) 5
6(et ) 7 8 5 6
AASHTO
31MPa(4.5ksi) 104MPa(15ksi) 7 8

AASHTO
AASHTO

6

60 (dt, 10 )

5.3117
-2

7
60 (dt, 10 )
-2

5 4.7435 6.2266
4.6949
6 5.6038
3.9685
4
3.3777 5
3.3192
4.0928
3 4 3.3742
2.3679
2.9462
1.7606
3
2 1.6948 2.1702
2
1
1

0 0
A-1 A-2 A-3 B-1 B-2 B-3

5 60(SN=8.9) 6 60(SN=7.5)

36 XXX-184

60 (et , 10 )

60 (et , 10 )
120 120

-5
-5

108.43 110.7500
104.11
97.779
100 100 87.2740
78.6700 85.0470
80.3110
78.432 78.3900 79.2870
80 80 70.3470 72.8850

60 60
46.781

40 34.856 34.894 40
30.952
27.998

20 20
2.4431 2.3735 2.2224
0 0
A-1 A-2 A-3 B-1 B-2 B-3

7 60(SN=8.9) 8 60(SN=7.5)

4.2

(eb ) 9 10
9 AASHTO



10

25 (eb, 10 )

16
25 (eb, 10 )

8 7.5393
-5
-5

7.4083 7.402
13.5490 13.2680 13.7300
7 14
6.11216.0316 5.8883 12.0850
5.6824 11.4590
6 12 10.6430
5.0699 5.078
5 10

4 8

3 6

2 4

1 2

0 0
A-1 A-2 A-3 B-1 B-2 B-3

9 25(SN=8.9) 10 25(SN=7.5)

AASHTO
AASHTO

37 XXX-185


k AASHTO

AASHTO


l AASHTO


mAASHTO (SN) SN

k 86 (1997)
l (1999)
m (1998)
n 357375 (1998)
o (1998)
p
289~306 (1993)
q
()()
19 2
2~23 3 19~35 (1992)
r ,()()(),
16 9 31~47 16 10 31~48 16
9 16~31 (1990)
s
20
8 2~14 (1994)
t
AASHTO

21 5 17~39 (1994)
u R

(1984)
v

38 XXX-186
(1997)
w American Association of State Highway and Transportation Office (AASHTO), AASHTO
Interim Guide for the Design of Flexible Pavement Structure, Washington , D. C.(1972).
xAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Office (AASHTO), AASHTO
Guide for Design of Pavement Structures, Washington , D. C.(1986).
yAmerican Association of State Highway and Transportation Office (AASHTO), AASHTO Guide
for Design of Pavement Structures, Washington , D. C.(1993).
zAsphalt Institute (AI), Thickness Design-Asphalt Pavements for Highways and Streets, MS-1,
10th edition, Kentucky (1991).
{Ayres, M. and Witczak, M., Mechanistic probabilistic system to evaluate flexible pavement
performance, Transportation Research. Record, Vol. 1629, pp. 137-148(1998).
|Chen, D. H. , Zaman M. , Laguros, J. and Soltani, A.,Assessment of computer programs for
analysis of flexible pavement structure, Transportation Research Record, Vol. 1482,
pp.123-133(1995).
}Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), Mechanistic Evaluation of Test Data from LTPP
Flexible Pavement Test Sections, Final Report, Vol. 1, FHWA-RD-98-020, Virginia (1998).
~Hibbit, Karlsson and Sorensen, ABAQUS Users Manual, Version 6.1, U.S.A.(2000).
Highway Research Board (HRB), AASHTO Road Test Special Report 61 E, Report 5,
Washington, D. C.(1962).
Huang, Y. H., Pavement Analysis and Design, Prentice Hall, New Jersey, pp. 1-167, 318-370,
460-472(1993).
Kennedy, T. W., Adedimila, A. S. and Haas, R., Materials characterization for asphalt
pavements structural design systems, Proceedings of 4th International Conference on the
Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, pp.
346-353(1977).
Monismith, C. L., Analytically based asphalt pavement design and rehabilitation: Theory to
practice, 1962-1992, Transportation Research Record, Vol. 1354, pp. 5-26(1992).
Peattie, K. R., A fundamental approach to the design of flexible pavements, Proceedings of 1st
International Conference on the Structural Design of Asphalt Pavements, University of
Michigan, Ann Arbor, pp. 403-411(1962).

39 XXX-187