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MODULE-33A
Concrete Technology- Properties of concrete, basics mix design.
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Composition:
a) Lime ( ) 60-67%
b) Silica ( )17 to 25%
c) Alumina ( ) 3-8%
d) Iron oxide ( )
e) Magnesia ( )
f) Sulphur trioxide ( )1-2.75%
g) Alkalies ( )
Setting and hardening of Portland cement: There are four mineral compounds which are
responsible for setting and hardening.
(i) Tri calcium silicate (3 )
(ii) Di calcium silicate ( 2 )
(iii) Tri calcium Aluminates(3Ca )
(iv) Tetra calcium Alumino ferrite (4Ca )
Setting can be controlled by addition of Gypsum
Aluminates are responsible for initial setting
Tri-calcium silicate imports early strength
Di-calcium silicate imports later stage strength.
Setting is the change of cement paste from plastic state to stiff solid state.
Hardening is gaining of compressive strength with time.
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Grade of concrete: The quality or grade of concrete is designed in terms of a number, which
denotes its characteristic compressive strength (150mm cubes at 28days) expressed in MPa.
The number is usually preceded by the letter M, which refers to mix. Ex:
Minimum grade of concrete in RCC:
Along sea coast PCC:
Characteristic strength: It is defined as the strength of material below which not more than
5% of the test results are expected to fall.
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0.85
Maximum allowable shrinkage strain=0.0003
Limit of failure strain of concrete in direct compression 0.002 and 0.0035 in flexure
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