INSULATION COORDINATION STUDY OF A 220 KV CABLE-LINE
S.~ - D u * * T. T ~ ~ ~ - Q u o c * T. Huynh-Van**
Non Member Senior Member IEEE Non Member
* Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique de Grenoble ** HCMC Power Compagny
BP. 46,38402 Saint Martin &Heres 12 Nguyen Thi Minh Khai, HCM City
France Vietnam
Tel: (33)4 76 82 64 40 Fax: (33) 4 76 82 63 00
-
Abstnod This paper investigates the insulation coordination
study for Nha Be - Tao Dan 220 kV cable line that will be
installed in Ho Chi Minh Cfty, Vietnam. The main objective of
the study for this cable line is to determine the overvobge levels
caused by lightning and switching. In order to study the
overvoltages, modeling of compooents of this system such 85
overhead lines, underground cables, arresters and towers is
presented. The simulations were carriedsut using EMTP.
Keywords: Underground Cable, Transmission Line, Lightning
Overvoltages, Switching Overvoltages.
I. INTRODUCTION
The proposed M a Be - Tao Dan 220 kV transmission and
Tao Dan 220 kV GIS substation project is to improve the
reliability and quality of the supply services through a 220 kV
bulk power transmission system, which injects power directly
to the load centers in downtown Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC).
The 220 Tao Dan facilities are urgently required to increase
the capacity of the HCMC power system. Within the urban
area, the 220 kV transmission system must be implanted as an
underground cable system and a 220/110/22/15 kV indoor
substation at Tao Dan, in order to meet the town planning and
environmental standards. The Tao Dan substation will be a
terminal substation in the initial phase with provisions to be
interconnected with two other 220 kV substations [11.
The proposed Tao Dan 220 kV GIS substation and Nha Be -
Tao Dan 220 kV Transmissionproject comprises [l]:
Tao Dan substation with 220 and 110 kV gas insulated
switchgear, 15 and 22 kV switchgear, 2*220/110 kV, 250
MVA transforma and 2+110/22-15 kV, 63 MVA
transformers
2*220 kV underground cable circuits, length 6.3 lan, firm
transmission capacity 500 MVA
220 kV double circuit overhead line, length 6.3 km, firm
transmission capacity 500 MVA
(c) 2000 E E E
0-7803-5935-6/00/$10.00
J.C. Sabonnadiere* H. Vo-Van-Huy* L. Pham-Ngoc+
Fellow Member Non Member Non Member
+ Power CompagnyNo.2
72 Hai Ba Tmg, HCM City
Vietnam
Email: tran.q.tuan@leg.ensieg.inpg.fr
In this paper the main objectives of the insulation
coordination study for the Nha Be - Tao Dan 220 kV cable-
line are the following:
- to determine the required insulation levels for the 220 kV
underground cables
- to determine the influence of surge arresters in order to
ensure an adequate protection of the cable against
lightning and switching overvoltages.
The lightning overvoltages on a cable-line system or a
substation are caused either by shielding failures or back
flashovers of the tower insulation on the transmission lines
[2-lo]. Direct strokes to the phase conductors of a shielded
transmission line occur typically when lightning strokes of
low magnitude (a few kA) bypass the overhead shield wires
(shielding failure) [3-4]. The event of greater concern for this
study is back flashovers. Back flashover occurs when
lightning strikes the tower or the shield wire and the resultant
tower top voltage is large enough to cause flashover of the
line insulation h m the tower to the phase conctuctor. When
back flashover occurs, a part of the surge current will be
transferred to the phase conductors through the arc across the
insulation stritgs. In this cable-line system, lightning surges
will propagate to the cable terminals and transmit part of their
discharge energy to the cables.
In order to ensure the opmtion of the Nha Be - Tao Dan 220
kV cable-line, calculations of switching overvoltage are
presented. The overvoltages on cable sheaths are also
investigated for the cross-bonded sheaths.
U. MODELING
In order to study the lightning surge phenomena, the
modeling of system elements is represented in this part.
The double-circuit overhead line (including two overhead
shield wires) from Nha Be substation to the cable terminals is
separated into 5 sections in series (2550 m,3x350 m and 100
m). The last section (near cable tenninals) is modeled by a
100 m length. Five these line sections are modeled by their
fkequency dependent parameters (J. Marti's model).
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 The underground cable sections and GIS bus bars are also The first five towers of the overhead line connected to the
represented by J. Martis model. The main underground cable cable terminals are represented in detail, including tower
of 6300 m is modeled by 9 sections of 700 m length in series. footing grounding. The model of tower is represented as
The underground cable connected fiom the GIS bus bars to shown in Fig. 3 [3]. The wave propagation velocity on towers
the transformer is also modeled. The principal scheme of the is fixed to 85% of the speed of light for the consideration of
main underground cable is represented as shown in Fig. 1. the tower lattice structures. The footing resistance of the
The horizontal arrangement of two circuits of 220 kV XLPE towers closest to the cable terminals is estimated to be 15
cable is shown in Fig. 2. In order to minimize the steady state ohms [2].
sheath losses due to circulating current, sheaths are bonded at
junctions J1, 52, 54, J5, 57 and J8 respectively. MOVs are In order to take into account steep-fiont overvoltages due to
connected at these junctions in order to reduce sheath lightning, all surge arresters are modeled by their fiont of
overvoltages. The sheaths are directly grounded at junctions wave protective characteristics. The surge arresters with rated
53 and 56 and cable terminals. voltage of 192 kV rms according to manufacturer catalogue
could be selected for this project to protect the core
\ / overvoltages. The sheath overvoltages are limited by using
6.3 km Jo t group
JI J2 53 54 J5
Y 56 J7 J8
surge arresters of 12 kV.
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6 L7 L8 L9 The behavior of overhead line insulation subjected to the
lightning overvoltage is represented by the volt-time
characteristics.

Lightning strokes causing back flashovers or direct strokes

were simulated as current sources injected to the towers or
phase conductors connected to cable terminals.
r4J L1J
Cross-bonding Direct earthing Termination In order to study the switching overvoltages when a
transformer is energized, transformer is represented by
Fig. 1. Principal scheme of cross-bonding for one cable system. saturable transformer model with three windings: H.V, B.V,
and M.V. The saturation characteristics of these transformers
are taken into account [ 1 1, 121.

111. SIMULATION RESULTS

0.3 m 0.3 m 0.4 m
< \ /
/I
W
The 20 m length of GIS bus bar and a short cable from GIS
substation to transformers are used for this study. Lightning
and switching overvoltage calculations are carried-out using
Fig. 2. Horizontal arrangement of two circuits of 220 kV XLPE cable. the EMTP in order to verify the overvoltage levels in
comparison with rated lightning impulse withstand voltage
BIL (1.2150 ps) and rated short duration power frequency
I withstand voltage (1 min.),. Rated lightning impulse
withstand voltage is fixed to 1050 kV,* and rated short
duration power frequency withstand voltage is fixed to 460
kVms r11.
111.1 Lightning overvoltages

Lightning overvoltages generated within the Nha Be - Tao

Dan underground cable are caused by lightning strokes on the
overhead line section of the combined overhead-linelcable
transmission system. Lightning surges will propagate to the
cable terminals and transmit part of their discharge energy to
the cables.
- In general, since the surge impedance for a long cable is
Fig, 3. Overhead transmission line, towers and insulator representation.
much lower than for an overhead line (or a GIS bus bar),
lightning impulse overvoltage transferred from the overhead

0-7803-5935-6/00/$10.00(c) 2000 IEEE 2083

line will be significantly reduced and damped by the cable In this underground cable system, in order to minimize the
resistance. However, m the case of a short cable section, such steady state sheath losses due to circulating currents, the
as the Nha Be - Tao Dan underground cables, multiple wave sheaths are bonded. In the case with cross-bonding, the
reflections at overhead-helcable and cable/GIS junctions maximum overvoltage can reach 526 kV on the underground
could result in high overvohages stressing the cable insulation cables and 542 kV at Tao Dan GI$ substation. The maximum
[2, 3, 7, 81. Lightning surges are caused by the following overvoltage between the cores and sheaths of the
phenomena: back flashovers, direct lightning strokes. underground cables can reach 526 kV. Fig. 5 shows the core
overvoltageson underground cables.
For the study of this line-cable system, lightning is assumed
to hit on the second tower or on one phase of the second
tower located at about 100 m fiom cable terminals. In this
paper, a negative polariQ lightning stroke is used since more
than 90% of the total number of flashes-&ground are of
negative polarity [3]. For a negative polarity lightning stroke,
a 1.O pu (opposite polarity) AC voltage source will maximize
the insulation stress and thereby the line outage rate.

III. 1.1 Direct lightning strokes

The direct lightning stroke of 16 kA with an estimated 1/50

OM Cl10
ps on the phase a at the second tower (100 m h m cable - -.____ I..&L..-- __---
terminals) is considered. Fig. 6. Sheath voltages at the junctions JI and J2 (crowbondin&.

In the case without cross-bonding,the maximum overvoltage Fig. 6 shows the voltage waveforms of sheaths at the
can reach 543 kV on underground cables and 594 kV at Tao junctions J1 and 52 (see Fig. 1). Maxi" sheath voltage
Dan GIS substation. Fig. 4 shows the core overvoltages on may reach 55.7 kV at the junction J1.
undexground cables.
-- .70.~./f~,---o-q~i) ... . ..- ... A sensitivity analysis is canied out by varying the system
.-.-._- parameters. The results show that the overvoltages on the
I "'Fm;]
I-.--__C.-.______--_-.----.-.
1 cables decrease significantly when the figkilning strikes occur
on the overhead line firr &om the cable terminals. For a direct
lightning stroke of 12.5 kA ( M O ps) on the phase a at the
second tower h m cable terminals (100 m &om cable
terminals), the maximum overvoltage can reach 429 kV.
Table I shows the influence of stroke curreat on lightning
overvoltage.

TABLE 1. Influence of stroke current on ovewoltagcs (direct strokes)

I Position I Stroke current I V on cables I V at substation I
ckv) 0
2&tower -16 U,1/50 p 526 542
Zdtower -12.5 kA, 1/50 ps 425 429
2"dtower -20kA. 1/50 us 595 592

111.1.2 Back flashovers

Back flashovers occur when lightning strikes the tower or the

shield wire and the resultant tower top voltage is large enough
to cause flashover of the line insulation &om the tower to the
phase conductor.

In this case, a 200 kA, 3/50 ps lightning strikes the second

-WO i. .... _*-
._* : ..-+.-
tower. The maxi" overvoltage can reach 669 kV on
!
' 0.w C.oS a:o
._C

$5 j underground cables and 662 kV at Tao Dan GIS substation.

I .__.- ____.%.!$\,
-, . -.
.
Fig 5. Core voltages in case wi& cross-bonding.
...i The core! overvoltages of underground cables are shown in
Fig. 7. Fig. 8 shows the sheath voltages at the junctions J l

(c) 2000 IEEE

0-7803-5935-6/00/$10.00 2084
and 52. Maximum sheath voltage can reach 62.3 kV at the 111.2 switching overvoltages
junction J1. Fig 9 shows the voltage at the spark gap
terminals of insulators. The selected 192 kV MOV for overhead-lindcable and
. ~ u - ~ -~*.~-,.~~~-~-i
~ ~ ~ ..............................
- ~ ~
cabledGIs junctions significantly limits switching
I
{m.r-.----_----..______________._ _.., .. , ! overvoltages. In this part, a statistical calculation of switching
-
overvoltage along the Nha Be Tao Dan 220 kV cable-line is
presented. A statistical calculation of switching overvoltage
in case of energization of a 250 MVA, 220/110 kV
transformer is also carried out.

111.2.1 Cable energization

In this part, the opened cable line system h m Nba Be to Tao

Dan is energized at Nha Be substation. Figs. 10 and 11 show
the voltage waveforms in phase a, b and c at overhead-
i -:m)!. C---- ;. . ,
j I . . ~._ _ _ ( _ _ _
J linehble junctions and Tao Dan substation. Tbe
!
C3Y 0.M 0.10 0.L overvoltages can reach 320 kV (1.78 pu) at overhead-
'imc_(m5) - ......... I.-.-_-. linedcable junctions and 371 kV (2.07 pu) at the Tao Dan
Fig. 7.Core.voltages in case of back flashovers.
-- ...-. .... -.--_.- FOUCCOG,>EC,AOP rype--- ..
substation. In all cases, the simulation results show that the

: "r -__.._.
&ma ........., . .
.,-. ....... .-. ...
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
maximum switching overvoltages at overhead-lindcable
junction and Tao Dan GIs substation can reach 1.8 and 2.1
pu, respectively.
. . . . . . . . . . . . .
sWlrcHl>AMIAolqgi~----
..
---- ----
........... ....... . , ...................

. . . . . .

.. .- .... ..-.----.C
j Loo
_.._ --___
0.05
~~~
0.IC
.......
Fig. 8. Sheath voltages at thejunctions J1 and J2 (see Fig. I).

1_____
""7----
-
.. ~.o"ococ-13~.
_._.-_.__...
.q----
.~dlSOT~fvy~e
~ .-.. ..... .--.
!l
Fig. 10. Overvoltagaat ovehed-lindcable junctions.

-"o . . . . . . .

Table II shows the influence of stroke current on

overvoltages. In all case, simulation results for lightning and
switching overvoltage calculation show that the specified BIL
of 1050 kV will provide an adequate security margin for the
main cable circuits and GIS substation of the 220 kV Nha Be
-
Tao Dan cable line. 111.2.2 Transformer energization
TABLE II. Influence of stroke current on overvoltages (back flashovers) In the Tao Dan GIs substation, two 250 MVA, 220/110 kV
1 Position I Stroke current I V on cables I V at substation I transformem will be installed. In this part, a 250 MVA,
I
2* tower 1-200 kA. 3/50 DLSI
I ( kv) I
669
1 2"' tower 1-300kA,3/50 ps1 821 I
I
(kv)
662
718 I
1 2201110 kV transformer is energized at Tao Dan substation.
The overvoltages on the underground cable can reach 332 kV
(1.87 pu) as shown in Fig. 12. The simulation results obtained

(c) 2000 IEEE

0-7803-5935-6/00/$10.00 2085
by statistical simulation show that the maximum switching
overvoltagescan reach 1.9 pu on underground cables.
_ - _ . _ ___-
--.
~
I -f"I -------- ----)I
WlCtiS>M(1At~~~ype
- -. .-.-- .-..^...
f ,I -- I i !,- 11
For the main cable circuits and GIS substation of the Nha Be
- Tao Dan 220 kV cable line, simulation results for cable l i e
energization and transformer energization calculation show
that the specified rated short time power hquency withstand
voltage and rated switching impulse withstand voltage will
provide an adequate security margin.
IV.CONCLUSIONS
The paper presents lightning and switching overvoltage
-
calculations for the Tao Dan Nha Be 220 kV cable line. In
all cases, simulation results for lightning and switching
overvoltage calculations show that the specified B L and
rated switching impulse withstand voltage will provide an
adequate security margin for the main cable circuits and GIS
-
substation of the Nha Be Tao Dan 220 kV cable line.
V. REFERENCES
FICHTNER, "The Tao Dan 220 kV GIS Substation and Nha Be Tao - Technology (Vietnam). He is presently manager of international Cooperation
Dan 220 kV Transmission Line Project," August 1999.
Bui Van-Que, "Transmission and Distribution Project 500-kV and
-
220-kV Systems Preliminary Studies." August 1997.
IEEE Fast Front Transient Task Force, "Modeling Guidelines for Fast
Front Transients," IEEE 1995 Winter Meeting, paper No. 95WM278-
2 PWRD.
ClGRE Working Group 33-01 (Lightning) of Study, "Guide to
Procedures for Estimating the Lightning Performance of Transmission
Lines".
Atsuyuki Inoue. Sei-ichi Kanao, "Observation and Analysis of
Multiple-Phase Grounding faults Caused by Lightning" IEEE Trans.
on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No. 1, January 1996, pp. 353-360.
M. Matsumoto, 0. Sakuma, K. Shinjo, M. Saiki, T. Wakai. T. Sakai.
H. Nagasaka, H. Motoyama, M. Ishii, "Measurement of Lightning
Surges on Test transmission Line Equipped with Arresters Shuck by
Natural and Triggered Lightning," IEEE Truns. on Power Delivery,
Vol. 11, No. 2, April 1996, pp. 996-1002.
H. Alahi, M. Sublich, M.E. Anderson, B.D. Nelson, "Lightning
Overvoltage Protection of the Paddock 362-145 kV Gas-Insulated
Substation," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 5, No. 1, January
1990. pp. 144-150.
S. Yanabu, H. Murase, H. Aoyagi, H. Okubo, Y. Kawaguchi,
"Estimation of Fast Transient Overvoltages in Gas-Insulated
(c) 2000 IEEE
0-7803-5935-6/00/$10.00
Substation," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 5, No. 4,
November 1990, pp. 1875-1882.
[9] B. Gustaven, 1. Sletbak. "Transient Sheath Overvoltagesin Armoured
Power Cables," IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 11, No.3, July
1996, pp. 1594-1600.
[IO] Q. Bui-Van, G. Beaulieu, H. Huynh. "OvervoltageStudies for the St-
Lawrence River 500-kV DC Cable Crossing," IEEE Trans. on Power
Delivery, Vol. 6,No. 3, July 1991, pp. 1205-1215.
[I I] T.T~WI-QUOC. S. Lam-Du, D. Pham-Van, N. N g ~ y ~ n - K h L.
a ~Tran-
,
Dinh. "Temporary Overvoltages in the Vietnam 500 kV Transmission
Line," IEEE Conference on Transmission & Distribution
Construction, Operation and Live-Line Maintenance,
IEEUESM0'98, April 1998, Orlando, USA.
[I21 T. Tran-Quoc, L. Pierrat, and al. "Modeling of Nonlinear Elements in
a Digital Simulator, Part I: Implantation", IEEE International
Conference on Digital Power System Simulators, Montreal,
CANADA, May 1997.
VI. BIOGRAPHIES
Turn TRAN-QUoC (M' 93, SM' 99) was bom in 1960 in Vietnam. He
received his Engineer d e w in Electrical Engineering from the Ho Chi
Minh City University of Technology(Vietnam) in 1982. From 1983 to 1988
he worked as an assistant professor at the same University. He obtained his
"Dipl6me d'Etudes Approfondies" and "Diplome de Docteur" (Ph.D.) from
the Institut National Polytcchnique de Grenoble (INPG.), France. in 1989
and 1993, respectively. From 1993 to 1995 he worked as a postdoctoral
-
fellow in the Laboratoire d'Electrottchnique de Grenoble (LEG INPG).
From 1995 to 1996 he was a research engineer at the French Electricity
Board (Electricitk de France, EDF). He is presently with Labomtoin
d'Electrotcchniquc de Grenoble. His restarch interests are in the fields of
power system analysis, operations and electromagnetictransients.
Son LAM-DU was born in 1954 in Vietnam. He received his Engineer,
M.Sc and Ph. D degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Ho Chi Minh
City University of Technology (Vietnam) in 1978, 1992 and 1999.
respectively. From 1978 to 1986, he worked as an assistant professor at the
same University. In 1986 he joined the Ho Chi Minh Electricity Company
(Electricity of Vietnam) where Dr. Son is presently deputy director. His
research interests are in the fields of electromagnetic transients and power
distributionsystem.
Thu HUYNH-VAN was born in 1961 in Vietnam. He received his Engineer
in Electrical Engineering from the Ho Chi Minh City University of
& import export department, Ho Chi Minh Electricity Company (Electricity
of Vietnam).
Jean Claude SABONNADIERE Eng 63, DSc 69 is presently professor at
the lnstitut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (I.N.P.G.), France. The
research of professor Sabonnadike is focused on modelling and calculation
of electromagnetic fields and devices. He has published more than 150
scientific papers and written 3 books on C A D of electromagnetic systems.
Professor Sabonnadike is fellow of E E E and IEE, Doctor honoris causa of
the Ecole Polytechnique Federaie de Lausanne (Switzerland)and member of
the Electromagnetic Academy (MIT).
Hoang VO-VAN-HW was bom in 1971 in Vietnam. He received his
degree in Electrical Engineering from the Da-Nang University of
Technology (Vietnam) and the Ecole Nationale Supkrieure d'Inghieurs
Electriciens de Grenoblc (France) in 1994 and 1996, respectively. He is
presently pursing a Ph. D at the Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble.
Le PHAM-NGOC was bom in 1962 in Vietnam. He received his Engineer
in Electrical Engineering from the Ho Chi Minh City University of
Technology (Vietnam) in 1994. He is presently deputy director, Electricity
Company No. 2 (Electricityof Vietnam).
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