UGC NET Environmental Sciences Syllabus November 2017

UGC NET Environmental Science Paper II and Paper III ( Part A & B ) :

Unit I :

Definition, principles and scope of Environmental Science.

Earth, Man and Environment. Ecosystems, Pathways in Ecosystems.
Physico-chemical and Biological factors in the Environment.
Geographical classification and zones.
Structure and composition of atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere and biosphere. Mass
and Energy transfer across the various interfaces, material balance. First and Second law
of thermodynamics, heat transfer processes. Scale of Meteorology, pressure, temperature,
precipitation, humidity, radiation and wind. Atmospheric stability, inversions and mixing
heights, windroses.
Natural resources, conservation and sustainable development.

Unit II :

Fundamentals of Environmental Chemistry : Stochiometry, Gibbs energy, Chemical

potential, chemical equilibria, acid base reactions, solubility product, solubility of gases in water,
the carbonate system, unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons, radionuclides.

Chemical composition of Air : Classification of elements, chemical speciation. Particles, ions

and radicals in the atmosphere. Chemical processes for formation of inorganic and organic
particulate matter. Thermochemical and photochemical reactions in the atmosphere. Oxygen and
ozone chemistry, Chemistry of air pollutants, Photochemical smog.

Water Chemistry : Chemistry of water, concept of DO, BOD, COD, sedimentation,

coagulation, filtration, Redox potential.

Soil Chemistry : Inorganic and organic components of soil, Nitrogen pathways and NPK in
soils.

Toxic Chemicals in the environment Air, Water : Pesticides in water. Biochemical aspects
of Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, Mercury, Carbon Monoxide, Os and PAN Pesticides, Insecticides,
MIC, carcinogens in the air.

Principles of Analytical Methods : Titrimetry, Gravimetry, Colourimetry, Spectrophotometry,

Chromatography, Gas Chromatography, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, GLC, HPLC,
Electrophoresis. X ray fluorescence, X ray diffraction, Flame photometry.

Unit III :

Definition, Principles and scope of ecology, Human ecology and Human settlement, Evolution,
Origin of life and speciation.
Ecosystems :

Structure and functions, Abiotic and Biotic components, energy flows, Food chains, Food
web, Ecological pyramids, types and diversity.
Ecological Succession, Population, Community ecology and Parasitism, Prey predator
relationships.

Common flora and fauna in India :

Aquatic : Phytoplankton, Zooplankton and Macrophytes.

Terrestrial : Forests

Endangered and Threatened Species :

Biodiversity and its conservation : Definition, Hotspots of Biodiversity, Strategies for

Biodiversity conservation. National Parks and Sanctuaries. Gene pool.
Microflora of Atmosphere : Air Sampling techniques. Identification of aeroallergens.
Air borne diseases and allergies.
Environmental Biotechnology : Fermentation Technology, Vermiculture technology,
Biofertilizer technology.

Unit IV :

Environmental Geosciences : Fundamental concepts.

The earth systems and Biosphere : Conservation of matter in various geospheres lithosphere,
hydrosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. Energy budget of the earth. Earths thermal
environment and seasons. Ecosystems flow of energy and matter. Coexistence in communities-
food webs., Earthsmajor ecosystems terrestrial and aquatic. General relationship between
landscape, biomes and climate. Climates of India, Indian Monsoon, El Nino, Droughts. Tropical
cyclones and Western Disturbances.

Earths Processes and Geological Hazards : Earths processes; concept of residence, time and
rates of natural cycles. Catastrophic geological hazards. Study of floods, landslides, earthquakes,
volcanism and avalanche. Prediction and perception of the hazards and adjustments to hazardous
activities.

Mineral Resources and Environment : Resources and Reserves, Minerals.and Population.

Oceans as new areas for exploration of mineral resources. Ocean ore and recycling of resources.
Environmental impact of exploitation, processing and smelting of minerals.

Water Resources and Environment : Global Water Balance. Ice sheets and fluctuations of sea
levels. Origin and composition of seawater. Hydpological cycle. Factors influencing the surface
water. Types of water. Resources of oceans. Ocean pollution by toxic wastes. Human use of
surface and groundwaters. Groundwater pollution.
Landuse Planning : The landuse plan. Soil surveys in relation to landuse planning. Methods of
site selection and evaluation.

Environmental Geochemistry : Concept of major, trace and REE. Classification of trace

elements, Mobility of trace elements, Geochemical cycles. Biogeochemica! factors in
environmental health. Human use, trace elements and health. Possible effects of imbalance of
some trace elements. Diseases induced by human use of land.

Principles of Remote sensing and its application of Environmental Sciences. Application of GIS
in Environmental Management.

Unit V :

Sun as source of energy; solar radiation and its spectral characteristics; Fossil fuels-
classification, composition, physico chemical characteristics and energy content of coal,
petroleum and natural gas. Principles of generation of hydroelectric power, tidal, Ocean Thermal
Energy Conversion, wind, geothermal energy; solar collectors, photovoltaics, solar ponds;
nuclear energy fission and fusion; magnetohydrodynamic power, bio-energy-energy from
biomass and biogas, anaerobic digestion; energy use pattern in different parts of the world.

Environmental implication of energy use; C02 emissions, global warming; air and thermal
pollution; radioactive waste and radioactivity from nuclear reactors; impacts of large-scale
exploitation of Solar, Wind, Hydro and Ocean energy.

Unit VI :

Air : Natural and anthropogenic sources of pollution. Primary and Secondary pollutants.
Transport and diffusion of pollutants. Gas laws governing the behaviour of pollutants in the
atmosphere. Methods of monitoring and control of air pollution SOz, NOx, CO, SPM. Effects of
pollutants on human beings, plants, animals, materials and on climate. Acid Rain. Air Quality
Standards.

Water : Types, sources and consequences of water pollution. Physico chemical and
Bacteriological sampling and analysis of water quality. Standards, sewage and waste water
treatment and recycling. Water quality standard.

Soil : Physico chemical as bacteriological sampling as analysis of soil quality. Soil Pollution
Control. Industrial waste effluents and heavy metals, their interactions with soil components.
Soil micro organisms and their functions, degradation of different insecticides, fungicides and
weedicides in soil. Different kinds of synthetic fertilizers ( NP & K ) and their interactions with
different components of soil.

Noise : Sources of noise pollution, measurement of noise and Indices, effect of meteorological
parameters on noise propagation. Noise exposure levels and standards. Noise control and
abatement measures. Impact of noise on human health.
Marine : Sources of marine pollution and control. Criteria employed for disposal of pollutants in
marine system-coastal management.
Radioactive and Thermal Pollution.

Unit VII :

Introduction to environmental impact analysis.

Environmental impact Statement and Environmental Management Plan.
EIA guidelines 1994, Notification of Government of India.
Impact Assessment Methodologies.
Generalized approach to impact analysis.
Procedure for reviewing Environmental impact analysis and statement. Guidelines for
Environmental audit.
Introduction to Environmental planning.
Base line information and predictions (land, water, atmosphere, energy, etc.).
Restoration and rehabilitation technologies.
Landuse policy for India.
Urban planning for India.
Rural planning and landuse pattern.
Concept and strategies of sustainable development.
Cost-Benefit analysis.
Environmental priorities in India and sustainable development.

Unit VIII :

Sources and generation of solid wastes, their characterization, chemical composition and
classification. Different methods of disposal and management of solid wastes ( Hospital Wastes
and Hazardous Wastes ) Recycling of waste material. Waste minimization technologies.

Hazardous Wastes Management and Handling Rules, 1989, Resource Management, Disaster
Management and Risk analysis.

Environment protection-issues and problems, International and National efforts for Environment
Protection, Provision of Constitution of India regarding Environment ( Article 48A and 58A ).

Environmental Policy Resolution, Legislation, Public Policy Strategies in Pollution Control,

Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 amended 1991, Forest Conservation Act, 1980, Indian Forests Act
( Revised ) 1982, Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Act, 1981 as amended by
Amendment Act, 1987 and Rule 1982, Motor Vehicle Act, 1988, The Water ( Prevention and
Control of Pollution ) Act, 1974 as amended up to 1988 and Rules 1975, The Environment (
Protection ) Act, 1986 and Rules 1986.

Scheme of labelling of environmentally friendly products ( Ecomark ), Public Liability Insurance

Act, 1991 and Rules 1991.

Unit IX :
Basic elements and tools of statistical analysis; Probability, sampling, measurement and
distribution of attributes; Distribution-Normal, t and x* Poisson and Binomial; Arithmetic,
Geometric and Harmonic means; moments; matrices, simultaneous linear equations; tests of
hypothesis and significance.

Introduction to environmental system analysis; Approaches to development of models; linear

simple and multiple regression models, validation and forecasting. Models of population growth
and interactions Lotka Volterra model, Leslies matrix model, point source stream pollution
model, box model, Gaussian plume model.

Unit X :

Environmental Education and Awareness. Environmental Ethics and Global imperatives.

Global Environmental problems-ozone depletion, global warming and climatic change.
Current Environmental issue in India.
Context : Narmada Dam, Tehri Dam, Almetti Dam, Soil Erosion, Formation and
reclamation of Usar, Alkaline and Saline Soil.
Waste lands and their reclamation.
Desertification and its control.
Vehicular pollution and urban air quality.
Depletion of Nature resources.
Biodiversity conservation and Agenda 21.
Waste disposal, recycling and power generation, Fly ash utilization. Water Crises-
Conservation of water. Environmental Hazards.
Eutrophication and restoration of Indian lakes. Rain water harvesting. Wet lands
conservation.
Epidemiological issues ( e.g., Goitre, Fluorosis, Arsenic ).

CSIR UGC NET June 2017 Syllabus for Chemical Sciences

Inorganic Chemistry

1. Chemical periodicity
2. Structure and bonding in homo- and heteronuclear molecules, including shapes of molecules (
VSEPR Theory ).
3. Concepts of acids and bases, Hard-Soft acid base concept, Non-aqueous solvents.
4. Main group elements and their compounds : Allotropy, synthesis, structure and bonding,
industrial importance of the compounds.
5. Transition elements and coordination compounds : structure, bonding theories, spectral and
magnetic properties, reaction mechanisms.
6. Inner transition elements : spectral and magnetic properties, redox chemistry, analytical
applications.
7. Organometallic compounds : synthesis, bonding and structure, and reactivity. Organometallics
in homogeneous catalysis.
8. Cages and metal clusters.
9. Analytical chemistry separation, spectroscopic, electro- and thermoanalytical methods.
10. Bioinorganic chemistry : photosystems, porphyrins, metalloenzymes, oxygen transport,
electron- transfer reactions; nitrogen fixation, metal complexes in medicine.
11. Characterisation of inorganic compounds by IR, Raman, NMR, EPR, Mssbauer, UV-vis,
NQR, MS, electron spectroscopy and microscopic techniques.
12. Nuclear chemistry : nuclear reactions, fission and fusion, radio-analytical techniques and
activation analysis.

Physical Chemistry :

1. Basic principles of quantum mechanics : Postulates; operator algebra; exactly- solvable

systems : particle in a box, harmonic oscillator and the hydrogen atom, including shapes of
atomic orbitals; orbital and spin angular momenta; tunneling.
2. Approximate methods of quantum mechanics : Variational principle; perturbation theory up to
second order in energy; applications.
3. Atomic structure and spectroscopy; term symbols; many-electron systems and antisymmetry
principle.
4. Chemical bonding in diatomics; elementary concepts of MO and VB theories; Huckel theory
for conjugated -electron systems.
5. Chemical applications of group theory; symmetry elements; point groups; character tables;
selection rules.
6. Molecular spectroscopy : Rotational and vibrational spectra of diatomic molecules; electronic
spectra; IR and Raman activities selection rules; basic principles of magnetic resonance.
7. Chemical thermodynamics : Laws, state and path functions and their applications;
thermodynamic description of various types of processes; Maxwells relations; spontaneity and
equilibria; temperature and pressure dependence of thermodynamic quantities; Le Chatelier
principle; elementary description of phase transitions; phase equilibria and phase rule;
thermodynamics of ideal and non-ideal gases, and solutions.
8. Statistical thermodynamics : Boltzmann distribution; kinetic theory of gases; partition
functions and their relation to thermodynamic quantities calculations for model systems.
9. Electrochemistry : Nernst equation, redox systems, electrochemical cells; Debye Huckel
theory; electrolytic conductance Kohlrauschs law and its applications; ionic equilibria;
conductometric and potentiometric titrations.
10. Chemical kinetics : Empirical rate laws and temperature dependence; complex reactions;
steady state approximation; determination of reaction mechanisms; collision and transition state
theories of rate constants; unimolecular reactions; enzyme kinetics; salt effects; homogeneous
catalysis; photochemical reactions.
11. Colloids and surfaces : Stability and properties of colloids; isotherms and surface area;
heterogeneous catalysis.
12. Solid state: Crystal structures; Braggs law and applications; band structure of solids.
13. Polymer chemistry : Molar masses; kinetics of polymerization.
14. Data analysis : Mean and standard deviation; absolute and relative errors; linear regression;
covariance and correlation coefficient.

Organic Chemistry
1. IUPAC nomenclature of organic molecules including regio- and stereoisomers.
2. Principles of stereochemistry : Configurational and conformational isomerism in acyclic and
cyclic compounds; stereogenicity, stereoselectivity, enantioselectivity, diastereoselectivity and
asymmetric induction.
3. Aromaticity : Benzenoid and non-benzenoid compounds generation and reactions.
4. Organic reactive intermediates: Generation, stability and reactivity of carbocations,
carbanions, free radicals, carbenes, benzynes and nitrenes.
5. Organic reaction mechanisms involving addition, elimination and substitution reactions with
electrophilic, nucleophilic or radical species. Determination of reaction pathways.
6. Common named reactions and rearrangements applications in organic synthesis.
7. Organic transformations and reagents: Functional group interconversion including oxidations
and reductions; common catalysts and reagents ( organic, inorganic, organometallic and
enzymatic ). Chemo, regio and stereoselective transformations.
8. Concepts in organic synthesis: Retrosynthesis, disconnection, synthons, linear and convergent
synthesis, umpolung of reactivity and protecting groups.
9. Asymmetric synthesis : Chiral auxiliaries, methods of asymmetric induction substrate,
reagent and catalyst controlled reactions; determination of enantiomeric and diastereomeric
excess; enantio-discrimination. Resolution optical and kinetic.
10. Pericyclic reactions electrocyclisation, cycloaddition, sigmatropic rearrangements and other
related concerted reactions. Principles and applications of photochemical reactions in organic
chemistry.
11. Synthesis and reactivity of common heterocyclic compounds containing one or two
heteroatoms ( O, N, S ).
12. Chemistry of natural products: Carbohydrates, proteins and peptides, fatty acids, nucleic
acids, terpenes, steroids and alkaloids. Biogenesis of terpenoids and alkaloids.
13. Structure determination of organic compounds by IR, UV-Vis, 1H & 13C NMR and Mass
spectroscopic techniques.

Interdisciplinary topics

1. Chemistry in nanoscience and technology.

2. Catalysis and green chemistry.
3. Medicinal chemistry.
4. Supramolecular chemistry.
5. Environmental chemistry
UGC National Eligibility Test November Syllabus for General Paper on Teaching and
Research Aptitude 2017

The main objective is to assess the teaching and research capabilities of the candidates.
Therefore, the UGC NET Test is aimed at assessing the teaching and general / research aptitude
as well as their awareness.

They are expected to possess and exhibit cognitive abilities. Cognitive abilities include
comprehension, analysis, evaluation, understanding the structure of arguments and deductive and
inductive reasoning.

The candidates are also expected to have a general awareness and knowledge of sources of
information. They should be aware of interaction between people, environment and nature
resources and their impact on quality of life.

The details are given in the following sections :

Note :

1. Each section gets equal weightage : five questions and 10 marks from each section.
2. Whenever pictorial questions are set for the sighted candidates a passage followed by
equal number of questions should be set for the visually handicapped candidates.

I. UGC NET Teaching Aptitude :

Teaching : Nature, Objectives, Characteristics and Basic Requirements.

Learners Characteristics.
Factors affecting Teaching.
Methods of Teaching.
Teaching aids.
Evaluation Systems.

II. UGC NET Research Aptitude :

Research : Meaning, Characteristics and Types;

Steps of Research.
Methods of Research.
Research Ethics.
Paper, Articles, Workshop, Seminar, Conference and Symposium.
Thesis Writing : Its characteristics and format.

III. Reading Comprehension :

A passage to be set with questions to be answered.

IV. UGC NET Communication :

 Communication : Nature, Characteristics, Types, Barriers and Effective Classroom
Communication.

V. Reasoning ( including Mathematical ) :

Number Series; Letter Series; Codes.

Relationships; Classification.

VI. Logical Reasoning :

Understanding the Structure of Argument.

Evaluating and distinguishing Deductive and Inductive Reasoning.
Verbal Analogies; Word Analogy Applied Analogy.
Verbal Classification.
Reasoning Logical Diagrams; Simple Diagrammatic Relationship, Muliti
Diagrammatic Relationship.
Venn Diagram; Analytical Reasoning.

VII. Data Interpretation :

Sources, Acquisition and Interpretation of Data.

Quantitative and Qualitative Data.
Graphical Representation and Mapping of Data.

VIII. Information and Communication Technology ( ICT ) :

ICT : Meaning, Advantages, Disadvantages and Uses.

General Abbreviation and Terminology.
Basics of Internet and E mailing.

IX. People and Environment :

People and Environment Interaction.

Sources of Pollution.
Pollutants and their impact on Human Life, Exploitation of Natural and Energy
Resources.
Natural hazards and mitigation.

X. Higher Education System : Governance, Polity and Administration :

Structure of the Institutions for Higher Learning and Research in India; Formal and
Distance Education; Professional / Technical and General Education; Value Education;
Governance, Polity and Administration; Concept, Institutions and their Interactions.