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pH Scale and Indicators

The Big Idea: The pH scale is a measure of what happens to hydrogen ions
in solution

pH stands for "power of hydrogen."

pH Scale:
Range 0 to 14
Acids Less than 7
Bases More than 7
Neutral 7

Concentration
Number of molecules of an acid or a base in a certain amount of
solution affects pH.

Strength refers to ability of acid or base molecules to `produce

hydronium (H+) or hydroxide (OH-) ions.

Indicators:
Litmus turns red: turns blue for bases
Phenolphthalein colorless below pH 8.2; (acids)
Pink when pH above 8.2 (bases)
Special indicators Hydrion paper (pH Scale)
o Congo red Turns blue in acid
o Bromthymol Blue turns yellow in acid; dark blue in base

The degree of acidity of a solution is shown by its pH" number on a scale of

0 through 14. The neutral point is 7.

pH Scale:
neutral
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Strong weak weak bases strong bases
Acids acids
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Name: ______________________________ Date: _____________ Bell: _____ Pg. ____

Acids Notes
Acids: Any compound that increases the number of hydronium (H3O+) ions
in solution.

Hydrogen (H+) ions:

All acids contain the element hydrogen.
Ions are charged particles H+
When an acid dissolves in water hydrodrium ions form (H3O+)

Characteristics of ACIDS:
1. Sour taste
2. Always contain hydrogen and a nonmetal
3. Corrosive to metals, body tissues, clothing and others
4. Most acids are poisonous.
5. Indicator reactions:
a. Will turn blue litmus paper red
b. Turns liquid bromthymol blue to yellow
c. Cause phenolphthalein solution to remain clear.
6. Low pH scale reading. (Below 7)
7. Conduct electricity in solution.