PRIMARY AUTHORITIES

NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
A. CONSTITUTIONS
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
1. Incumbent Constitution
{Short Title or statute number}, {pinpoint citation}.
{ABBREVIATED STATE OR COUNTRY} CONST. {pinpoint citation}.
Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act of 2004, 15.
PHIL. CONST. art. VI, 1. Republic Act No. 10757, 4.
PHIL. CONST. art. VI, 2, para. 2 & art. IX, 2, para. 3. Republic Act No. 9700, 2 (also known as the CARPER Act).
US. CONST. art. II, 2.
MYAN. CONST. art. para. 404 (a). 3. Amendment, Repeal and Invalidation of Statutes

NOTE: Do not use supra or Id. {Full Title} [{Short Title, if any}], {statute number}, {pinpoint citation} ({year})
({Abbreviated State or Country Name} ({repealed, as amended, invalidated}).
2. Repealed Constitution
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
{Year of Adoption} {ABBREVIATED STATE OR COUNTRY} CONST. {pinpoint citation}
(superseded {year}). *indicate year
*no need to use indication when using Id.
1935 PHIL. CONST. art. I, 1 (superseded 1973).
1973 PHIL. CONST. art. II, 2 (superseded 1987). A Decree Instituting a Labor Code Thereby Revising and Consolidating
Labor and Social Laws to Afford Protection to Labor, Promote
NOTE: Do not use supra or Id. Employment and Human Resources Development and Insure Industrial
Peace Based on Social Justice [LABOR CODE], Presidential Decree No.
3. Records of Constitutional Proceedings 442, 4 (1974) (as amended).
Id.
{Volume Number, if any} {OFFICIAL TITLE OF THE RECORD OR JOURNAL}, {SESSION An Act Revising the Penal Code and Other Penal Laws [REVISED PENAL
NUMBER, IF ANY}, {pinpoint citation} ({year}) ({Abbreviated State of Country Name}). CODE], Act No. 3815, 202 (1930) (repealed 2011).
Id.
3 JOURNAL OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION NO. 91, at 1033 (1934). An Act Providing for a National Policy on Responsible Parenthood and
OFFICIAL RECORD OF THE DEBATES OF THE AUSTRALASIAN FEDERAL Reproductive [The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act
CONVENTION, 2D SESSION., at 9 (1980). of 2012], Republic Act No. 10354, 23 (a) (I) (2012) (invalidated by
Imbong v. Ochoa, Jr., 721 SCRA 146 (2014)).
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper. Republic Act. No. 7659 (repealed).
The Responsible Parenthood and Reproductive Health Act of 2012, 23
SUBSEQUENT CITATION: (a) (3) (invalidated).

{Volume Number, if any} {ABBREVIATED TITLE}, {PERTINENT CONSTITUTION}, {SESSION C. LOCAL AND FOREIGN CASES
NUMBER}, {pinpoint citation}.
1. Reported Cases
3 JOURNAL, 1935 PHIL. CONST., at 1075.
RECORD, AUSTL. CONST., 2D. SESS., at 5. {Case Title}, {volume number} {abbreviated name of reporter} {first page of the
Id. report}, {pinpoint citation} ({court abbreviation} {year}) ({Abbreviated State or Country
Name}).
B. CODES AND STATUTES
Marcos, Jr. v. Republic, 719 SCRA 1 (2014).
1. Codes People v. Echegaray, 257 SCRA 561, 567 (1996).

{Full Title} [{SHORT TITLE}], {Statue Number}, {pinpoint citation} ({publisher, if not
published by State Officials} {year}), ({Abbreviated State of Country Name}).
An Act Revising the Penal Code and Other Penal Laws [REVISED PENAL
CODE], Act. No. 3815, art. 2 (1932)
Code Penal [C. PEN.], art. 111-113 (Fr.).
Penal Code of California [CAL. PENAL CODE], 25 (West 2011), (U.S.)
An Act to Ordain and Institute the Civil Code of the Philippines [CIVIL
CODE], Republic Act. No. 386 (1950)
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
Omit of the Philippines
NOTE:
No need to indicate the deciding court if the case was decided or resolved
by the highest court of a State or Country
No need to indicate country if Philippine Case
Cite from the official reporters, commercial reporter only if a faithful
reproduction of court
Omit the names of all the parties other than those first listed
Do not cause ambiguity.
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:

SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
{SHORT TITLE}, {pinpoint citation}.
REVISED PENAL CODE, art. 171-173.
Id. art. 180, para. 2.
CAL. PENAL CODE, 95 (a).
C. PEN., art. 111 & 112.
2. Statues
{Full Title} [{Short Title, if any}], {statute number}, {pinpoint citation} ({year})
({Abbreviated State or Country Name}.
An Act Defining Violence Against Women and Their Children, Providing
for Protective Measures for Victims, Prescribing Penalties Therefore, and
for Other Purposes [Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act
of 2004], Republic Act No. 9262, 8 (2004).
An Act Reducing the Retirement Age of Surface Mine Workers from Sixty
(60) to Fifty (50) Years, Amending for the Purpose Article 302 of
Presidential Decree No. 442, as Amended, Otherwise Known as the
Labor Code of the Philippines, Republic Act No. 10757, 2 (2015).
An Act Strengthening the Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program
(CARP), Extending the Acquisition and Distribution of All Agricultural
Lands, Instituting Necessary Reforms, Amending for the Purpose Certain
Provisions of Republic Act No. 6657, Otherwise Known as the
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law of 1988, as Amended, and
Appropriating Funds Thereof, Republic Act No. 9700, 3 (2009) (also
known as the CARPER Act.).
{Abbreviated Case Title}, {volume number} {abbreviated name of reporter} {pinpoint
citation}.
Marcos, Jr., 719 SCRA at 3.
Echegaray, 257 SCRA at 567.
NOTE:
Phil. Philippine Reports Official Reporter
SCRA Supreme Court Reports Annotated Commercial Reporter
2. Cases Available Online under Official Domain
{Case Title}, {case or docket number}, {date}, {pinpoint citation}, available at {internet
address} (last accessed {date}) ({Abbreviated State or Country Name}).
Mary Grace Natividad S. Poe-Llamanzares v, Commision on Elections,
G.R. No. 221697, Mar. 8, 2016, at 21, available at
http://sc.juciary.gov.ph/pdf/web/viewer.html?file=/jurisprudence/2016/ma
rch2016/221697.pdf (last accessed Apr. 18, 2016).
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
{Abbreviated Case Title}, case or docket number}, {pinpoint citation}.
Leung Hon Wei, FACV 2/ 2015.
Poe-Llamanzares, G.R. No. 221697, at 28.
Id.
 2. Congressional Resolutions
3. Cases Available on Commercial Electronic Databases
{Title, if needed}, {H. or S. Res. No.} {pinpoint citation, if any}, {legislature}, {session
{Case Name}, {database identifier}, {pinpoint citation} ({court abbreviation} {year}) ({year}).
({database name}, {abbreviated State or Country Name}).
th
S. Res. No. 1722, 16 Cong., 3d Reg. Sess. (2016).
th st
Albrecht v. Stranczel, No. 87-C9535, 1991 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5088, at *1 H. Res. No. 1942, 16 Cong., 1 Sess. (2015).
(N.D. III. 1991).
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
{Abbreviated Case Title}, {database identifier}, {pinpoint citation}.
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
th
McNamara v. Astrue, No. 09-1124, 2010 WL 10392 (8 Cir. 2010)
(Westlaw, U.S.). {H. or S. Res. No.}, {pinpoint citation, if any}.
Albrecht, 1991 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 5088, at *7.
Id. S. Res. No. 1722
Id.
4. Cases Unreported and Unavailable Online
3. Committee Reports
{Case Title}, {case or docket number} ({deciding court or agency} {year} (unreported).
{Title of Relevant Bill, if needed}, {Committee}, {H. or S. Rep. No.}, {legislature},
Pronstoller v. Studio 5 Designs, Inc., Civil Case No. 109600 (RTC 2015) {session} ({year}).
(unreported)
H.B. No. 3617, Committee on Higher and Technical Education, H. Rep.
th st
{Abbreviated Case Title}, {case or docket number}, {pinpoint citation}. No. 21, 16 Cong., 1 Reg. Sess. (2013).
S.B. Np. 3403, Committee on Public Order and Dangerous Drugs Acts,
th
Pronstoller, Civil Case No. 109600 (unreported). 15 Cong., 3d Reg. Sess. (2013).

5. Pending Cases NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.

{Case Pending}, {case or docket number} ({court abbreviation}, {date of filing or other SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
significant date}) (pending).
{H. or S. Rep. No.} {report number}, {pinpoint citation}.
People of the Philippines v. Assisting RTC Judge Salise, CA-G.R. No.
57231 (CA, filed Dec. 11, 2012) (pending). H. Rep. No. 21.
Id.
{Abbreviated Case Title), {docket number} (pending).
4. Congressional Records
Salise, CA-G.R. No. 57231 (pending).
Id. {CONG. REC.}, {volume and record number}, {pinpoint citation}, {legislature}, {session}
({date}).
6. Opinions Other than the Majority Opinion
th
CONG. REC., Vol. I-II, at 2, 16 Cong., 3d. Reg. Sess. (Aug. 18, 2015).
Imbong v. Ochoa, Jr., 721 SCRA 146, 392 (2014) (C.J. Sereno,
concurring and dissenting opinion). NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
Id. at 403.
Lee v. Weisman, 505 U.S. 577, 589 (1991) (J. Scalia, dissenting opinion). SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
Imbong, 721 SCRA at 496 (J. Brion, concurring opinion).
Id. at 292 (majority opinion). {CONG. REC.} {volume and record number}, {pinpoint citation}.

7. Pleadings, Transcript of Stenographic Notes, CONG. REC., Vol. I-II, at 3.

Interlocutory Orders, and Other Court Documents Id.

{Document Title}, {date, if any}, {pinpoint citation} ({physical repository}), in {pertinent 5. Congressional Journals
case citation}.
{Volume, if any} {H. OR S. JOURNAL} {JOURNAL OR SESSION NUMBER}, {pinpoint
NOTE: supra may be used. citation}, {legislature}, {session} ({date}).
th st
T.S.N., at 22 (on file with Cagayan de Oro City RTC, Branch 40), in Afredo S. JOURNAL NO. 83, at 1331, 15 Cong., 1 Red Sess. (May 16, 2011).
th st
Fernandez v. Ronaldo Chua, Civil Case No. 1429 (RTC, filed Apr. 21, H. JOURNAL NO. 2, at 16, 16 Cong., 1 Reg. Sess., (July 23, 2013).
2008) (pending).
Motion for Reconsideration by the Accused, Nov. 16, 2015, at 3 (on file NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
with Sandiganbayan, Third Division), in People of the Philippines v.
Avelino C. Ceriola, SB-14-CRM-0420 (Sandiganbayan 2016) SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
(unreported).
T.S.N., supra note 74, at 6. {Volume number, if any} {H. OR S. JOURNAL} {JOURNAL OR SESSION NUMBER},
Id. {pinpoint citation}.

D. LEGISLATIVE MATERIALS S. JOURNAL NO. 83, at 1340-1341.

Id.
1. Legislative Bills
E. EXECUTIVE AND ADMINISTRTIVE MATERIALS
{Title, if needed}, {H.B. or S.B. No.}, {pinpoint citation, if any}, {legislature}, {session}
({year}). 1. Executive Issuances
th st
H.B. No. 23, 7, 16 Congress, 1 Reg. Sess. (2013). {Issuing Agency}, {Title, if any}, {Issuance or Series Number, if any} [{Short/
An Act Providing a System of Extending No-Collateral, Low-Interest Abbreviated Title, if any}], {volume and reporter, if any} {pinpoint citation} ({date}).
Loans to Graduates of any Courses Offered by the Technical Education
and Skills Authority or Duly Accredited Learning Institutions with Office of the President, Establishing a System to Ensure Smooth Flw of
th
Approved Overseas Job Contract, S.B. No. 3593, 14 Congress, 3d Reg. Transaction in Government and Prompt Response to Public Request,
Sess. (2010). Memorandum Circular Order No. 60 [Memo. Circ. 60] 89 O.G. 4747 (July
8, 1993).
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper. Securities and Exchange Commission, Enforcement of Republic Act No.
950 Over Financing Companies, Memorandum Circular No. 3, Series of
SUBSEQUENT CITATION: 2016 [SEC Memo. Circ. No. 3, s. 2016] (Apr. 5, 2016).
Office of the President, Creating an Inter-Agency Committee to Oversee
{H.B. or S.B. No.}, {pinpoint citation}. the Review, Implementation and Monitoring of the United Nations
Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC), Executive Order No. 171,
H.B. No. 23, 3. Series of 2014 [E.O. No. 171, s. 2014] (Sep. 5, 2014).
Id.
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
{Short title, if any, otherwise use the issuance or series number}, {pinpoint citation}.
SEC. Memo. Circ. No. 3, s. 2016, whereas cl. para. I.
Id.
2. Advisory Opinions
{Issuing Agency}, {Title, if any}, {Issuance or Series Number, if any}, {pinpoint citation}
({date}).
Department of Justice, Advisory on Plagiarism, Advisory Opinion No. 02,
Series of 2012, at I (Se. 18, 2012).
Department of Justice, Advisory for Motorists Regarding Road Safety,
Advisory Opinion No. 03, Series of 2011, at 2 (May 30, 2011).
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
{Abbreviated Name of Issuing Agency}, {Issuance or Series Number, if any}, {pinpoint
citation}.
DOJ, Advisory Opinion No. 02, s. 2012, at 6.
Id.
3. Implementing Rules and Regulation
{Issuing Agency, if needed}, Rules and Regulation Implementing {Title of Statute},
{statute number}, {pinpoint citation}, ({year}).
Rules and Regulations Implementing the Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving
Act of 2013, Republic Act No. 10586, rule III, I (2014).
Department of Education, Rules and Regulations Implementing Anti-
Bullying Act of 2013, rule IV (2013).
Id.
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
Rules and Regulations Implementing {Short Title, if any, otherwise use the statute
number}, {pinpoint citation}.
Rules and Regulations Implementing the Anti-Drunk and Drugged Driving
Act of 2013, rule II, I.
F. JUDICIAL ISSUANCES
1. Supreme Court Circulars and Administrative Orders
Supreme Court, {Title, if any}, {Issuance or Series Number, if
[{Short/Abbreviated Title, if applicable}], {pinpoint citation} ({date}).
Supreme Court, Re: Rules and Guideline in the Filing and Prosecution of
Criminal Cases under Batas Pambansa Blg. 22, Circular No. 57-97 [SC
Circ. No. 57-97], para. I (Sep. 16, 1997).
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
{Short Title, if any, otherwise use the issuance or series number}, {pinpoint citation}.
SC A.O. No. 28-2015, at I.
SC Circ. No. 57-97, para. 2.
Id.
2. Bar Matters
A Philippine Bar Matter may be in the form of a case or a Supreme Court Issuance.
Case Rule on Cases
Issuances Preceding Rule
Supreme Court, Adopting the Rules for the Special Shariah Bar Examinations, Bar
Matter No. 2716 [B.M. No. 2716] (Aug. 11, 2015)
3. Issuances from the Office of the Court Administrator
Office of the Court Administrator, {Title, if any}, {Issuance or Series Number, if any}
[{Short Title, if applicable}]
Office of the Court Administrator, Reminder on the Rule Regarding
Gambling and Casinos, OCA Circular No. 231-2015, para. 2 (Oct. 12,
2015).
Office of the Court Administrator, Guidelines on the On-The-Job Training
and Legal Apprenticeship Program for College and Law Students in the
Lower Courts, OCA Circular No. 75-2016, at I (Mar. 2016).
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
{Short Title, if any, otherwise use the issuance or series number}, {pinpoint citation}.
OCA Circular No. 231-2015, para. 2
Id.
G. ORDINANCES
{Ordinance No.}, Sangguniang {Bayan, Panlungsod, Panlalawigan} of {Municipality,
City, Province}, {Title of Ordinance} [{Short Title, if any}], {pinpoint citation} ({date}).
Ordinance No. 013-2013, Sangguniang Bayan of the Municipality of
Carmona, An Ordinance Requiring Business Establishments Operating
Within the Territorial Jurisdiction of the Municipality of Carmona, Cavite
to Install, Operate and Maintain Closed-Circuit Television Surveillance
System Within Their Premises, Providing Penalties for Violation Thereof
and for Other Purposes [CCTVSS Ordinance of Carmona, Cavite], 8
(Nov. 29, 2013).
Ordinance No. 2015-120, Sangguniang Panlalawigan of the Province of
Iloilo, Sanitation Code of the Province of Iloilo [Sanitation Code of the
Province of Iloilo], 18 (Apr. 21, 2015).
NOTE: Do not use supra but Id. may be used when proper.
SUBSEQUENT CITATION:
{Short Title, if any}, {pinpoint citation}.
CCTVSS Ordinance of Carmona, Cavite, 6.
Id.
H. RULES OF PROCEDURE
1. Legislative Rules of Procedure
{Legislative Body} {Title} [{Short Title, if any}], {pinpoint citation}, {legislature} ({date}).
H. Rules of Procedure in Impeachment Proceedings [H. Rules on
th
Impeachment], rule II, 3, 16 Cong. (July 24, 2013).
S. Rules of Procedure Governing in Aid of Legislation [S. Rules on
th
Inquiries in Aid of Legislation], 2, 10 Cong. (Aug. 21, 1995).
{Short Title}, {Pinpoint Citation}.
H. Rules on Impeachment, rule II, 3.
Id.
2. Rules of Procedure of Administrative Agencies
{Issuing Agency}, {Title} [{Short Title}], {pinpoint citation} ({date}).
any}
Securities and Exchange Commission, 2006 Rules of Procedure of the
Securities and Commission [2006 Rules of Procedure of the Securities
and Commission], rule II, 2-I (Dec. 21, 2006).
Department of Energy, Rules of Practice and Procedure Before the
Department of Energy [Rules of Practice and Procedure Before the
Department of Energy], rule 13, I (July 31, 2002).
{Short Title}, {Pinpoint Citation}.
2006 Rules of Procedure of the Securities and Exchange Commission,
rule II, 2.
Id.
3. Rules of Procedure Within the Rules of Court
{Year} {TITLE OF RULES}, {rule number}, {pinpoint citation}.
2000 REVISED RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, rule 110, 4.
1997 RULES OF CIVIL PROCEDURE, rule 41, 2 (a).
{TITLE OF RULES}, {rule number}, {pinpoint citation}.
REVISED RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, rule 110, 2.
Id.
4. Rules of Procedure Issued by the Supreme Court Not
Incorporated in the Rules of Court
{TITLE OF RULES}, {Issuance Number}, {pinpoint citation} ({date}).
JUDICIAL AFFIDAVIT RULE, A.M. No. 12-8-8-SC, 6 (Sep. 4, 2012).
FINANCIAL REHABILITATION RULES OF PROCEDURE, A.M. No. 12-12-11-SC,
31 (Aug. 27, 20130)
{TITLE OF RULES}, {pinpoint citation}.
JUDICIAL AFFIDAVIT RULE, 8.
Id.
 5. Superseded Rules of Court Jorge R. Coquia, Annotation, The Enforcement of the Hawaii District
Court Judgment Awarding $2.5 Billion to Human Rights Victims Under
{Year} {TITLE OF RULES}, {rule number}, {pinpoint citation} (superseded {year}). the Marcos Administration, 455 SCRA 427, 428 (2005).

1985 RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, rule 112, 6 (a) (superseded 2000).
1983 RULES ON SUMMARY PROCEDURE IN SPECIAL CASES, rule 112, 10
(superseded 1991).
{Year of Issuance} {TITLE OF RULES}, {rule number}, {pinpoint citation}.
8. Prefaces, Forewords, Introductions and Epilogues
{Author} Introduction, Preface, Foreword, Epilogue to {AUTHOR}, {TITLE} (pinpoint
citation of preface, foreword, epilogue, et al.} ({year of publication} or {edition number}
{year of edition}).

1985 RULES OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE, rule 112, 6. Ricardo Paras, Forweord to JOSE Y. FERIA & MARIA CONCEPCION S. NOCHE,
Id. CIVIL PROCEDURE ANNOTATED iii (2011).
xxx
SECONDARY AUTHORITIES Paras, supra note 173, at iii.

I. BOOKS AND OTHER NON-PERIODIC MATERIALS 9. Special Citation Forms

th
1. Single Author BLACKS LAW DICTIONARY 687 (10 ed. 2014)
MERRIAM-WEBSTER DICTIONARY 345 (2016 ed.)
{AUTHOR}, {TITLE} {pinpoint citation} ({year of publication} or {edition number} {year of 1 Corinthians 3: 18-20 (American Standard).
edition}) BLACKS LAW DICTIONARY 454.
1 Corinthians 3: 18-20.
WILLIARD B. RIANO, EVIDENCE (THE BAR LECTURE SERIES) 230 (2013).
JOAQIN G. BERNAS, S.J., THE 1987 CONSTITUTION OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE J. JOURNALS AND PERIODICAL ARTICLES
PHILIPPINES: A COMMENTARY 1195 (2009 ed.).
RIANO, supra note 147, at 116. 1. Consecutively Paginated Journals
Id.
{Author}, {Title}, {volume number} {ABBREVIATED NAME OF JOURNAL} {first page of the
2. Two Authors work}, {pinpoint citation} ({year}).

{FIRST AUTHOR} & {SECOND AUTHOR}, {TITLE} {pinpoint citation} ({year of publication} or Sedfrey M. Candelaria, Testing Constitutional Waters IV: Power of the
{edition number} {year of edition}) Purse in Light of the Belgica and Araullo Rulings, 59 ATENEO L.J. 317, 327
(2015).
CESAR L. VILLANUEVA & TERESA S. VILLANUEVA-TIANSAY, PHILIPPINE xxx
CORPORATE LAW 435 (2013). Candelaria, supra note 183, at 344.
JOSE C. VITUG & ERNESTO D. ACOSTA, TAX LAW AND JURISPRUDENCE 150 Id.
th
(4 ed. 2014).
VILLANUEVA & VILLANUEVA-TISAY, supra note 151, at 67. 2. Non-Consecutively Paginated Journals
Id.
{Author}, {Title}, {ABBREVIATED NAME OF JOURNAL}, (date, month, quarter, period or
3. More than Two Authors year; or volume number, issue number}, {pinpoint citation}.

{FIRST AUTHOR}, ET. AL., {TITLE} {pinpoint citation} ({year of publication} or {edition Akbar Nasir Khan, The U.S. Policy of Targeted Killing by Drones in
number} {year of edition}) Pakistan, IPRI J., Winter 2011, at 4.
xxx
MITSUO MATSUSHITA, ET. AL., THE WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION: LAW, Khan, supra note 188, at 5.
PRACTICE, AND POLICY (2d. ed. 2015).
PETER J. WANG, ET. AL., COMPETITION LAW IN CHINA: LAWS, REGULATIONS, 3. Magazine Articles
AND CASES 58-59 (2014).
MATSHUSHITA, ET. AL., supra note 156, at 75. {Author}, {Title}, {NAME OF MAGAZINE}, {date, month, quarter, period or year}, (pinpoint
Id. citation}.

4. Multi-Volume Work Maria Wilczek, Overcapacity in China, ECONOMIST, Apr. 2016, at 16-17.

{Volume Number} {AUTHOR/S}, {TITLE}, {pinpoint citation} ({year of publication} or 4. Signed Newspaper Articles in Print
{edition number} {year of edition})
{Author}, {Headline}, {ABBREVIATION OF NEWSPAPER}, {date}, {pinpoint citation}.
2 OSCAR B. HERRERA, REMEDIAL LAW, at 150 (2007).
2 EUFROCINA M. SACDALAN-CASASOLA, NATIONAL INTERNAL REVENUE CODE Dona Z. Pazzibugan, Ongpin et al. probed in P9B Meralco Deal, PHIL.
(ANNOTATED), at 275 (2013). DAILY INQ., Sept. 25, 2015, at A1.
2 HERRERA, supra note 160, at 112. xxx
Id. Pazzibugan, supra note 193, at A1.
Id.
5. With Editor or Translator
K. INTERNET SOURCES
{AUTHOR}, {TITLE} {pinpoint citation} ({Editor/translator} ed(s). / trans., {year})
1. Internet Sources in General
NICCOLO MACHIAVELLI, THE PRINCE 45-40 (W.K. Mariot trans., 1908).
GLOBALISATION AND THE RULE OF LAW (CHALLENGES OF GLOBALISATION) {Author or Organization, if any}, {Title} ({description of material, if necessary})
(Spencer Zifcak ed., 2004). {pinpoint citation, if possible}, available at {internet address} (last accessed {date}).
MACHIAVELLI, supra note 165, at 47-49.
Id. Philippine Statistics Authority, The 2010 Census of Population and
Housing Reveals the Philippine Population at 92.34 Million, available at
6. Works in Collections http://psa.gov.ph (last accessed Mar. 17, 2015) (follow the hyperlink
Population to access the cited page}.
{Author}, {Title of the shorter work, if any}, in {TITLE OF THE WHOLE COLLECTIONS} xxx
{pinpoint citation} ({year of publication} or {edition number} {year of edition}). Philippine Statistics Authority, supra note 200.

Tarcisio Gazzini, Article 22, in THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON 2. News Article Online
JURISPRUDENTIAL IMMUNITIES OF STATES AND THEIR PROPERTY: A
COMMENTARY 350 (Roger OKeede & Christiand Tams eds., 2013). {Author, if available}, {Headline}, {ABBREVIATION OF NEWSPAPER}, {date of publication
xxx or report}, available at {internet address} (last accessed {date}).
Gazzini, supra note 169, at 349.
PH Supreme Court lifts ban on overseas election campaigning, PHIL.
7. Annotations DAILY INQ., Apr. 21, 2016, available at {internet address} (last accessed
Apr. 22, 2016).
{Author}, Annotation, {Title}, {volume number} (reporter} (first page of annotation}, xxx
{pinpoint citation} ({year}). PHIL. DAILY INQ., supra note 202.
Id.
 3. Social Media xxx
Villanueva, supra note 234.
{Author}, {username, if available}, {description of content}, {title of cited content, if
any}, {date of posting}{:time of publication, if available}, {SOCIAL MEDIUM} available at 2. Transcribed Speeches
{interned address} (last accessed {date}).
{Speaker}, {title and institutional affiliation, if any}, {Title of speech, if any} Address/
Official Gazette, @govph, Tweet, Apr. 18, 2016: 10:47 a.m., TWITTER, Remarks at {event or place of address} ({date of address}) ({transcript on file with /
available at twitter.com/goph/status?722300595110047744 (last available at {location of transcript/ internet address} (last accessed {date}).
accessed Apr. 22, 2016).
xxx Artemio V. Panganiban, Retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court,
th
Official Gazette, supra note 207. Bulwark of Filipino Catholicism, Remarks at the 5 Manila Cathedral-
Id. Basilica (MCB) Pope Organ Concert at the Manila Cathedral-Basilica
(Nov. 12, 2010) (transcript on file with Ateneo Professional Schools
L. THESES AND UNPUBLISHED MATERIALS Library).
xxx
1. Dissertations and Theses Panganiban, supra note 238.
Id.
{Author}, {Title}, {pinpoint citation} ({date}) ({type of work}, {institution which awarded
the degree}) ({physical repository}). NOTE: if the speech do not have a formal title, provide a description.
This rule is not applicable when the speech is published as part of a print
William M. Howard, Mandatory Arbitration of Employment Discrimination collection apply Works in Collections
Dispute: Can Justice be Served?, at 5 (May 1995) (unpublished Ph. D. This rule applies even if transcript is available online.
dissertation, Arizona State University) (on file with Author). o (transcript available at {internet address} (last accessed
xxx {date})).
Howard, supra note 213, at 3.
Id. SHORT CITATION FORMS

2. Memoranda, Letter, Electronic Mail, and Other supra used to subsequently cite an authority which has been fully cited previously,
Correspondences when no specific short citation form has been specifically provided in ALJ LCG.
No author use title of the document
{Description of document} from (Author} {title or institutional affiliation, if any} to No title use resolution number
{Addressee}, {title or institutional affiliation, if any} ({date}) ({physical repository}).
Id. (1) immediately preceding authority within the same footnote or (2) immediately
Letter from Peter A. Pagtanan & Eisson G. Isleta to Ellen Mar C. De Leon preceding footnote
(Feb. 16, 2003) (on file with Author). Id. At 385 (citing Mitra v. Commission on Elections, 622 SCRA 744, 766
xxx (2010)).
Pagtanan & Isleta, supra note 220.
Id.

3. Press Release and Other Unpublished Papers

{Description of the document} by {Author, if any}, {title and institutional affiliation, if

any}, {title of press release, if any} ({date}) ({physical repository}).

Press Release by the Securities and Exchange Commission, SEC

Strenghtens Money Laundering Rules (Mar. 17, 2016) (on file with
Author).
xxx
Security and Exchange Commission, supra note 225.
Id.

M. INTERVIEWS
1. Interviews Conducted by Author

Interview with {name of interviewee}, in {location of the interview} / through {medium

of interview} ({date of interview}).

Interview with Atty. Ignatius Michael D. Ingles, through Skype (Apr. 15,
2016).

Interview with {name}, supra note {footnote number of initial citation}.

xxx
Interview with Atty. Ignatius Michael D. Ingles, supra note 277.
Id.

2. Interviews Not Conducted by Author

Interview by {name of interviewer} with {name of interviewee} in {location of the

interview} / through {medium of interview} ({date of interview}).

Interview by Harry Rondo with Magdangal M. de Leon, Associate Justice,

Court of Appeals, through Facebook (Jan. 5, 2015).

Interview by {name of interviewer} with {name of interviewee}, supra note {footnote

number of initial citation}.

xxx
Interview by Harry Rondo with Magdangal M. de Leon, supra note 232.
Id.

N. SPEECHES

1. Unpublished and Untranscribed Speeches

{Speaker}, {title and institutional affiliation, if any}, {Title of speech, if any} Address/
Remarks at {event or place of address} ({date}).

Cesar L. Villanueva, Dean, Ateneo de Manila University School of Law,

th
Opening Remarks at the Ateneo Law Journal 60 Anniversary
Commemorative Dinner (Sep. 10, 2011).