Lexicomp Online 3/19/17, 9(05 PM

Alcohol (Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference)

Drug Nomenclature
Form and Weight: C2H5OH = 46.07

CAS: 64-17-5

Note: Use in Sport. Alcohol may be restricted in certain sports (see Refer to ) and competitors should check with the appropriate sports
authorities.

Pharmacopoeias: Various strengths are included in Br. , Chin. , Eur. (see Refer to ), Int. , Jpn , US , and Viet. Also in USNF . In Martindale
the term alcohol is used for alcohol 95 or 96% v/v.Ph. Eur. 8 ( Ethanol, Anhydrous ; Ethanolum Anhydricum ; Ethanol BP 2016). It
contains not less than 99.5% v/v or 99.2% w/w of C2H5OH at 20 degrees. A colourless, clear, volatile, flammable, hygroscopic liquid; it
burns with a blue, smokeless flame. B.p. about 78 degrees. Miscible with water and with dichloromethane. Protect from light. The BP
2016 gives Absolute Alcohol and Dehydrated Alcohol as approved synonyms.Ph. Eur. 8 ( Ethanol (96 per cent) ). It contains not less than
95.1% v/v or 92.6% w/w and not more than 96.9% v/v or 95.2% w/w of C2H5OH at 20 degrees, and water. A colourless, clear, volatile,
flammable, hygroscopic liquid; it burns with a blue, smokeless flame. B.p. about 78 degrees. Miscible with water and with
dichloromethane. Protect from light. The BP 2016 gives Alcohol (96 per cent) as an approved synonym.BP 2016 ( Dilute Ethanols ). The
monograph describes several dilute alcohols containing between 20 and 90% v/v of C2H5OH, and one of these, ethanol (90%), is also
known as rectified spirit .USP 39 ( Alcohol ). It contains not less than 92.3% w/w or 94.9% w/v and not more than 93.8% w/w or 96.0% w/v
of C2H5OH at 15.56 degrees. A clear, colourless, mobile, volatile liquid with a characteristic odour and burning taste; it is flammable. B.p.
about 78 degrees. Miscible with water and with almost all other organic solvents. Store in airtight containers. Protect from light.USP 39 (
Dehydrated Alcohol ). It contains not less than 99.5% v/v or 99.2% w/w of C2H5OH (sp. gr. not more than 0.7962 at 15.56 degrees). Store
in airtight containers. Protect from light.USNF 34 ( Diluted Alcohol ). It contains 48.4 to 49.5% v/v or 41 to 42% w/w of C2H5OH. Store
away from fire in airtight containers.

Edit Dates: 18-Feb-1998; 14-Sep-1998; 26-Feb-2001; 16-Nov-2001; 14-Jun-2004; 30-May-2006; 08-Sep-2008; 21-Jul-2010; 04-Nov-
2016

Synonyms Aethanolum; Alcohol etlico; Alcool; Alkol; Etanol; Etanol (96%); Etanol bezwodny; Etanoli; Etanolis; Ethanol; Ethanolum;
Ethyl Alcohol; thanol; ; ; ; ; (anhydrous)

Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification

D08AX08
V03AB16
V03AZ01

ATC Code (veterinary)

QD08AX08
QV03AB16
QV03AZ01

Street Name

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Sodium Chloride (Lexi-Drugs)

Drug Shortages One or more forms of this drug may be in short supply or unavailable. Refer to the following for additional
information:

ASHP: http://www.ashp.org/menu/DrugShortages

ASPEN: https://www.nutritioncare.org/Professional_Resources/Drug_Shortages_Update/

FDA: http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/drugshortages/dsp_ActiveIngredientDetails.cfm?AI=Sodium Chloride 0.9per Injection

Bags&st=c&tab=tabs-1 and http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/drugshortages/dsp_ActiveIngredientDetails.cfm?AI=Sodium
Chloride 23.4per Injection&st=c&tab=tabs-1

SCCM: http://www.learnicu.org/Lists/Web%20Contents/Attachments/11221/DrugShortage-3-6-14.pdf

Pronunciation (SOW dee um KLOR ide)

Brand Names: US 4-Way Saline [OTC]; Afrin Saline Nasal Mist [OTC]; Allclenz [OTC] [DSC]; Altachlore [OTC]; Altamist Spray
[OTC]; Atrapro Dermal Spray; Ayr Nasal Mist Allergy/Sinus [OTC]; Ayr Saline Nasal Drops [OTC]; Ayr Saline Nasal Gel [OTC]; Ayr Saline
Nasal Neti Rinse [OTC]; Ayr Saline Nasal No-Drip [OTC]; AYR Saline Nasal Rinse [OTC]; Ayr Saline Nasal [OTC]; Ayr [OTC]; Baby Ayr
Saline [OTC]; Broncho Saline [OTC]; Deep Sea Nasal Spray [OTC]; DiaB Klenz [OTC]; Elta Dermal Wound Cleanser [OTC]; Entsol Nasal
Wash [OTC]; Entsol Nasal [OTC]; Entsol [OTC]; Humist [OTC]; HyperSal; MicroKlenz Wound Cleanser [OTC]; Muro 128 [OTC]; Na-Zone
[OTC]; Nasal Moist [OTC]; Nebusal; Ocean Complete Sinus Rinse [OTC]; Ocean for Kids [OTC]; Ocean Nasal Moisturizer [OTC]; Ocean
Nasal Spray [OTC]; Ocean Ultra Saline Mist [OTC]; Pretz Irrigation [OTC]; Pretz [OTC]; PulmoSal; RadiaKlenz [OTC]; Remedy 4-in-1 Body
Cleanser [OTC]; Rhinaris [OTC]; Safe Wash [OTC]; Saline Flush ZR; Saline Mist Spray [OTC]; Saljet Rinse [OTC]; Saljet [OTC]; Sea Soft
Nasal Mist [OTC]; Sea-Clens Wound Cleanser [OTC]; Sochlor [OTC]; Sodium Chloride Thermoject Sys [DSC]; SwabFlush Saline Flush;
Ultra-Klenz [OTC]; Wound Wash Saline [OTC]

Pharmacologic Category Electrolyte Supplement, Parenteral; Genitourinary Irrigant; Irrigant; Lubricant, Ocular; Sodium Salt

Dosing: Adult
Refractory elevated ICP due to various etiologies (eg, subarachnoid hemorrhage, trauma, neoplasm), transtentorial herniation
syndromes (off-label use): IV: Hypertonic saline: 23.4% (30-60 mL) given over 2-20 minutes administered via central venous
access only (Koenig, 2008; Suarez, 1998; Ware, 2005)

Severe sepsis, initial fluid resuscitation (off-label use): IV: Normal saline (0.9% NaCl): Minimum of 30 mL/kg. Note: Administer within
3 hours of sepsis recognition for hypotension or lactate 4 mmol/L (36 mg/dL). Some patients may require more rapid administration
and/or greater amount of fluid for complete resuscitation (Dellinger, 2013).

Subarachnoid hemorrhage with hyponatremia (ie, 135 mEq/L) to enhance cerebral perfusion (off-label use): IV: Hypertonic
saline: 3% sodium chloride/acetate (50:50 mixture) 100-200 mL/hour administered via central venous catheter; titrate to clinical
response up to a maximum serum sodium between 150-160 mEq/L (achieved at a rate of 0.5-1 mEq/L/hour) (Suarez, 1999)

Traumatic brain injury with elevated ICP (off-label use): IV: Hypertonic saline: Note: Optimal dose has not been established; due to
insufficient evidence, the Brain Trauma Foundation guidelines (Bratton, 2007) do not make specific recommendations on the use of
hypertonic saline for the treatment of traumatic intracranial hypertension. Clinical trials are small; few are prospective. Some
concentrations may not be commercially available; administer via central venous catheter; protocols include:

3%: 300 mL administered over 20 minutes when ICP values exceed 20 mm Hg (Huang, 2006)

7.2%: 1.5 mL/kg administered over 15 minutes when ICP values exceed 15 mm Hg (Munar, 2000)

7.5%: 2 mL/kg administered over 20 minutes when ICP values exceed 25 mm Hg (Vialet, 2003)

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Benzalkonium Chloride (Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference)

Drug Nomenclature
CAS: 8001-54-5

Pharmacopoeias: In Chin. , Eur. (see Refer to ), Int. , and Jpn. Also in USNF . Some pharmacopoeias also have a monograph for a
solution. Chin. also includes benzalkonium bromide .Ph. Eur. 8 ( Benzalkonium Chloride ). A mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium
chlorides , the alkyl groups mainly having chain lengths of C12, C14, and C16. It contains not less than 95% and not more than 104% of
alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides, calculated as C22H40ClN with reference to the anhydrous substance. A white or yellowish-white
powder, or gelatinous, yellowish-white hygroscopic fragments. It forms a clear molten mass on heating. It contains not more than 10% of
water. Very soluble in water and in alcohol. An aqueous solution froths copiously when shaken.USNF 34 ( Benzalkonium Chloride ). A
mixture of alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chlorides of the general formula [C6H5.CH2.N(CH3)2.R]Cl, in which R represents a mixture of
the alkyls having chain lengths from C8 to C16. It contains not less than 40% of the C12H25compound, calculated on the anhydrous
substance, not less than 20% of the C14H29 compound, and not less than 70% of the 2 compounds together. A white or yellowish-white,
thick gel, or gelatinous pieces with a mild aromatic odour. It contains not more than 15% of water. Very soluble in water and in alcohol; the
anhydrous form is soluble 1 in 100 of ether and 1 in 6 of benzene. A solution in water is usually slightly alkaline and foams strongly when
shaken. Store in airtight containers.

Edit Dates: 13-Jan-1998; 15-Sep-1998; 26-Feb-2001; 16-Nov-2001; 14-Jun-2004; 30-May-2006; 08-Sep-2008; 21-Jul-2010; 08-Mar-2016

Synonyms Bensalkoniumklorid; Bentsalkoniumkloridi; Benzalconio Cloruro; Benzalconio, cloruro de; Benzalkonii chloridum;
Benzalkonio chloridas; Benzalkoniowy chlorek; Benzalkonium Chloratum; Benzalkonium, chlorure de; Benzalkonium-chlorid;
Benzalkoniumchlorid; Benzalkonyum Klorr; Benzalknium-klorid; Cloreto de Benzalconio; Cloruro de benzalconio; ;

British Approved Names

Benzalkonium Chloride

International Nonproprietary Names

Benzalkonii Chloridum [rINN (la)]
Benzalkonium Chloride [rINN (en)]
Benzalkonium, Chlorure de [rINN (fr)]
Cloruro de benzalconio [rINN (es)]
[rINN (ru)]
[ rINN (ar)]
[rINN (cn)]

Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification

D08AJ01
D09AA11

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Lexicomp Online 3/19/17, 9(11 PM

Glycerol (Martindale: The Complete Drug Reference)

Drug Nomenclature
Chemical Name: Propane-1,2,3-triol

Form and Weight: C3H8O3= 92.09

CAS: 56-81-5

Note: Use in Sport. Glycerol may be restricted in certain sports (see Refer to ) and competitors should check with the appropriate sports
authorities.

Pharmacopoeias: In Chin. , Eur. (see Refer to ), Int. , Jpn , US , and Viet. Eur. and Int. also include Glycerol (85 per cent).Ph. Eur. 8 (
Glycerol ). A clear, colourless or almost colourless, very hygroscopic, syrupy liquid, unctuous to the touch. Miscible with water and with
alcohol; slightly soluble in acetone; practically insoluble in fixed oils and in essential oils. Store in airtight containers.USP 39 ( Glycerin ). A
clear, colourless, hygroscopic, syrupy liquid. Has not more than a slight characteristic odour, which is neither harsh nor disagreeable.
Miscible with water and with alcohol; insoluble in chloroform, in ether, and in fixed and volatile oils. Its solutions are neutral to litmus. Store
in airtight containers.

Edit Dates: 23-Mar-1998; 01-Sep-1998; 30-Jan-2001; 09-Nov-2001; 03-Jun-2004; 12-Jul-2004; 25-Jul-2006; 08-Sep-2008; 05-Nov-2009;
02-Sep-2010; 08-Mar-2016

Synonyms E422; Glicerin; Glicerina; Glicerol; Glicerolis; Gliserin; Gliserol; Glisin; Glycerin; Glycerine; Glycerolum; Glycrol;
Glyseroli; , ; ;

International Nonproprietary Names

Glicerol [rINN (es)]
Glycerol [rINN (en)]
Glycerolum [rINN (la)]
Glycrol [rINN (fr)]
[rINN (ru)]
[ rINN (ar)]
[rINN (cn)]

Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical Classification

A06AG04
A06AX01

ATC Code (veterinary)

QA06AG04
QA06AX01
QA16QA03

Physicochemical Characteristics
Incompatibility

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