Professional Documents
Culture Documents
OUTLINE OF
PHILIPPINE CONSTITUTIONAL LAW
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I. IN GENERAL
A. Political Law defined
Sinco 67
Types on Constitutional Law
Sinco 67
Parts of the Constitution
C. Constitution defined
i. Pre-Spanish Regime
ii. Spanish Era
iii. American Occupation
1. Pre-Commonwealth
2. Commonwealth Period
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Civil Code, art. 7 (When the courts declare a law to be inconsistent with the
Constitution, the former shall be void and the latter shall govern.)
Serrano de Agbayani v. Philippine National Bank, 38 SCRA 429 (1971)
(Unconstitutional statute is not always void but on the contrary may
produce legal effects)
A. State defined
Const., Art. I
a. Treaty limits
4. Cases:
La Bugal
Joint Seismic Undertaking
C. People
b. People as citizens (Preamble; art. II, secs. 1 and 4; Art. III, sec. 7)
c. People as electors (Art. VII, sec. 4; art. XVI, sec. 2; art. XVIII, sec. 25)
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2. Citizenship
(1) President
Art. VII, sec. 2
(2) Vice President
Art. VII, sec. 3
(3) Members of Congress
Art. VI, secs. 3 and 6
(4) Justices of the Supreme Court and lower collegiate courts
Art. VIII, sec. 7(1)
(5) Ombudsman and his deputies
Art. XI, sec. 8
(6) Constitutional Commissions
Art. IX, B, sec. 1(1); art. IX, C, sec. 1(1); art. IX
(7) Members of the Central Monetary Authority
Art. XII, sec. 17(2)
Former natural-born citizens as transferees of private lands
Art. XII, sec. 8
a. Loss of citizenship
Express renunciation or EXPATRIATION
Com. Act No. 63, sec. 1(2)
Yu v.Defensor-Santiago, G.R. No. 83882, Jan. 24, 1989
b. Reacquisition or REPATRIATION
People v. Avengoza, 119 SCRA 1 (1982)
Compare the ruling here with the ruling in Jao v. Republic, 121 SCRA 358
(1983)
4. Dual allegiance
Art. IV, Sec. 5
D. Sovereignty
3. Sovereign Immunity
(a) Basis
Art. XVI, sec. 3
Republic v. Villasor, 54 SCRA 83 (1973)
Express consent
Implied consent
E. Government
A. Principles
1. Sovereignty of the People and Republicanism
Art. II, sec. 1
Art. V
Exceptions:
B. Policies
d. Promotion of health
Art. II, secs. 15-16
Art. XIII, secs. 11-13
h. Protection of labor
Art. II, sec. 18
Art. XIII, sec. 3
A. Congress
a. Senate
b. House of Representatives
1. District Representation
2. Sectoral Representation
Constitution, Article
3. Party-List Representation
Constitution
RA 7941
Ang Bayan Ko-OFW v. Comelec
Atong Paglaum v. Comelec
2. Election
a. Regular election
b. Special election
a. Election of officers
b. Quorum
c. Rules of proceedings
d. Discipline of members
(It is not competent for the appellants to show from the journals
that the enrolled bill contained a section that does not appear
in the enrolled act in the custody of the State Dept.)
Morales v. Subido, 27 SCRA 131 (1969)
f. Sessions
a. Salaries
d. Disqualifications
Id., sec. 13
e. Duty to disclose
Art. XI, sec. 17
Art. VI, sec. 12
Id., sec. 20
5. Electoral Tribunals
6. Commission on Appointments
7. Powers of Congress
b. Legislative investigations
h. Concur in Treaties
k. Power of impeachment
C. Legislative process
a. Requirements
Line-Item veto:
Bengzon v. Drilon
Gonzales v,. Macaraig
c. Qualified veto
within ten days (Sundays excepted) after it shall have been presented to
him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless
the Congress by their adjournment prevent its return in which case it
shall not be a law.
d. Legislative vetoes
e. Effectivity of laws
C. Executive Department
1. The President
c. Prohibitions
e. Removal
Art. X, sec. 4
Art.VI, sec. 9
Art. VII, sec. 16, par. 2
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Temporary appointments
Com. Act. No. 588
Limitations on appointing power of Acting President
Overruled:
24
2. Vice President
c. Prohibitions
d. Succession
e. Removal
a. Composition
c. Salary
d. Security of Tenure
e. Removal
f. Fiscal autonomy
g. Jurisdiction
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i. Administrative powers
j. Rule making
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n. Requirements as to decisions
Art. VIII, sec. 13-14
Valladolid v. Inciong, 121 SCRA 205 (1983)
Mendoza v. CFI, 51 SCRA 369 (1973)
Bacolod Murcia Milling Co. v. Henares, 107 Phil. 560 (1960)
2. Lower courts
Qualifications and appointment
b. Salary
c. Tenure
Art. VIII, sec. 11
Id., sec. 1
Ocampo v. Secretary of Justice, 51 O.G.
147 (955)
De la Llana v. Alba, 112 SCRA 294 (1982)
d. Removal
Art. VIII, sec. 11
e. Jurisdiction
Art. VIII, sec. 1
Ynot v. IAC, 148 SCRA 659 (1987)
d. Salary
Art. IX, A, sec. 3
Art. XVIII, sec. 17
e. Disqualifications
Art. IX, A, sec. 2
f. Impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
Id., sec. 8
j. Fiscal autonomy
Art. IX, A, sec. 5
2. Commission on Elections
c. Appointment of personnel
Art. IX, A, sec. 4
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d. Salary
Art. IX, A, sec. 3
Art. XVIII, se c. 17
e. Disqualifications
Art. IX, A, sec. 2
f. Impeachment
Art. IX, sec. 2
(6) Deputize law enforcement agents and recommend their removal for
violations of its orders
Art. IX, C, sec. 2(4)
Id., sec. 2(8)
h. Rule-making
Art. IX, A, sec. 6
i. Other functions
Art. IX, A, sec. 8
l. Fiscal autonomy
Art. IX, A, sec. 5
3. Commission on Audit
a. Composition and qualifications
Art. IX, D, sec. 1(1)
Art. VII, sec. 12, oar. 2
d. Salary
Art. IX, A, sec. 3
Art. XVIII, sec. 17
e. Disqualifications
Art. IX, A, sec. 2
f. Impeachment
Art. XI, sec. 2
h. Rulemaking
Art. IX, A, sec. 6
i. Other functions
Art. IX, A, sec. 8
k. Fiscal autonomy
Art. IX, A, sec. 5
F. Sandiganbayan
Art. XI, sec. 4
PD 1606, Dec. 10, 1979
Nuez v. Sandiganbayan, 111 SCRA 433 (1982)
G. Office of Ombudsman
See also PD 1630, July 18, 1979
1. Composition
Art. XI, sec. 5
2. Qualifications
Art. XI, sec. 8
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5. Disqualifications
Art. XI, sec. 8
Art. XI, A, sec. 2
6. Jurisdiction
Art. XI, sec. 12
Quimpo v. Tanodbayan, 146 SCRA 137 (1986)
8. Fiscal autonomy
Art. XI, sec. 14
9. Appointment of personnel
Art. XI, sec. 6
2. Functions
Art. XII, sec. 20-21
K. National Commissions
1. Commission on Human Rights
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c. Fiscal autonomy
Art. XIII, sec 17(4)
f. Right to vote
Art. X, sec. 14
Ceniza v. COMELEC, 95 SCRA 763 (1980)
a. Creation
Art. X, sec. 13
Id., sec. 18
Id., sec. 19
b. Sandiganbayan
Art. XI, sec. 4
B. Natural Resources
1. Citizenship requirement
Art. XII, sec. 2
Art. XII, sec. 7
C. Private lands
1. Citizenship requirement
Art. XII, sec. 7
Godinez v. Pak Luen, 120 SCRA 223 (1983)
Yap v. Grajeda, 121 SCRA 244 (1983)
Tejido v. Zamacoma, 138 SCRA 78 (1985)
Moss v. Director of Lands, 80 SCRA 269 (1977)
Republic v. Quasha, 46 SCRA 160 (1972)
1973 Const., Art. XVII, sec. 11
2. Exceptions
(a) Acquisition by LEGAL succession
Ramirez v. Vda. De Ramirez, 111 SCRA 704 (1982)
3. Agrarian reform
Art. XIII, secs. 4-8
1. Rationale
5. Practice of professions
9. Cooperatives
1. Labor
4. Health
5. Women
XI. ESTACS
A. Education
1. Right to education
Art. XIV, sec. 1
Villar v. TIP, 135 SCRA 706 (1985)
Tangonan v. Cruz Pao, 137 SCRA 245 (1985)
B. Language
E. Sports
Art. XV
A. On the flag
1. War veterans
Art. XVI, sec. 7
F. On consumer protection
Art. XVI, sec. 9
A. Proposal
Art. XVII, secs. 1-2
Gonzales v. COMELEC, 21 SCRA 774 (1967)
1. By Congress
Art. XVII, sec. 1
Gonzales v. COMELEC, supra
Compare 1935 Const., art. XVI, sec. 1
2. By Constitutional Convention
Art. XVII, sec. 3
B. Ratification
1. In case of amendments proposed by Congress or Convention
Art. XVII, sec. 4, par. 1
E. When will proposed amendments take effect? Compare art. XVII, sec. 4 with XVIII,
sec. 27. Recall De Leon v. Esquerra, 153 SCRA 602 (1987)