3.

Spectrum Analysis of GSM Signal

Objectives
iii) To measure the spurious and harmonics of the GSM and CDMA modulated RF signal
using an oscilloscope and the VSA software
iv) To perform an out-of-band limit test that identifies the pass or fail level of the spurious
and harmonics
4. Occupied Bandwidth Measurement for GSM and CDMA Signals
Objectives
iii) To measure the occupied bandwidth of a GSM and CDMA modulated RF signal using
an oscilloscope and the VSA software
iv) To determine the parameter that changes the occupied bandwidth
5. Adjacent Channel Power Ratio Measurement for GSM and CDMA Signals
Objective
ii) To measure the adjacent channel power ratio of the GSM and CDMA modulated RF
signal using oscilloscope and VSA software
6. Noise and Error Influence for GSM Signal
Objective
ii) To measure the error vector magnitude of a GSM modulated RF signal with influence of
noise and error using oscilloscope and VSA software

Course Name: RADAR SYSTEM DESIGN

Course Code: EE604
UNIT-I: INTRODUCTION TO RADAR - Basic principle of radar, Frequencies of operation, Classification of
radars, their functionality and applications, Types of radar CW, FMCW, Pulse Doppler, principles and
applications.

UNIT-II: RADAR PARAMETERS/DEFINITIONS - Radar Range, Cross Range and Doppler/Velocity

measurements and Resolutions, Peak power, Average power and Duty Cycle, Target, Noise Power, Noise Power
density, False Alarm, Concept of Detection

UNIT-III: RADAR EQUATIONS: Derivation of the Basic Radar Equation, Point Target in Interference, Receiver
Noise and Noise Bandwidth, Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), Losses in Radar Equation, Signal Integration and
Processing Gain, Radar Equation for Bistatic, Search and Tracking Radars, Equation for Beacon, Cover Up and Self
Protection Jamming.

UNIT-IV: RADAR CROSS SECTION (RCS) & THEORY OF DETECTION - Probability of Detection Pd,
Probability of False Alarm PFA and Relation between Pd, Pfa and SNRstatistical phenomenon of Noise. Target
characteristics RCS, RCS fluctuation, Swirling Models, SNR deviation for fluctuating targets,

UNIT-V: CLUTTER Ground/Surface, Sea lutter, Radar Equation for low Grazing Angle, Volume clutter Rain,
birds, chaff, Clutter discrete, Clutter characteristics of airborne radar Clutter limited operation Vs Noise limited
operation of radar, Losses.

UNIT-VI: ATMOSPHERIC PROPAGATION - Layers of the Atmosphere and Ray Travel, Interference and
Diffraction Region, Refraction of EM Waves, Effective Earth Model, Anomalous Propagation, Ionosphere
Refraction and Attenuation.

UNIT-VII: SURVEILLANCE AND TRACKING RADAR Concept of Tracking, Conical Scan Angle Tracking,
Lobing Angle Tracking, Monopulse Tracking; Amplitude and Phase Comparison, Wideband Monopulse Tracking,
Conventional 2D Surveillance radar : Battlefield Surveillance Radar, Coastal Surveillance radars.

RADAR DESIGNS; RADAR ELEMENTS DESIGN

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UNIT-VIII: RADAR TRANSMITTER DESIGN- Functions of Radar Transmitters, Transmitter Features,
Transmitter Sub-Systems, Active Device for Different Frequency Bands, Tube Transmitters, Solid State
Transmitters, Concept of Distributed Transmitters.

UNIT-IX: RADAR ANTENNA DESIGN- Function and Features of Radar Antenna, Types of Antennae, Phased
Array Antenna,Antenna Elements, Architectures for phased array, Antenna based architecture, Bandwidth based
architecture, function based radar, electronic/mechanical steering phased array, Phase shifters, and radiators,
frequency scan array, beam agility, Interleaving of detection, Frame time, Radar Scheduling- Algorithms for
scheduling.

UNIT-X: DUPLEXER/TR SWITCH & RADAR RECEIVER - Function and Characteristics, Types of Duplexer,
: Radar Receiver Characteristics, Receiver Parameters, Receiver Architectures, Digital Receiver

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Mark A. Richards, Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles, Yes Dee Publishing Pvt., Ltd.
2. M.I. Skolnik, Introduction to Radar Systems, Tata MG Hill.
3. T.W. Jeffrey Phased Array Radar Design, Scitech Publishing.
4. I.G. Cumming, Digital Processing of Synthetic Aperture Radar Data: Algorithms and Implementations,
Artech House.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. B.R. Mahafza, Radar System Analysis and Design Using, CRC press.
2. Peyton Z. Peebles, Radar Principles, Wiley.
3. Harold R. Raemer, Radar Systems Principles, CRC press.
4. George W. Stimson, Introduction to Airborne Radar, Scitech Publishing.

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS:
Sr. No. Experiments
Generation of different Radar waveforms, Measurement of Doppler frequency shift, RCS
1 measurement, Range measurement using Radar trainer kit.
Calculation of probability of detection for fluctuating targets, Modeling a pulse Doppler radar
2 system, MIMO radar simulation using SystemVue tools.
3 Simulating moving targets, FMCW simulation using SystemVue.
Target cluster forming and range finding, Dead-zone marking and target detection using
4 BFSR.
5 Target relative range/speed estimation, Realization of TWS using BFSR
6 Demonstration of the principle of IFF, Realization of Target position prediction using its data.

Course Name: NAVIGATION SYSTEM CONCEPTS

Course Code: EE605
UNIT - I INTRODUCTION TO NAVIGATION: What Is Navigation, Position Fixing, Dead Reckoning,
Inertial Navigation, Radio and Satellite Navigation, Terrestrial Radio Navigation, Satellite Navigation, Feature
Matching, The Complete Navigation System.

UNIT II NAVIGATION MATHEMATICS: Coordinate Frames, Kinematics, and the Earth: Coordinate
Frames, Kinematics, Earth Surface and Gravity Models, Frame Transformations

UNIT III INERTIAL NAVIGATION: Inertial-Frame Navigation Equations, Earth-Frame Navigation

Equations, Local-Navigation-Frame Navigation Equations, Navigation Equations Precision, Initialization and
Alignment, INS Error Propagation, Platform INS, Horizontal-Plane Inertial Navigation.
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