Zte GSM Counters Kpis PDF

ZTE GERAN Counters & KPIs
ZTE University
Objectives
At the end of this course, you will be able to:

Master ZTE traffic statistic function
Understand the meaning of common-used traffic
statistic indices
Master the methods to analyze and locate the network
problems by the way of traffic statistic analysis
Contents
Overview of traffic statistic

Traffic statistic KPI
Locate and analyze network problems
Traffic statistic analysis instance
Introduction of ZTE traffic statistic
Traffic
statistic
Alarm Performance Measurement

statistic index statistic
CS traffic PS traffic
measurement measurement
KPI of CS traffic statistic
Primal indices Integrated indices

SDCCH congestion rate Traffic call drop rate
SDCCH assignment success Bad cell rate
rate TCH allocation rate
SDCCH call drop rate Radio access success rate
TCH congestion rate
TCH assignment success rate
TCH call drop rate
Handover success rate
Random access success rate
Paging success rate
KPI of PS traffic statistic
TBF
UL TBF Establishment Success Rate
DL TBF Establishment Success Rate
UL Signaling TBF Failure Rate
DL Signaling TBF Failure Rate
UL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
DL GPRS Data TBF Failure Rate
UL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
DL EDGE Data TBF Failure Rate
KPI of PS traffic statistic
LLC
DL LLC Signaling Frame Discard Rate
DL LLC GPRS Data Frame Discard Rate
DL LLC EDGE Data Frame Discard Rate
Throughput
UL GPRS Throughput
DL GPRS Throughput
UL EDGE Throughput
DL EDGE Throughput
CS traffic measurement
Assignment Measurement
1
Assignment counter describers the assignment process. As many

attempts can be made if no channel is available in the first assignment
attempt, it is necessary to make a completed description of the whole
assignment process instead of the assignment processes of TCH/F or
TCH/H. These counters are used to analyze influences of forced
release, queuing and directed retry, to assignment success rate from
the viewpoint of calling.
Handover cause measurement

2
Handover cause counter is used for checking MS handover causes.

According to cell radio environment and BSC settings, handover
algorithm judgment module can carry out handover due to several
different handover causes, so as to realize functions such as
optimizing resource usage, improving call quality and rescuing calls.
Call drop measurement

3
Channels that take part in the measurement statistic include SDCCH,

TCH/F and TCH/H. Service types include signaling, voice and data.
Counted call drop causes include RMM losses contact with SMM,
BTS radio link failure, LAPD link failure, OMCR forced release, forced
release by other calls, handover failure, as well as other failure.
Radio resource available measurement

4
Radio resource available measurement counters count the number,

mean number and the maximum busy number of available SDCCH,
TCH/H and TCH/F, as well as total busy and congestion time of these
channels in the cell.
General handover measurement

5
General handover counter is used to find out MS handover successes,

failures, and frequency of abnormal events during handover. After
configured with inter-system handover or concentric circle, general
handover counter is also used to find out inter-cell traffic sharing to
improve the wireless planning.
Adjacent cell handover measurement

6
Adjacent cell handover counter is used to record the number of

outgoing handover or incoming handover so as to find out the
handover between the cell and its adjacent cell which lays a basis for
configuration of adjacent cell and improves service quality of the cell
through handover.
Radio access measurement

7
Radio access counter is mainly used to observe MS radio random

access process as the reference of radio access parameter
adjustment, signaling channel allocation strategy, etc. Several
possible causes of radio access are listed here. Access statistics
related to GPRS is not listed here but in the category of other access
request temporarily.
The number of access request is that of receiving Channel Required
message; the number of successful access process is that of sending
Immediate Assignment message.
Radio measurement
8
Radio measurement items mainly include UL/DL quality, signal

strength, TA, interference band and RQ value of radio channels. The
UL/DL quality, signal strength, TA and RQ value are counted after
measurement report or pre-processing measurement report sent by
BTS is received; BSC updates interference band status in database
after receiving measurement report or pre-processing measurement
report. The value of interference band can be inquired in database
when periodical measurement is reported.
Sub cell statistics

9
Sub cell statistics counter is used to find out operation status of the sub
cell in radio environment. It focuses on inter-sub-cell handover and
relevant counting at the second sub cell so as to check traffic
absorption condition by the second sub cell.
MS TA measurement
10
MS TA counters are used to check the value of TA in MS measurement

reports. TA can reflect the relative location of MS in the cell. If most of
the TAs are in very high level, network planning should be remade,
such as, increasing the site density.
SAPI3 measurement
11
MO-SM is short message of mobile originating call; MT-SM is short

messages of mobile terminating call. In conversation status, the MS
can receive point-to-point message so the mobile caller maybe the
other side of receiving short message at one time. On the wireless
side, short message could be transmitted by the following five
channels: SACCH/F, SACCH/H, SDCCH, FACCHF and FACCHH. So
far the statistics counting has been realized by the channel of
SACCH/F, SACCH/H and SDCCH.
TRX measurement
12
TRX measurement is to measure the success or failure condition of

channel activation, assignment, and handover in the unit of carrier. It
also can measure carrier interference band, maximum and minimum
UL & DL level condition, to learn the status of different carriers,
providing evidence for adjustment and maintenance.
Timeslot measurement
13
Timeslot counters are used to view the radio transceiver environment

of a MS in a particular timeslot, including the link quality and strength
in the timeslot. These data is sent to Network side through
measurement report. If signal strength in some timeslots is weak, then
it can be improved by changing send and receive power.
SDCCH measurement
14
SDCCH counters describe allocation, occupation, assignment, use of

resources related to SDCCH, which as SDCCH configuration and
parameters adjustment basis. Allocation of SDCCH is mainly in the
process of immediate assignment and handover. Handover includes
internal and external handover. The statistic unit in this measurement
is cell.
TCH/F measurement & TCH/H measurement

15
In GSM BSC signaling system, allocation and usage of TCH/F(TCH/H)

channel mainly exist in assignment and handover flow, where
assignment flow includes immediate assignment and common
assignment; handover flow includes internal and external handover.
Abis interface message counter measurement

16
Abis interface message measurement is mainly for all kinds of

messages of Abis interface to count. It is convenient to find out the
frequency of all kinds of messages transmitting on Abis interface.
When BSC receives the messages sent by BTS, the counter begin to
count.
17 BTS TRX measurement
According to the receiving level and receiving quality in MS
measurement report and the receiving level and receiving quality in
BTS measurement, BTS decides whether to perform power control for
MS or BTS. BTS also performs statistics according to different
reasons for power control.
There are two ways for power control: common control and rapid
control. The power control amplitude in rapid control is larger than that
in common control. Besides, BTS periodically samples the power of
MS and BTS to get the average power.
After the power control measurement task is customized, BTS
periodically reports the power control statistic result to BSC through
the PC TEST RPT message. The power control measurement result
can be used to analyze coverage quality and power control effect and
frequency.
BSSMAP message measurement

18
The BSSMAP message measurement performs statistics for various

BSSMAP messages at A-interface. It is used to find out the frequency
of various BSSMAP messages transmitted at A-interface. When BSC
receives the correct BSSMAP message from MSC, the counter counts.
A-Interface message measurement

19
The A-interface message measurement performs statistics for

uplink/downlink DTAP message, BSSMAP message, and received
incorrect BSSMAP message. Statistic unit in this measurement is
CMP.
Ater message measurement

20
Ater interface message counters are used to collect statistics on

messages transceived on Ater interface. It is counted by AterDispatch
according to iTC office.
PS traffic measurement
Downlink data TBF measurement

1
DL TBF process comprises establishment, transmission and release

of the DL TBF.
The establishment includes the DL TBF establishment on CCCH,
PCCCH and PACCH.
The release includes normal release and abnormal release of the DL
TBF. Abnormal release is used to judge the running of PS service so
as to make adjustment.
DL transmission measurement mainly focuses on the connecting time
of the DL TBF and the number of co-existing DL TBFs.
Uplink data TBF measurement

2
Uplink (UL) data TBF measurement mainly involves processes of

establishing TBF, keeping TBF and releasing TBF on cells.
Data flow measurement

3
Data flow measurement focuses on the flow related information,

including the LLC frames, RLC blocks and TBF connecting time.
Uplink/Downlink RLC statistic measurement

4
RLC blocks are classified into control block and data block based on
the content. Data block includes RLC block waiting to be
acknowledged (Pending block), retransmitted block (NACK block),
and first-transmitted block (new blocks excluding retransmitted RLC
block and pending RLC blocks).
RLC coding scheme includes CS1 ~ CS4 and MCS1 ~ MCS9. Coding
scheme is set at background and can be adjusted by BSC according
to the link quality.
UL/DL RLC statistics is used to find out the number of RLC blocks
with different coding schemes received and sent by BSC as well as
coding scheme adjustment times during transmission process.
PS resource used statistic measurement

5
Statistic counters are used to measure the PS resource usage in each

cell, including number of usable PS channels, average and max
number of busy PS channels, total busy time of PS channels, total
time of PS channel congestion and using of PS channels.
Uplink and Downlink PACCH statistics

6
In transmitting GPRS data service, UL and DL PACCH statistics is

used to count the number of receiving and sending controlled
messages on PACCH, including packet access reject, packet
resource request, packet UL assignment, etc.
Downlink GPRS data TBF statistics

7
DL GPRS data TBF statistics is used to observe the process of GPRS

DL TBF establishment, maintenance and release.
8 Downlink EGPRS data TBF statistics

DL EGPRS data TBF statistics is used to observe the process of
EGPRS DL TBF establishment, maintenance and release.
Uplink GPRS data TBF statistics

9
UL GPRS data TBF statistics collects the information about the

establishment, maintain and release of UL GPRS TBF.
10 Uplink EGPRS data TBF statistics

UL EGPRS data TBF statistics collects the information about the
establishment, maintain and release of UL EGPRS TBF.
BSSGP flow statistic

11
BSSGP flow statistics mainly measures the message

transmission condition at Gb BSSGP level in GPRS service, to
count different signaling messages. This includes the number
of packet paging, circuit paging, BVC block, BVC unblock, BVC
reset, location request, and location result response, etc.
Gb message statistics (BVC cell)

12
Gb message statistics mainly measures transmission number of

different PTP messages at Gb BSSGP level in GPRS service (such as
RA-CAPABILITY, RADIO-STATUS, DOWNLOAD-BSS-PFC).
NSVC statistic measurement

13
The NSVC statistic measurement is used to measure signaling

interaction and data transmission at NS layer of Gb interface for
GPRS service. It counts the number of various messages, such as
blocking, unblocking, resetting, and ALIVE.
NSE statistic measurement

14
The NSE statistic measurement takes a single NSE as the

measurement entity. It performs statistics for paging message, status
indication message, and signaling BVC resetting message received
by NSE at BSS.
NSVC on IPGB HOST measurement

15
The NSVC statistic measurement on IPGB HOST is used to measure

signaling interaction and data transmission at NS layer of Gb interface
in GPRS service. It also performs statistics for abnormalities in
various flows.
GB Message on IPGB HOST measurement

16
The Gb interface message measurement on IPGB HOST measures

the number of transceiving various PTP messages at BSSGP layer of
Gb interface in GPRS service, such as RA-CAPABILITY, RADIO-
STATUS, and DOWNLOAD-BSS-PFC.
NSE on IPGB HOST measurement

17
The NSE measurement on IPGB HOST takes a single NSE as the

measurement entity. It performs statistics for paging message, status
indication message, and signaling BVC resetting message received
by NSE at BSS.
Contents

SDCCH measurement point
MS BTS BSC
CHL_REQ
CHL_RQD
A1
A2
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
IMM_ASS_CMD
IMM_ASS A3
SABM
EST_IND
A4
T3101
Time out
SDCCH Counters
All the requests for SDCCH channels, including all instances need to
request for a SDCCH such as a normal call origination, location update,
SDCCH
Total call call re-establishment, IMSI request, IMSI detach and SMS.
attempts
SDCCH Total call attempts :C900060003+C900060010+C900060038
Check point A1
All the unsuccessful requests for SDCCH channels because there is no

radio resource.
SDCCH
Total SDCCH Total overflows:
overflows C900060005+C900060011+C900060039
Check pointA2
SDCCH Counters
BSC transmit IMM_ASS message to MS for assigning SDCCH,

including assignment success times and failure times.
Assignment
SDCCH assignment attempts= C900060241
attempts
Check pointA3
Number of BSC transmit IMM_ASS, MS successfully access

corresponding SDCCH,BSC received correct EST_IND or
Assignment ASSIGN_COM message.

success SDCCH Assignment success numbers: C900060242
Check point: A4
SDCCH Counters
Number of the failed calls in SDCCH before TCH is occupied

SDCCH Call drop: C900060053
Call drop
Check point After BSC received correct EST_IND or
ASSIGN_COM message. Before TCH assignment complete
The total traffic of each SDCCH in busy hours
Total Total traffic = SDCCH busy time (C900060124) / statistic

traffic
duration
Commonly used KPI
SDCCH Congestion rate
SDCCH congestion rate(%)
=SDCCH overflows/SDCCH call attempts 100
= (C900060005+C900060011+C900060039)
/(C900060003+C900060010+C900060038 ) 100
SDCCH assignment success rate
SDCCH assignment success rate (%)
SDCCH assignment success/ SDCCH assignment
attempts100
=C900060242/C900060241 100
Commonly used KPI
SDCCH call drop rate

SDCCH call drop rate (%)
= SDCCH call drop number/ SDCCH assignment
success number 100
=C900060053/
(C900060003+C900060010+C900060038 ) 100
TCH congestion statistic point
BTS BSC MSC

ASS_CMD
B1
CHL_ACT
B2
CHL_ACT_ACK
BTS BSC MSC

HO_REQ
C1
C2
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
TCH Counters
All the requests for TCH channels, including the calling attempts and
called attempts, and when TCH is assigned as SDCCH in abnormal early
TCH call
attempts
allocation, not including handover .
exclude TCH attempt numbers (exclude handover)
handover
= TCH/F attempts (voicedata) + TCH/H attempts (voicedata)
=C900060019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046
Check pointB1
All the unsuccessful occupation for TCH because of no radio resource

TCH overflow Total TCH overflows (exclude handover)
(exclude
handover) =TCH/F occupation failure (voicedata) + TCH/H occupation failure
(voicedata) =C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047
Check pointB2
TCH Counters
All the requests for TCH channels, including the calling attempts and
called attempts, handover.
TCH call TCH attempt numbers (include handover)= TCH/F attempts (voicedata)
attempts
+ TCH/H attempts (voicedata)
include
handover) =C900060019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046+C900060021
+C900060032+C900060044+C900060048
Check pointB1+C1
All the unsuccessful occupation for TCH because of no radio resource

Total TCH overflows (include handover)=TCH/F occupation failure (voice
TCH overflow
(include data) + TCH/H occupation failure (voicedata)
handover) = C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047+
C900060022+C900060033+C900060045+C900060049
Check pointB2+C2
TCH Assignment statistic point
TCH Counters
All the assignment command after successful TCH occupation

TCH assignment attempts =TCH assignment success + TCH assignment
TCH Assignment
attempts failure=C900060017+C900060028+C900060036+C900060235+C90006
(exclude 0199+C900060210+C900060018+C900060029+C900060037+C900060
handover)
135+C900060200+C900060211
Check pointD1
Numbers of receiving Establish Indication or Assignment Complete

messages after TCH channel is successfully occupied.
TCH Assignment
success TCH assignment success =
(exclude C900060017+C900060028+C900060036+C900060235+C900060199+C9
handover)
00060210
Check pointD2
Commonly used KPI
TCH congestion rate
TCH congestion rate (exclude handover) = TCH overflows
(exclude handover) / TCH attempts (exclude handover) 100 =
(C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047)/(C9000
60019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046) 100
TCH congestion rate (include handover) = TCH overflows
(include handover) / TCH attempts (include handover) 100=
(C900060020+C900060031+C900060043+C900060047+
C900060022+C900060033+C900060045+C900060049)/(C90006
0019+C900060030+C900060042+C900060046+
C900060021+C900060032+C900060044+C900060048) 100
Commonly used KPI
TCH assignment success rate

TCH assignment success rate =TCH assignment success
numberexclude handover/ TCH assignment attempts
numberexclude handover100
=(C900060017+C900060028+C900060036+C900060235+C9
00060199+C900060210)/(C900060017+C900060028+C90
0060036+C900060235+C900060199+C900060210+C9000
60018+C900060029+C900060037+C900060135+C900060
200+C900060211)100
Commonly used KPI
TCH call drop rate

TCH call drop rateinclude handover= TCH
call drop number / Total number TCH assignment
successinclude handover100
Trigger pointMonitor CLEAR REQUEST after
receiving ASSIGMENT COMPLETE message
Commonly used KPI
Handover success rate (Incoming handover)

Handover success rate%= Number of
handover success / number of handover request
100 =
(C900060098+C900060102+C900060120+C900
060094+C900060096)
/(C900060097+C900060099+C900060100+C900
060101+C900060216+C900060119+C90006009
3+C900060095) 100
Commonly used KPI
Traffic
The total traffic of all TCH, including TCH/F and
TCH/H.
Total TCH traffic = Total busy time of TCH/
statistic duration =
(C900060129+C900060127)/3600
Traffic call drop raito
Total TCH traffic 60/ total call drop numbers
Unit: minuterepresent the average time
separation of every two call drops
Commonly used KPI
Bad cell ratio

Number of bad cells / total number of cells 100%
Condition:
Busy hours traffic per TCH>0.1Erland TCH call drop
rate>3 or TCH congestion rate>5
Confirm cell numbers according to average per TCH traffic
>0.1Erl
TCH call drop statistic point
Radio link timeout call drop

MS BTS BSC MSC
Measurement report(SACCH)
Measurement report(SACCH)
Measurement report(SACCH) Connection Failure

Indication
Radio link timeout
Start T3109
Clear request
Stop T3109
F1 Clear Command
RF Channel Release
RF Channel Release
ACK
Clear Complete
Intra cell handover call drop
MS BTS:TRX BSC MSC
CHANNEL ACTIVATE
CHANNEL ACTIVATE ACK
ASSIGNMENT COMMAND
SET T3107
T3107 Timeout
Clear Request
G1
Intra BSC handover call drop
MS Old BTS: New BTS BSC MSC
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT ACK
HO_Command HO_Command
SET T3103
T3103 Timeout
Clear request
H1
Inter BSC handover call drop
MS Old BTS Old BSC MSC New BSC New BTS
HANDOVER REQUIRED
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQ_ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
SET T8
T8 Timeout
Clear request
I1
TCH Call drop counters
Total TCH call drop of all kinds of reasons in current area sub-system .
TCH call Trigger
: Calculate CLEAR REQUEST after ASSIGNMENT COMPLETE
drop number message and CLEAR REQUEST after HANDOVER COM
message
Check pointF1+G1+H1+I1
The accumulation of all TCH traffic in busy hour.

Total TCH
busy hour Total TCH traffic = Total TCH busy time/ statistic period
traffic
Handover signaling statistic point
Intra cell handover

MS BTS BSC MSC
MEAS_REP
MEAS_RES
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
J1
ASS_CMD
ASS_CMD
SABM
UA EST_IND
ASS_COM
ASS_COM
J2
HO_PREFORM
Intra BSC handover

MS BTS:Ori_Cell BTS:Des_Cell BSC:Ori_Cell BSC:Des_Cell
Measurement Report Handover Algorithm

Measurement Report
CHANNEL ACT
CHANNEL ACT ACK
K1
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMMAND
HANDOVER COMPLETE HANDOVER COMPLETE
K2
HANDOVER COMPLETE
Inter BSC handover

MS Old BTS Old BSC MSC New BSC New BTS
HANDOVER REQUIRED
HO_REQ
CHL_ACT
CHL_ACT_ACK
HO_REQ_ACK
HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND HANDOVER COMMAND
L1
HO_ACCESS
HO_DETECT
PHY_INFO
SABM
UA
HO_COM HO_COM
HO_COM
Clear Command
L2
Handover counters
Definitions Total Incoming handover request numbers, including

Intra-cell, Intra-BSC and inter-BSC handover.
Total
Total handover
handover
request request:C900060097+C900060099+C900060100+C900060101+
C900060216+C900060119+C900060093+C900060095
Check pointJ2+K1+L1
Definitions Total Incoming handover success numbers,

Total including Intra-cell, Intra-BSC and inter-BSC handover.
Handover Total handover
success success:C900060098+C900060102+C900060120+C900060094+
C900060096
Check point J2+K2+L2

This statistic provides UL GPRS signaling TBF,
UL EDGE signaling TBF, UL GPRS data TBF, UL
EDGE data TBF establishment success rate,
which is the important performance index on data
service availability to check the condition of data
access success in different cells.
UL TBF Establishment Success
Rate=(C900040025+C900040033+C900040026+
C900040034)/(C900040159+C900040160+C900
040161+C900040168+C900040163+C90004016
4+C900040165+C900040166)*100
This statistic provides DL GPRS signaling TBF,
DL EDGE signaling TBF, DL GPRS data TBF, DL
EDGE data TBF establishment success rate,
which is the important performance index on data
service availability to check the condition of data
access success in different cells.
DL TBF Establishment Success
Rate=(C900040007+C900040015+C900040008+
C900040016)/(C900040141+C900040142+C900
040143+C900040144+C900040145+C90004014
6+C900040147+C900040148)*100

This statistic provides TBF proportion
exceptionally released after UL signaling TBF
establishment success. By this performance
index, it can determine interference, packet loss,
wrong parameter setting, instable link failure may
occur in network.
UL Signaling TBF Failure Rate=(C900040037+
C900040038+ C900040039+ C900040040+
C900040041+ C900040042+ C900040043+
C900040044+ C900040045+
C900040046)/(C900040025+ C900040033)*100

exceptionally released after DL signaling TBF
occur in network.
DL Signaling TBF Failure Rate =(C900040149+
C900040150+ C900040151+ C900040152+
C900040153+ C900040154+ C900040155+
C900040156+ C900040157+
C900040158)/(C900040007+ C900040015)*100

exceptionally released after DL GPRS data TBF
occur in network.
=(C900040002+C900040003+C900040004+C90
0040005+C900040006-C900040149-
C900040150-C900040151-C900040152-
C900040153)/C900040008*100

exceptionally released after UL GPRS data TBF
occur in network.
=(C900040020+C900040021+C900040022+C90
0040023+C900040024-C900040037-
C900040038-C900040039-C900040040-
C900040041)/C900040026*100
exceptionally released after UL EDGE data TBF
occur in network.
=(C900040028+C900040029+C900040030+C90
0040031+C900040032-C900040042-
C900040043-C900040044-C900040045-
C900040046)/C900040034*100
exceptionally released after UL EDGE data TBF
occur in network.
=(C900040010+C900040011+C900040012+C90
0040013+C900040014-C900040154-
C900040155-C900040156-C900040157-
C900040158)/C900040016*100
UL GPRS Throughput
UL GPRS Throughput
The user UL GPRS data transmitted on air
interface divided by the time taken for data
transmission
UL GPRS Throughput
=C900040058/C900040059*8
DL GPRS Throughput
DL GPRS Throughput
The user DL GPRS data transmitted on air
transmission.
DL GPRS Throughput
=C900040060/C900040061*8
UL EDGE Throughput
UL EDGE Throughput
The user UL EDGE data transmitted on air
transmission.
UL EDGE Throughput
=C900040066/C900040067*8
DL EDGE Throughput
DL EDGE Throughput
The user DL EDGE data transmitted on air
transmission.
DL EDGE Throughput
=C900040068/C900040069*8

The statistic provides the percentage of the
discarded downlink LLC signaling frame.
DL LLC signaling frame discard rate equals to the
number of DL signaling LLC frame discard due to
full buffer, exhausted lifecycle, and other
exceptions divided by the number of DL signaling
LLC frame transmitted .
=(C900040052+C900040053+C900040054)/C90
0040051*100
discarded DL LLC GPRS data frame.
DL GPRS data frame discard rate equals to the
number of DL GPRS LLC frame discard due to
exceptions divided by the number of DL GPRS
LLC frame transmitted.
DL LLC GPRS Data Frame Discard
Rate=(C900040075+C900040076+C900040077)
/C900040074*100

discarded DL LLC edge data frame.
DL EDGE data frame discard rate equals to the
number of DL EDGE LLC frame discard due to
exceptions divided by the number of DL EDGE
LLC frame transmitted.
=(C900040048+C900040049+C900040050)/C90
0040047*100
Contents

Traffic statistic analysis contents
Call drop
TCH congestion Handover
SDCCH congestion TCH assignment
SDCCH assignment
General idea
BSC Level
Report
CELL Level
Report
High Call
Drop Rate
CS Basic Service TRX Cell Radio

Alarm Information
Measurement Service Measurement Measurement
High Congestion
Rate
CS Basic Service Radio Access Cell Radio

Alarm Information
Measurement Measurement Measurement
High Handover
Failure Rate
Handover Reason Handover Routine Adjacent Cell Handover CS Basic Service

Alarm Information
Measurement Measurement Measurement Measurement
General idea
Combined with:
Driving Test: Analyze coveragequality
handoversignaling
CQT: make a great deal of calls in different place
Signaling trace: Collecting signaling through
signaling tools or OMCR signaling trace function
Index Analysis Filter Method
First common, then

individual factor
Common factors Individual factor
Hardware Handover
Interference Radio parameters
Coverage
Common factors
TCH Call drop

Hardware
Handover
Interference Congestion
SDCCH Assignment
Coverage
TCH Assignment
Hardware problems
Traffic statistic Locate and Solution

CS basic measurement Abnormal
SDCCH and TCH availability, <100% Check transmission error
Low TCH assignment success rate repeter self-excitation, TTA noise
especially >10%
Target cell Channel activation
BTS measurementlocate cal drop and
NACK or TIMEOUT
assignment failure on TRX level
Alarm managementlocate hardware Call drop because of terrestrial
failure trunk circuit failure
Dynamic managementAbnormal TRX Calibrate clock
occupation Locate hardware problems
Check clock system according left traffic statistic,
Monitor transmission system confirm TRX,CMM,TIC,CDU faults
Interference
Traffic statistic Locate and Solution

CS basic measurementAnalyze
Frequency checkanalyze C/I and
interference band level, change with C/A
time and traffic
Frequency scanFind external
BTS measurementlocate interference
interference on TRX level DTCheck interference area and
quality distribution
Handover reason measurementratio
of up/down link RQ Handover Adjust BTSs transmit
power ,antenna downtilt or
Cell radio measurementAnalyze the frequency etc. to avoid interference;
distribution of cell level and quality Open FHDTXDPC
Abissignaling traceAnalyze cells Fix equipment problems (TRX
and TRXs with high interference band Antenna)
Coverage
Traffic statistic Locate and solution

CELL performance high Up/link Make DT in estimate weak
RQ bad KPI coverage area
Power control : Low average Adjust network parameters based on DT
up/down link signal Rx-LEV Check BTS transmitting power,
Cell radioToo much low signal antenna downtilt and height,
Rx-LEV Rxlev_ACCESS_MIN, the neighbor
cell relationship, RXLEV_MIN of
Handover reasontoo much handover candidate cell.
rescue handover (Rx-Lev and Rx-
QUAL handover) Adjustcoverage, avoid over-
coverageweak coverage and lonely
island
Increase BTS sites
Call drop
Type
Radio link time out
Handover failure
LAPD call drop
Call drop analysis
1 2 3 4 5
Confirm call
Call drop type TRX call drop Call drop solution
drop cell
reason
BSC level CELL level BTS basic Common factor Traffic
report report measurement statistic
Particular
CELL level CS basic Cell radio factor Signaling
report analysis
Alarm Alarm analysis
Other method
From whole to Easy to locate Locate to TRX First common, Execute and
particular and analysis then solution
particular
Reasons of call drop
Unreasonable HO
parameters
Unbalance up/down
Hardware failure
link
Call drop
Interference Other parameters
Coverage
Common factor already

discussed
Unreasonable HO parameters

Check if there are unreasonable HO
parameters
Handover routine measurement:
check outgoing handover failure
Handover reason measurement: Make reasonable neighbor
check handover reason and percents cells
of each kind of handover;
Adjust handover parameters
Adjacent cell handover measurement:
Low successful outgoing HO (for
some cells)
CS basicHO TCH / calling TCH >3
UL/DL unbalance
CheckTACDURDUBTS
CSbasic: UP/DOWN average
boards and RF cable connection
Rx_LEV.
Check antenna direction, tiltdown,
Abis
signaling trace: Analyze
feeder and jumper connection,
UP/DOWN average Rx_LEV
antenna connector
Cell
radio measurement: Analyze
Check VSWR
UP/DOWN average Rx_LEV
Other unreasonable parameters
Traffic statistic Solution
Check radio parameters

Modify
the unreasonable
RLT and Rx-Acc-Min
parameters
Handover analysis
Low HO success rate
CS Basic HO measurement Alarm
Incoming
Incoming/Outgoing
HO routine HO reason Adjacent cell
reason
Outgoing
PBGT
RXLEV
RXQUAL
General analysis idea
HO problem cells: all cells or individual cell?

HO direction: outgoing or incoming HO
failure
HO target cell: service cell With multi-cell or
With individual cell.
MSC1 MSC2
BSC1 BSC2 BSC3
1 2 3
Checking step of HO
Cells of low HO success rate

Cells of more HO failure numbers
Analyze outgoing/incoming HO failure
number, find out main factors of HO failure
Register out/in handover performance
Observe the feature of HO failure: for all
neighbor cells or single cell, for all conditions
or single reason that lead to HO failure
Probable reasons for HO failure

discussed
Unreasonable
parameters
UP/DOWN
Coverage
unbalance
Low HO success
rate
Hardware Interference
Unreasonable HO parameter
Traffic Statistic Locate and solution

Cell performancelow HO CheckPbgtrescue HO threshold,
success rate HO function switch setting
BTS measurementfind out TRX CheckTCH assignment due to
with more HO failure HO vs calling If handover/call
Handover reason measurement: 3probably Ping-pong HO exist ,
check handover reason and check and adjust handover
percents of each kind of handover parameters setting Minimum
AdjacentHO measurement: find HO intervalPBGT margin etc
out which two cells have HO
failures
Integrated analysis

Cell performancetarget cell
congestion
CS basiclow incoming HO success Target
cell expansion or traffic
rate, maybe hardware or interference balance
problems
Hardware troubleshooting
Low outgoing HO success rate
maybe target cell congestion or Adjust HO parameters
unreasonable HO parameters Adjacent cell optimization
Adjacent cell unreasonable neighbor
External cell: frequency, BSIC
TCH congestion
Capacity or
unbalance traffic
Interference Antenna system
TCH congestion
Unreasonable
Coverage
parameters
Data configuration

discussed
Shortage of capacity or traffic unbalance
Cell
performance: Traffic per Expansion or balance busy and
channel>0.6 idle cell TRX configuration
CSbasic: Too much TCH Adjust
coverageoutput power,
overflows antenna direction, tiltdown, height
Cell performance: Unbalance Adjust
cell parametersCRO
traffic RX-ACC-MIN, open traffic HO
High congestion rate function
Adjust
cell selection priority, cell
HO parameters
Antenna system problems
Cell
frequency scan: check the
main and diversity antenna
measurement Check antenna azimuth,
Cellradio measurement: signal downtilt, connection of antenna
level, quality , interference and feeder system.
band
Signaling
tracing:
measurement report analysis.
Unreasonable cell parameters
Performance report: check TCH

congestion
Alarm
statistic: BTS or TRX
Adjust
unreasonable
hardware failure
parameter
BTS measurement: check if TRX
problem? Hardware troubleshooting
Check cell parameters: Rx-Acc-
Min, cell resection parameters
SDCCH congestion
SDCCH

Unreasonable
Interference
Para.

SDCCH congestion
Capacity limit Unreasonable LAC

discussed
Unreasonable parameters
CS
basic: Check reason of
SDCCH congestion
Adjust parameter: Random access
Radio access: Immediate
threshold, RACH access threshold
assignment success / Immediate
MaxRetransTx-Integer
assignment > 85%
T3212
Check para: All parameters with
Dual band parameter adjustment
relation to radio access
SDCCH available rate
System capacity limit
Cell performanceBoth TCH and

SDCCH congestion Expansion
Cell
performanceTCH no Increase SDCCH
congestion but SDCCH Adjust
T3122T3212
congestion RACH
CelllocationTraffic hub such as
airport, railway station
SMS increase greatly
Unreasonable LAC planning
Cell
performanceSDCCH Modify CRH
congestion Adjust cell reselection para.
CSBasictoo much location Modify T3212
update Adjust other para.
LACplanningLAC border cross
heavy traffic area
Interference
Low RACH threshold, at the same

Check and adjust frequency
time, there is interference
planning
Cell
performanceSDCCH
Check and remove interference
congestion
Adjust access para.
CS basicSDCCH invalid access
SDCCH assignment failure
CCCH congestion
Interference Transmission
Reason
Bad coverage Hardware
Software version

discussed
SDCCH assignment failure
CCCH congestionnot enough

AGCH
CSbasicUplink interference Adjust PCH and AGCH block
band, abnormal UP/DOWN RQ numbers
Alarmequipment hardware Frequency check
failure Work out transmission problems
Transmission system monitor Upgrade software version
locate transmission problem
Software version
TCH assignment failure
Success assignment Assignment failure

TCH assignment analysis
3
Assignment
2
Allocation
It is carried out

between BSC
1
Occupation BSC sends and MS. When
Channel Activation BSC receives
After to BTS receives Establish
receives BTSs feedback Indication, TCH
CHANNEL message Channel
assignment is
REQUIRE Activation ACK,
successful.
command, then allocation has
BSC will been done.
inquire channel
resources in
MP database.
Reason of TCH assignment failure
Hardware: TRXCDURF cable connection

Interference: C/I,C/A or external interference
Antenna feeder: Antenna and feeder damage,
linear antenna direction, downtilt not same, VSWR,
feeder cable cross connection
Unreasonable para: HSN/MAIO, T3107 small,
configuration para is different from planning
Coverage: weak coverage or UP/DOWN unbalance
Repeater: Induce UP/DOWN interference and
unbalance
TCH assignment failure
Cell
performancecells of TCH
assignment failure Check cell radio para
CS Basicinterference band CheckBERinterference band,
call drophandoverUP/DOWN decrease interference
RQ level Check hardware problem
AlarmHardware Driving test analysis
BTS measurementlocate TRX Check if BSC and BTS software
with TCH assignment failure version match
NMS TRXThe time and number
of TCH and SDCCH assignment
Contents

Call drop instance
Description
From 16 March, Cell I102 of BSC80 call drop number increase
greatlyCall drop rateinclude handover>7%
Analysis
Cell performance: call drop type: radio link failure
Interference band: a lot of strip 3
Check frequency planning: no problem
BTS measurement: TRX2 and TRX3 high assignment failure rate
Alarm: no
Handover parameters: TRX2 and TRX3 have same MAIO
Call drop instance
Solution
Change MAIO of TRX3 to 10
Cell TCH in call drop
Region BSC ID CELL ID Remark
Name rate(%)
8.17
7.74
before
7.53
7.97
NORTH I102 80 50022
1.03
0.94
after
0.85
0.76
Handover instance 1
Description
Cell performance: Site A cell 1 handover success rate
low
Analysis
Unreasonable parameter: No
From OMCR dynamic management: one TRX can not
be occupied, probably hardware problem
Solution
Change TRX, everything OK
Handover instance
Result
HO
HO HO
Site name (LAC-CI) success
request success
rate(%)
D1A LAC8415-CI25023 345 52 15.1
D1A LAC8415-CI25023 221 64 29
D1A LAC8415-CI25023 266 28 10.5
D1A LAC8415-CI25023 160 152 95
D1A LAC8415-CI25023 160 154 96.3
TCH congestion instance 1
Description
From 21 Dec. according to cell performance reportsite 106
sector 3 of BSC8 in Libyan network, there is great TCH congestion,
TCH congestion rate (exclude handover)>30%
Analysis
There is no congestion for this sector before, TCH congestion rate
increase suddenly
Check cell performance and alarm of its neighboring cellswe
found one neighboring site 127 which locate oppositely suffered
power break, a lot of traffic was absorbed by site 106
Solution
After the power come back ,site 127 work properly, and site 106
TCH congestion disappeared
SDCCH TCH congestion

TCH overflow
BSC-SITE ID-BTS (LAC-CI) congestion rate (exclude
(exclude handover)
rate(%) handover)(%)
Bsc8-Site106-Bts1 LAC8198-CI11061 0 0 0
Bsc8-Site106-Bts3 LAC8198-CI11063 0.04 30.24 936
After adjustment
Bsc8-Site106-Bts3 LAC8198-CI11063 0.04 0 0

Description
In the evening of 2, April, we configured dynamic GPRS channel
to BSC1. and observed at daytime on 3, April, we found TCH
congestion rate went up remarkably.
Analysis
Decrease dynamic GPRS to one channel per cell before busy hour
on 3, April
We observed next day and found that, 11654(TCH assignment
failure number) of many cells under BSC1 is still very high
Signaling trace: Channel Activation failed for all the TCH come
from GPRS dynamic channel
Solution
Change dynamic GPRS channel to static channel, then to TCH
channel, network restored to normal.

SDCCH congestion instance
Description
Site 61, Cell 3 , SDCCH congestion rate increase
suddenly after put into service>35%
Analysis
CS basic: there are many location update.
LAC planning is OK
Probably data configuration problem
Solution
We found LAC of Cell 3 is 8198but the LAC of the
other two cells is 8199
Change back LAC to 8199
SDCCH assignment instance
Description
One BTS connect BSC by satellite , some type of
handset can not call properly
Analysis
Signaling trace: there is no EST IND after BSC send
IMMDIEATE ASSIGNMENT COMand BSC release
the channel
For satellite transmission, the transmission delay
between MS and BTS is about 150ms , this led some
type of handset can not receive Immediate assignment
command within required period.
Solution
BSC adopted optimized Immediate assignment process
TCH assignment instance
Description
Cell 3 of site 1, TCH assignment failure rate:12.28, Call
drop rate:6.9%, Handover in success rate:68.38%,
Handover out success rate:91.31%
Analysis
TCH assignment failure rate>10%, from which we can
exclude interference, maybe there is hardware problem.
BTS measurement: We found the second TRX has high
TCH assignment failure>30%
CQT: we found when the second TRX was occupied,
the Rx-Lev is 20dB less than that of BCCH.
Solution
Change TRX
TCH assignment instance
TCH call drop TCH assign Handover in Handover

BSC -SITE TCH call drop
(LAC-CI) rate (include failure success out success
ID-BTS number
handover)(%) rate(%) rate(%) rate(%)
Bsc80- LAC1003-
6.9 98 12.28 68.38 91.31
Site1-Bts3 CI50003
After adjustment
Bsc80- LAC1003-
0.9 5 2.28 92.38 92.89
Site1-Bts3 CI50003

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ZTE GERAN Counters & KPIs

At the end of this course, you will be able to:

Overview of traffic statistic

Alarm Performance Measurement

Primal indices Integrated indices

Assignment counter describers the assignment process. As many

Handover cause measurement

Handover cause counter is used for checking MS handover causes.

Call drop measurement

Channels that take part in the measurement statistic include SDCCH,

Radio resource available measurement

Radio resource available measurement counters count the number,

General handover measurement

General handover counter is used to find out MS handover successes,

Adjacent cell handover measurement

Adjacent cell handover counter is used to record the number of

Radio access measurement

Radio access counter is mainly used to observe MS radio random

Radio measurement items mainly include UL/DL quality, signal

Sub cell statistics

MS TA counters are used to check the value of TA in MS measurement

MO-SM is short message of mobile originating call; MT-SM is short

TRX measurement is to measure the success or failure condition of

Timeslot counters are used to view the radio transceiver environment

SDCCH counters describe allocation, occupation, assignment, use of

TCH/F measurement & TCH/H measurement

In GSM BSC signaling system, allocation and usage of TCH/F(TCH/H)

Abis interface message counter measurement

Abis interface message measurement is mainly for all kinds of

BSSMAP message measurement

The BSSMAP message measurement performs statistics for various

A-Interface message measurement

The A-interface message measurement performs statistics for

Ater message measurement

Ater interface message counters are used to collect statistics on

Downlink data TBF measurement

DL TBF process comprises establishment, transmission and release

Uplink data TBF measurement

Uplink (UL) data TBF measurement mainly involves processes of

Data flow measurement

Data flow measurement focuses on the flow related information,

Uplink/Downlink RLC statistic measurement

PS resource used statistic measurement

Statistic counters are used to measure the PS resource usage in each

Uplink and Downlink PACCH statistics

In transmitting GPRS data service, UL and DL PACCH statistics is

Downlink GPRS data TBF statistics

DL GPRS data TBF statistics is used to observe the process of GPRS

8 Downlink EGPRS data TBF statistics

Uplink GPRS data TBF statistics

UL GPRS data TBF statistics collects the information about the

10 Uplink EGPRS data TBF statistics

BSSGP flow statistic

BSSGP flow statistics mainly measures the message

Gb message statistics (BVC cell)

Gb message statistics mainly measures transmission number of

NSVC statistic measurement

The NSVC statistic measurement is used to measure signaling

NSE statistic measurement

The NSE statistic measurement takes a single NSE as the

NSVC on IPGB HOST measurement

The NSVC statistic measurement on IPGB HOST is used to measure

GB Message on IPGB HOST measurement