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The system shown in Fig. 1 is used for the production of vapor and electrical energy.
Two turbines are thereby employed with their relevant data as in Table 1. The first
turbine (Turbine 1) passes 2 intermediate flows (HE1 and LE1). The last stage produces
the condensate flow (C). The internal flow of Turbine 1 is given by I1-HE1. The second
turbine (Turbine 2) passes one intermediate flow (HE2) and one outflow (LE2). Three
vapour levels are denoted by HPS, MPS and LPS.
In order to always guarantee the requested electrical power, in case the produced
electrical power (PP) does not cover the demand, additional energy power (EP) is
purchased from another producer. The energy producer has been ensured that, the
purchased electrical power will not underlie the basic electrical power of 12 MW. In
the case the lower amount of the electrical power is requested from the producer, the
part of the electrical power, which is not purchased, is billed by the so-called demand
penalty. All required data for the solution of the exercise are given in the Tables 14.
Formulate the optimization problem to determine the optimal plant operating point
comprising the minimal operational costs in [/h]. You have to consider two cases:
one where the demand penalty is active; and one where it is not.
3. Using the data from the Tables, try to develop an easy model of the plant.
EP
Hints.
2. Due to the conditional demand penalty, the complete formulation of this opti-
mization problem comprises two cases, which have to formulated separately, i.e.,
(a) if 0 EP 12000[kW ]
(cost of) J = the produced vapour (HP S) + . . .
(b) if EP 12000[kW ]
(cost of) J = the produced vapour (HP S) + . . .
In Exercise 1 we have developed the following two models (one where the demand
penalty is active and one where it is not):
2. The objective function comprises the sum of all operational costs. Still, we have
to take care of the demand penalty, namely, only in the case the additionally
purchased energy (EP) does not exceed the basic power (12 MW), the demand
penalty comes into play. Thus, the complete formulation of this optimization
problem comprises these two cases:
3. Model:
Mass balances: HP S = I1 + I2 + BF1 (MB1)
I1 = HE1 + LE1 + C (MB2)
I2 = HE2 + LE2 (MB3)
HE1 + HE2 + BF1 = BF2 + M P S (MB4)
LP S = LE1 + LE2 + BF2 (MB5)
4. Inequality constraints:
2500 P1 6250 (IC1)
I1 87000 (IC2)
C 28000 (IC3)
I1 HE1 60000 (IC4)
3000 P2 9000 (IC5)
I2 110000 (IC6)
LE2 64000 (IC7)
MP S 123000 (IC8)
LP S 45000 (IC9)
P1 + P2 + EP 24500 (IC10)
all optimization variables shall be non-negative, i.e., 0 (IC11)
either case a) EP 12000 (IC12a)
or case b) EP 12000 (IC12b)
Solve the evaporator optimization problem with the Matlab solver linprog,
6
intlinprog or with GAMS. What are the optimal function value and the cor-
responding values of the optimization variables? Is the demand penalty
active or not?
Hint: The optimal function value is approximately 1944 [/hour].