CIVE2501D / DEC 210

MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

ASSIGNMENT 2

Name Muhammad Danny

Iskandar bin Azhar
ID Matric 143013687

Course Diploma in Civil

Engineering
 Lecturers Name IR Che Mat Bahri bin
Kasri

TABLE CONTENT

TABLE CONTENT ....................................................................................................... 2

QUESTION.................................................................................................................... 3

1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................... 5

1.1 DEFINITION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AN D RUBBISH

COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM. ....................................................... 5

1.1.1 WATER OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ............................................ 5

 1.1.2 RUBBISH COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM .................... 6

2.0 DISCUSSION .......................................................................................................... 7

Using Elevated Water Tank ................................................................................... 7

........................................................................................................................ 9

WATER DISTRIBUTION AT 3-STOREY SHOPHOUSES, SINGLE

STOREY HOUSE AND LINKED TERRACE. .......................................... 10

RUBBISH COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM ................................... 11

HIGH RISE BUILDING SUCH AS APARTMENT OR CONDOMINIUM12

SINGLE-STOREY,DOUBLE STOREY AND SHOPHOUSE. ................. 13

GARBAGE AND RUBBISH COLLECTION TRUCK REQUIREMENTS15

REFERENCES ............................................................................................................ 17

QUESTION

You are the project engineer in charge for the construction of a new township
comprising of 20 blocks of 15-storey apartments, 30 Block of 2-storey linked houses
and 20 blocks of single-storey terrace houses and 8 blocks of 3-storey shop houses.
Among the facilities to be provided are the provisions of treated water and rubbish
collection and disposal system to the township. The project site is located on a hilly
terrain.

Discuss the type of water supply system and the rubbish collection and disposal
system which you would propose to your Employer, giving all the justification to
your proposal.
 1.0 INTRODUCTION

The question is discussing about a project construction of water supply, disposal

system and rubbish collect at the new town which is located at hilly terrain or known
as highland. This assignment also required to me find a solution and suitable
construction on this project.

1.1 DEFINITION OF WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AN D RUBBISH

COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM.

1.1.1 WATER OF DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM

Water distribution system is a network of pipelines that distributes water to the

consumers. They are designated to adequately satisfy the water requirement for a
combination of ; domestic, commercial, industrial and fire fighting purposes.

The basic function of a water distribution system is to transport the water from the
treatment facility to the customer. In addition, water distribution systems may also
provide storage, as well as provide flow and pressure adequate for fire protection as
well. Typically the size
of water mains, pump
station capacity, and
storage reservoir volume
is determined by fire
suppression needs. The
volume of water
necessary to fight fires is
much greater that
domestic and
commercial water
demand in most
communities.
1.1.2 RUBBISH COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

Waste management or known as rubbish collection and waste disposal system is

all the activities and actions required to manage waste from its inception to its final
disposal. This includes amongst other things collection, transport, treatment and
disposal of waste together with monitoring and regulation. It also encompasses the
legal and regulatory framework that relates to waste management encompassing
guidance on recycling.

The term normally relates to all kinds of waste, whether generated during the
extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final
products, the consumption of final products, or other human activities, including
municipal (residential, institutional, commercial), agricultural, and social (health care,
household hazardous waste, sewage sludge). Waste management is intended to reduce
adverse effects of waste on health, the environment or aesthetics.
 2.0 DISCUSSION

Using Elevated Water Tank

The supply of water from Public Water Supply pipe will be tapped to suction tank
at low level area. From suction tank, water will be pumped to elevated tank at
hilly area. Distribution of water from elevated water tank to houses and high rise
apartment will be done by free flow gravity method . For apartment higher than
elevated water tank, suction tank and roof top water tank is required at that
apartment.

Treatment Stage

1.Raw water is flowed to treatment tank from sources like lake, a river, a
reservoir, a well field, or, more recently, salt water sources which can be purified
through new techniques in water filtration and reverse osmosis.

2.When the treatment work is done, then it is pumped to balancing reservoir on

top of
the hill through suction tank.
Distribution Stage

3.Water from the balancing reservoir are flowed to the break tank before it is
channeled
to suction tank .

Consumption Stage

4.Water from suction tank is pumped to the top of the elevated water tank before
it is
flowed to consumers with a fixed amount.Water towers are elevated to provide
pressure to the attached water distribution system. For each foot that a water
tower is elevated, the surrounding distribution system will gain an additional 0.43
PSI in water pressure.

Water towers are helpful for maintaining pressure during peak demand, especially
when the peak demand exceeds the capabilities of the utility's pump stations.
For apartments above 25 meters, apartments are supplied indirectly through a high
level water storage tank. Those below the 25 meter range will experience higher water
pressure at the lower levels in comparison to those around the 25-meter mark.Those
living above the 25-meter mark will get their water supplied through a water tank.
The water pressure for owners just above the 25-meter mark will be higher than those
living on the top floor.

As for the high building 15-storey apartment, the most suitable water distribution is
elevated tank. To increase the mid point of low pressure, I will put the pressure
booster at the middle of the building to ensure that the water supply is uniformly
distributed in each residence.

.
WATER DISTRIBUTION AT 3-STOREY SHOPHOUSES, SINGLE STOREY

HOUSE AND LINKED TERRACE.

Water from elevated water tanks is supply directly to consumers due to high amount
of pressure is given by gravity . This is because elevated can maintain a good amount
of water supply for usage even in high demand situations due to gravity.

Similarly,the houses alternative water distribution system must also be kept separate
from the main (or potable) water supply at all times. Figure above provides one
example of a typical water distribution network that could be set up in a standard
alternative water ready house to ensure that your potable and auxiliary water never
cross-contaminate or flow to the wrong faucet, appliance or fixture. In this case,
municipal water is supplied to the sinks, bath/shower, laundry tub and hot water tank.
Purple piping is installed so that it could one day take water from an alternative water
treatment system to the toilets, laundry and outside hose bib and sub grade irrigation
system.

RUBBISH COLLECTION AND DISPOSAL SYSTEM

Door to door collection with container and Disposal (Landfill)

Presently, there are three types of waste disposal categories solid waste disposal and
incineration, medical waste incineration and hazardous waste incineration. The
disposal of solid waste is done almost solely through landfill . There are 168 disposal
sites throughout the country, of which only 7 are sanitary landfills . The rest are open
dumps and about 80 % of these dumps have been filled up to the brim and have to be
closed in 2005.
HIGH RISE BUILDING SUCH AS APARTMENT OR CONDOMINIUM

High-rise buildings typically have a large number of floors, which have built-in
vertical trash chutes with openings on each floor. Residents dump their waste into a
chute on their floor, where it falls into a container at the bottom The chute containers
are then periodically taken to the load-out dock where they are emptied into the
buildings trash compactor, which compacts the waste and pushes it into a large
(typically, 20 cubic yards) roll-off container. To empty the container, a roll off truck
is driven to the building where the container is pulled onto the truck (via a cable or
chain mechanism), taken to the disposal site for emptying, and then returned to the
building.

Each floor of the apartment has specific locations which 2 Wheelie Bins are provided
at different location each . Each week, workers will have to clean up the bin and
dispose at the ground of the apartment where Large Disposal Container is located.
Then, garbage truck by waste collectors will collect it every week.

WSG TriSorter also be installed inside the apartment to differentiate the organic and
inorganic garbage.
SINGLE-STOREY,DOUBLE STOREY AND SHOPHOUSE.

The collection and disposal of solid waste is one of the major problems of sanitation.
Solid waste handling must be analyzed in terms of sound engineering management.
Volume of material, types of material, salvage of requirements, and methods of
disposal is the few causes that all location unaccountably operate identical collection
system.

Improper treatment and disposal of waste is conducive to overcome disease. The most
importantly diseases in this category are dysentery ( amoebic and bacillary ), typhoid,
lepstospirosis, ingestion of food or water that has become contaminated with infected
human or animal waste. Disease can be spread through insect such as dengue and vika.
Proper treatment and disposal of wastes will aid in the control of these diseases.
WHEELIE BINS
A Wheelie Bin is provided at the front every houses for disposal of solid waste before
waste is collected by garbage truck. Many waste collectors use wheelie bins for safe
and efficient collection of waste. Wheelie bins are also less likely than refuse sacks to
cause a litter problem as they cannot be torn by animals, vandals or high winds. You
must present your waste in a wheelie bin or it will not be collected. Most waste
collectors operate a system of waste separation. Different types of waste must be put
in colour-coded wheelie bins, such as brown bins for compost, green bins for
recycling and black or grey bins for waste going to landfill.

GARBAGE AND RUBBISH COLLECTION TRUCK REQUIREMENTS

Frequency of pickup of garbage and other refused material will have a significant
impact on the number of vehicles employed in the operation. A s a general rule, refuse
pickup should be executed twice a week. Twice a week pickup will reduce the fly
population by breaking the flys life cycle. Collection of garbage from all food service
facilities and similar facilities is on daily basis. All other facilities are on twice a week
basis.

The requirement for refuse truck is :

 Truck beds must be made as watertight as possible

A suitable cover such as canvas or chicken wire must be provided to keep refuse

from blowing off

If it desired, the sides of the truck may be built up to increase capacity

If the truck is converted back for the other use, it must be steam-cleaned or

cleaned with hot soapy water, and if it is to be used for transporting any food

products, it must be disinfected with a 100mg/L chlorine solution

Length of hauls, truck should begin collecting materials at point farthest from

disposal facilities, so there is a minimum of travel with a full load. The quantity of

refuse accumulated daily within any one collection area can vary. The truck crew may

change the length of each route from day-to-day to allow for variations in quantities

and still cover the route adequately.

 REFERENCES

WEBSITE

https://dec.alaska.gov/water/opcert/Docs/Chapter5.pdf

1. http://www.conserve-energy-future.com/waste-management-and-waste-disposal-
methods.php
http://people.howstuffworks.com/water.htm

https://www.slideshare.net/E185/sem-2-cold-water-supply-2

http://www.defence.gov.au/jlc/Documents/DSCC/ADF%20Health%20Manual%2
0Vol%2020,%20part8,%20chp3.pdf

2. http://www.health.gov.au/internet/publications/publishing.nsf/Content/ohp-enheal
th-manual-atsi-cnt-l~ohp-enhealth-manual-atsi-cnt-l-ch4~ohp-enhealth-manual-at
si-cnt-l-ch4.8