Educational Leadership & Management (EDU602)

Assignment 3 (Spring 2017) Solution Bc170202215

Total Marks: 25
(Topics 193-228)

Instructions:

Late assignments will not be accepted.

If the file is corrupt or problematic, it will be marked zero.
Plagiarism will never be tolerated. Plagiarism occurs when a student uses
work done by someone else as if it was his or her own; however, taking
the ideas from different sources and expressing them in your own words
will be encouraged.
No assignment will be accepted via e-mail.
The solution file should be in Word document format; the font color
should be preferably black and font size should be 12 Times New Roman.

Q 1: Why conflicts in an organization arise? Write any five strategies managers

should adopt to minimize conflicts in an organization. (10 marks)

Marks Distribution of Question No. 1

Reasons of conflict (5*1=5)
Five Strategies (5*1=5)

Q 2: Write any ten strategies to decrease stress in an organization by using at

least five internet sources. (15 Marks)

Marks Distribution of Question No. 2

Five internet sources (1 mark for each source) Give resources at end also
Ten Strategies (1 mark for each)
Answer:

Question .1:-

What is conflict?
The dispute that arises when goals, interests or values of different individuals or
groups are incompatible and those people block or thwart each others efforts to
achieve their objectives. Conflict is inevitable given the wide range of goals for the
different stakeholder in the organization.

Why conflict in an organization arise.

Causes
Root cause

Violation of bottom line rules and regulations or norms

Overlapping Authority

Two or more managers claim authority for the same activities which leads to conflict
between the managers and workers.

Task Interdependencies

One member of a group or a group fails to finish a task that another member or group
depends on, causing the waiting worker or group to fall behind.

Different Evaluation or Reward Systems

A group is rewarded for achieving a goal, but another interdependent group is

rewarded for achieving a goal that conflicts with the first group.

Scarce Resources

Managers can come into conflict over the allocation of scare resources.

Status Inconsistencies

Some individuals and groups have a higher organizational status than others, leading
to conflict with lower status groups.

Functional Conflict Resolution

Handling conflict by compromise or collaboration between parties

Strategies for overcome the conflicts in an organization

Compromise

Each party is concerned about their goal accomplishment and is willing to engage in
give-and-take exchange to reach a reasonable solution.

Collaboration

Parties try to handle the conflict without making concessions by coming up with a
new way to resolve their differences that leaves them both better off.

Accommodation

One party simply gives in to the other party

Avoidance

Two parties try to ignore the problem and do nothing to resolve the disagreement

Competition

Each party tries to maximize its own gain and has little interest in understanding the
others position

Negotiation

Parties to a conflict try to come up with a solution acceptable to themselves by

considering various alternative ways to allocate resources to each other. These things
can help to minimize the organization conflict.

Increasing awareness of the sources of conflict

Increasing diversity awareness and skills

Practicing job rotation

Using permanent transfers or dismissals when necessary

Changing an organizations structure or culture

Altering the source of conflict

Answer
Question.2:

Strategies for reduce stress in an organization.

Exercise, or play sports

Exercise and physical activity not only tell your body to release stress-battling
hormones, but both practices have a ton of other benefits too, like allowing you to
procrastinate less, focus more, and act more disciplined. Exercise has consistently
been shown to be one of the most effective activities to reduce stress, and its also the
thing on this list that people put off the most. If youre serious about relieving stress,
you should not overlook how effective exercise is at calming you down. And the
practice not only reduces stress in the short-term. Research has shown that exercise
actually reorganizes the brain to be more resilient to stress in the long run.

Meditate

I harp on the benefits of meditation all the time, and I even recently spent 35 hours
meditating to observe its effects. Meditation is much easier than it sounds on the
surface (I wrote a guide on how to meditate if youre curious), and its effects are
incredible. Meditation reduces your blood pressure, reduces your negative emotions,
and if youre looking to reduce stress, helps you relax more than anything else on this
list. You dont need anything special to get started, either.

Read

I personally cant think of a better way to escape life than to pick up a good book.
One study found that reading can reduce your stress by an astounding 68%, because
your mind is invited into a literary world that is free from the stressors that plague
your daily life.

Listen to music

Listening to music is so effective at relieving stress that theres a whole organization

named the American Music Therapy Association designed to study and promote
musics effects on health. Studies have shown that listening to slow, relaxing music
slows down your pulse and heart rate, lowers your blood pressure, and actually
decreases levels of stress hormones in your body. Listening to more music is one of
the easier items on this list to fit into your routine, and its also one of the most
effective.
 Go for a nature walk

Going for a nice walk outdoors not only provides you with exercise, but it also
significantly reduces your stress levels. One study found that, even if it was dead-cold
outside, participants memory and attention spans improved by 20% when they took a
walk through nature.

Spend time with friends and family

Investing time into your relationships has far-reaching benefits for your health. A
strong social support network made up of friends and family gives you a sense of
belonging, increased self-worth, security, and mostly important, significantly reduces
your stress levels. According to the Mayo Clinic, taking the time to build a social
support network is a wise investment not only in your mental well-being but also in
your physical health and longevity.

Invest time in a creative hobby

When you invest time in a creative hobby, similar to when you pick up a good book,
your mind has a chance to take a break from stress-inducing activities and jump into a
fun place with no deadlines, rules, or pressure. Whether youre into woodworking,
writing, or painting, spending time with a creative hobby allows your mind to take a
break and relax, while still engaging in something productive!

Pray, or attend a religious service

Praying or attending a religious service have been shown in studies to reduce

participants stress levels because both activities connected them with a higher
purpose. Connecting yourself with a higher purpose (whether through a religious
practice or otherwise) greatly reduces your stress levels, and doing so has also been
shown to provide you with more mental, emotional, and physical energy! The bottom
line: Activities like exercising, reading, listening to music, and spending time with a
creative hobby are all much more productive ways to reduce your stress levels. They
actually reduce the stress hormones in your body instead of just covering up their
effects.
Internet Sources

Google
Wikipedia
PDF Files
Discussion Forum
PPT Slides