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contribute to more than one third of all child deaths, although it is rarely listed as the direct
cause. Many factors can contribute to high rates of child malnutrition such as political instability,
slow economic growth, frequency of infectious diseases and the lack of education. These factors
can vary across countries. Malnutrition commonly affects all groups in a community, but infants
and young children are the most vulnerable because of their high nutritional requirements for
growth and development. In the Philippines, malnutrition continues to be one of the most
common diseases that plague most Filipino children. According to Food and Nutrition Research
Institute (FNRI), the country is facing the worst chronic malnutrition rate among children
especially below 2 years old at 26.2% in the last 10 years. According to the FNRI, because of the
rising prices of commodities, there has been a lack of access to highly nutritious foods thus
making it the common cause of malnutrition. Aside from that, poor feeding practices such as
inadequate breastfeeding and offering the wrong types of food also contribute to the poor
socio-cultural insufficiencies that contribute to a childs inability to reach his ideal status in
health. Due to this, school ordinances such as school based feeding programs, health teaching
campaigns and gardening have been used in the pursuit of solving the problem of malnutrition
(DepEd, 2015).
1
Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is fundamental to the
development of each childs full human potential. It is well recognized that the period from birth
to two years of age is a critical window for the promotion of optimal growth, health and
behavioural development (Department of Child and Adolescent Health and Development, 2005).
Infants grow normally during the first six months of life because breastfeeding
adequately meets their nutrient requirement for that age; however, after the sixth month, breast
milk alone is no longer sufficient to sustain the rapidly growing infant unless breast milk is
supplemented with other types of food. If the nutrient requirements are inadequately met, infants
show a decreasing trend in growth beyond six months. This retardation of growth becomes
accentuated especially during the second year of life (WHO, 2005). With these observations,
be able to do this every mother should know how to prepare and serve right kind of nutritious
food.
In 2016, the Municipality of Sergio Osmea, Sr. had the highest malnutrition rate among
the municipalities in Zamboanga del Norte. Danao and San Jose were among the barangays with
the highest malnutrition status. In the municipality both barangays Barangay are farming
communities and most of the households fall below the poverty line. The commonly prepared
food for the children in these communities are cooked rice, vegetable soup, dried fish and canned
goods which is not sufficient to fulfil the nutritional needs of growing children. During the
Medicine, among the 42 children 6-24 months old in Barangay San Jose, 13(40%) were
2
underweight,6(14%) severely underweight, 12 (28.5%) are stunted, 21(50%) severely stunted. In
Barangay Danao among 18 children 7(39%) are underweight, 1 severely underweight, 4(18%).
Barangay Bila Buko, mountain province Philippines in 1994 by UNICEF to address the
malnutrition problem. Bila was its pilot area. Ground rice, monggo, and sesame seeds were used
to make INSUMIX during that time. The INSUMIX is a mixture consisting of a variety of
indigenous products such as rice, monggo or beans, dried anchovy or shrimp , oil and sugar.
In Region IX, the local government units of Dipolog City, Zamboanga del Norte and the
Municipality of Tungawan, Zamboanga Sibugay province have been producing INSUMIX for
malnourished children below 5 years old. In Dipolog City, the ingredients used are black rice
with monggo and sesame seeds. In Tungawan, the ingredients used are rice and monggo. For this
study, corn flour will be utilized since it is rich in carbohydrates but has a minimal amount of
protein and fats. It is a good source of dietary fiber which aids in digestion. It also has folate,
thiamine, phosphorus, Vitamin C and magnesium. Another ingredient that was used is monggo.
Monggo is a locally available legume that is a good source of protein, folate, iron, magnesium,
phosphorus and copper. Carrot was used since it is a good source of beta-carotene, fibre,
Vitamin K, potassium and antioxidants. Another ingredient that was used squash. Yellow squash
is a rich source of Vitamin A and C, magnesium, fiber, riboflavin, phosphorus, potassium and
Vitamin B6. Since all of the mentioned ingredients are available in the locality, it will be used to
produce the INSUMIX. It is, therefore, the aim of this study to evaluate the effectiveness of the
locally-produced INSUMIX in improving the nutritional status of the children ages 6-24 months.
3
B. Review of Related literature
of nutritionally adequate, safe and appropriate supplementary foods that help meet
foods can be readily consumed and digested by the young child from six months onwards
and provides nutrients - energy, protein, fat and vitamins and minerals - to help meet the
In 2012, the Department of Science and Technology in coordination with the Food and
complementary feeding. This food blend powder comes in 100-gram ready-to-eat and ready-
to-cook packages. This complementary food is an instant food preparation rich in protein and
energy, processed using the extrusion cooking method. It contains 120 kilocalories and 4
grams of protein per 100 grams and is given to the children daily for 120 days. This
formulation is sufficient to meet the 17 percent recommended energy and nutrient intake for
children aged 6 to 12 months and 29 percent of the recommended protein intake for the
Sesame blend for complementary feeding on the nutritional status among children 6-35
months in Antique, Occidental Mindoro, Leyte and Iloilo. The results of the study showed that
of the 719 children enrolled in the 120-day feeding program, the prevalence of underweight
4
Magsadia, et al (2015), as well, evaluated the effect of the Rice-Monggo-Sesame blend
on the nutritional status of the children ages 6-35 months was evaluated in the Municipality of
Jabonga, Agusan del Norte. Of the 252 children ages 6-35 months who were enrolled in the
120-day feeding program, there was a noted significant decrease in the number of
underweight children from 86% to 78%. The number of children who were wasted also
supplementary processed protein food fortified with essential vitamins and mineral on the
growth and nutritional status of undernourished weaned infant. The infants were given malt,
groundnut flour, Bengal flour and skimmed milk powder since the ingredients were locally
available. The feeding was conducted for 9 months. Of the 44 weaned malnourished infants
ranging from age 9 to 20 months enrolled in the feeding program, 80% of them had an
improvement in their nutritional status in terms of height, weight and haemoglobin level.
A similar study was done by Huybregts, et al (2012) wherein the effect of adding
ready-to-use supplementary food on the nutritional status and morbidity of children ages 6
to 36 months in Abeche, Chad was evaluated for 4 months in children. There were 1,038
children included in this study wherein a lipid-based nutrient supplement was given. Results
of the study showed that there was a significant improvement in the height-for-age z-scores
with an average increase of 0.03 HAZ-score per month. There was also a significant increase
in the weight of the children with an average of 0.02 kilograms per month.
in child weight gain was evaluated in Southeastern Brazil in the year 2003 and 2008. A
5
cohort study including secondary data on 25, 433 low-income children aged between 6 and 24
months were included in the study. The intervention performed was the distribution of
fortified milk. The program had a positive effect on child weight gain with a mean gain z-
score of 0.193 among those with a normal nutritional status before the intervention; 0.566
among those with risk of low weight; and 1.005 among those with low weight. The conclusion
derived from this study was that the program was effective for weight gain in children
younger than two years, with a more pronounced effect on children who start the program
counselling and targeted distribution and feeding of corn/soy-blended flour for up to 8 weeks.
Each child received 65 kcal/kg/d/ of the locally produced soy/peanut supplementary food, a
Anthropometric measurements were taken every 2 weeks. Of the 2,417 children enrolled in
the study, 80% recovered from malnutrition. Weight, length and mid-upper arm circumference
gain were 2.6 grams/day, 0.2 millimeter/day and 0.1 millimeter/day respectively.
These studies demonstrate the ability of supplementary foods to address the issue of
malnutrition.
6
C. Statement of the problem
This study sought to determine if locally made INSUMIX improves the nutritional
status of children 6 months to 24 months old in Barangays San Jose and Danao.
D. Objectives
a. General Objective
To determine the effect of locally made INSUMIX on the nutritional status of children
aged 6 months to 24 months in Barangay San Jose and Danao, Sergio Osmea, Zamboanga
del Norte.
b. Specific objectives
a. To determine the nutritional status of children 6 months to 2 year before and after the
intervention.
b. To compare the nutritional status of children 6 months to 2 years before and after
intervention.
c. To determine the height and weight of children 6 months to 2 years before intervention.
d. To compare the height and weight of the children 6 months to 2 years after intervention.
E. Hypothesis
Null: Locally made insumix have no effect on the nutritional status of children 6 to 24 months
old regarding their weight and height in Barangay San Jose and Danao, Sr. Osmea,
Alternative: Locally made insumix have an effect on the nutritional status of children 6 to 24
months old regarding increase in their weight and height in Barangay San Jose and Danao, Sr.
7
F. Operational Definition of terms
b. Nutritional status: defined as condition of the body in those respects influenced by the
diet; in this study underweight, severely underweight, stunted and severely stunted.
G. Conceptual framework
Insumix
8
Figure 1: Conceptual framework of the study
The figure above shows the general sequence of the study. Inadequate nutritional intake by
the children which result in underweight and stunting in age group 6 to 24 months. To
address this problem, the INSUMIX was produced by using locally available ingredients. In
order to determine its effectiveness it was distributed to consume daily for 3 months. Weight
The findings of this result will benefit the malnourished children. The result of the study
will encourage the local nutritionist , mothers and Local Government Unit to use and make
This study is only limited to 6 months old to 24 months old children with malnutrition
residing in Barangay San Jose and Barangay Danao. This study only measures the change in
nutritional status of the individual respondents at the end of the study. This study does not
9
CHAPTER II
METHODOLOGY
A. Research Design
This study utilized the pre and post interventional experimental study to determine the
months.
B. Research Setting
The study took place in two Barangays in the Municipality of Sergio Osmea,
Zamboanga del Norte. Barangay San Jose, which has a population of 4000 individuals, lies 9
kilometres away from the Municipal Hall . Barangay Danao, which has a population of 1000
individuals lies 5 kilometres away from the municipal hall. Both of the barangays are farming
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion Criteria
10
C. Sample size and sample design
fortified with essential vitamins and minerals on growth and nutritional status of
undernourished infants, the computed sample size of 60 respondents were needed with 80%
power and 95% confidence interval using STATA Version 10. A purposive sampling method
with intention to recruit the total count of all malnourished children aged 6 months to 2 years
old that was seen on October 2016 was used in this study.
a. Pre-interventional phase
Ms. Sherwayne Joy B. Entrina, the Municipal Nutrition Action Officer of Sergio
Mrs. Trinidad J. Clamohoy, an administrative aid officer from the Municipal Social Welfare
procedure for INSUMIX production. Courtesy calls to the respective Barangay Captains and
a short meeting with the Barangay nutrition scholar (BNS), and Barangay Health Worker
(BHW) was done and detail about activity and the study was given. A schedule was fixed to
gather the children ages 6 to 24 months old. On the scheduled date, the height and weight of
the children were measured and they were categorized as underweight (low weight for age
below minus two standard deviation from the median weight for age), severely underweight
( low weight for age below minus three standard deviation from the median weight for age),
stunted (low height for age below minus two standard deviation from the median height for
11
age), severely stunted (low height for age below minus three standard deviations from the
median height for age). Refer to Appendix D for the chart of the WHO Growth Reference
Standard. Non-digital hanging weighing scale was used to measure the weight of the
children while a stadiometer was used to obtain height as recommended and provided for by
the National Nutrition Council. The height and weight monitoring activity was accompanied
by two trained field RHU nurses, BNS and BHW. Protocols for measuring height and
At the MSWD office, the researcher was taught by Mrs. Clamohoy on how to create the
INSUMIX powder for distribution and on how to prepare the INSUMIX powder for
consumption. A calorie count for 1 kilogram of INSUMIX was done by Ms. Milafaye
Logroo, a registered nutritionist. Based on Food Exchange list for meal planning guide by
INSUMIX needed per children was done and was calculated that severely underweight and
severely stunted children would need 100 gm per day and underweight and stunted would
need 75 gm per day. The estimation was based on the nutritional needs of the child and the
Six children, with ages ranging from 6 to 24 months were randomly selected from
Barangay San Jose for taste test. Mothers of the children were given 3 packs of 100 grams of
INSUMIX along with instruction on how to prepare the INSUMIX for consumption. All 3
packs of INSUMIX were consumed within 3 days and according to the mothers, all the
children liked the taste. There were also no complaints of diarrhea, constipation, vomiting,
12
b. Intervention phase
Fresh ingredients for production of INSUMIX (corn flour, carrot, squash) were
purchased from the local farmers and market. For corn flour, the sweet corn (Bisaya Corn)
was used because of its good taste and sweetness. To 1 kilogram of corn flour, 250 grams
of mongo, 150 grams of squash, 150 grams of carrots and 100 grams of sesame seeds was
added.
Carrot and squash were shredded into fine pieces and were sun dried for 1 day. The
dried pieces were crushed to make a powder . Corn flour was toasted for 10 minutes in low
heat then set aside. Then monggo beans along with sesame seeds were toasted for 10
minutes. Toasted mongo beans along with sesame seeds were crushed together to make
powder form. All the toasted ingredients were mixed well to create the INSUMIX powder.
Seventy-five (75) grams and 100 grams of the INSUMIX were packed and sealed by
the researcher with the help of a trained MSWD official. All the packs were transported
and distributed to the respondents. Before the distribution, brief discussion of information
about the INSUMIX content was given. A demonstration on how to prepare INSUMIX
powder for consumption was shown by the researcher to the mothers and primary
caregivers. During the demonstration, 1 pack of INSUMIX was added to 1 cup of boiling
water. Mix for 2 minutes by constantly stirring it. Then it was left to cool for 3-5 minutes.
Every month, the respondents who were underweight or stunted received 30 75-gram packs
(2.25 kilograms) and respondents who were severely underweight or severely stunted
received 30 100-gram packs (3 kilograms) of INSUMIX. Along with the INSUMIX pack,
13
a guide on how to prepare the INSUMIX powder for consumption was provided to the
mothers and primary caregivers, just in case if the mothers and primary caregivers forget
the steps on how to prepare INSUMIX meal or if there is a change in the caregiver of the
respondent. See Appendix A for guide. A consent form was also signed by the mothers
and/or the primary caregivers of the respondents prior to the distribution of the INSUMIX.
A checklist was given to the BNS and BHW to trace the amount of INSUMIX being
consumed by the respondents weekly. It was done by counting the remaining packs of
INSUMIX found in the home every week after the distribution. See Appendix B for
checklist.
Height and weight of the respondents were monitored every month. Production and
distribution of INSUMIX was done monthly for 3 months. Every month, the respondents
were categorized according to their nutritional status and were given INSUMIX according
After 3 months of distribution and feeding, training for selected mothers from both
barangays by Mrs. Triniad J. Clamohoy on how to produce INSUMIX powder using local
E. Data Analysis
Descriptive statistics was used to analyse the data. Paired T-test was used to compare the
mean weight and height before and after the intervention. A comparison of proportions
was done to compare the number of malnourished children before and after the
intervention.
14
F. Ethical Considerations
The rights and health concern of the children are considered in this study. Children whose
parents refuse to be part of the study due to cultural or religious reasons will be respected of
their decision. Untoward incidents that may occur such as vomiting or diarrhea or constipation
or sudden onset of rashes among the children with the most probable reason due to INSUMIX
during the course of the intervention be held responsible by the researcher and medical expenses
will be shouldered. This study does not require any monetary assistance from the households .
15
CHAPTER III
Respondent characteristic
There were a total of 53 respondents enrolled in 1 group during the course of the study,
among which, 37 were from Barangay San Jose and 16 were from Barangay Danao. The
computed sample size was 60 but the researcher was unable to attain the computed sample
size. The youngest respondent was 6 month and the eldest was 24 months. The weight of the
respondents ranged from 6 kg to 11.5 kg and the height ranged from 60 cm to 85 cm.
6-12 5 12 32%
13-18 10 7 32%
19-24 8 11 36%
16
a. Weight
Table 2. Change in weight for age among respondents within three months of INSUMIX
feeding.
Number of respondents (n=27)
19 (60%)
Normal weight 0 (0%)
7 (26%)
Under weight 19 (70%)
8 (30%) 1 (3%)
Severely underweight
Table 2. shows that, at the end of 3 months, among 19 underweight children, 15 gained
children gained normal weight, 3 became underweight and 1 remained severely underweight.
total number of 6 children with normal weight. Among those 19 underweight, 14 remained
17
During 2nd post intervention 7 out of 15 underweight and 2 out of 6 severely
total count of 15 children who attained normal weight. Among those 15 underweight children,
underweight making a total 9 underweight and 3 severely underweight at the end of the 2nd
post intervention.
During 3rd post intervention, 3 out of 9 children who were underweight and 1 out of 3
who were severely underweight improved to normal weight, so in total, 4 improved to normal
weight making a total count of 19 children with normal weight. Among those 9 underweight
underweight making a total of 7 underweight children and 1 severely underweight child at the
From a mean weight of 7.8 kg prior to the study, there was an increase to 8.9 kg after 3
months with a p-value<0.000. Weight gain ranged from 500 gm to 1.8kg after daily
consuming locally produced INSUMIX for 3 months. There was no noted respondent who had
decrease in weight within 3 months of study. Based on the weight gain of 1.1kg in 3 months ,
18
b. Height
Table 3. Change in height for age among respondents within three months of insumix feeding.
Number of respondents (n=44)
Normal 0 24 (55%)
Table 3. shows that At the end of 3 months, among 16 stunted children, 11 gained
normal height and 5 remained stunted. Among 28 severely stunted, 13 children gained normal
During the 1st post intervention, 4 out of 16 stunted and 4 out of 28 severely stunted
children improved to normal height, thus, a total of 8 improved to normal height. Among 16
stunted children, 12 remained stunted. Among 28 severely stunted, 3 improved to stunted thus
making a total number of 15 stunted children and 21 severely stunted children at the end of the
During 2nd post intervention, 5 out of 15 stunted and 6 out of 21 severely stunted
improved to normal height, thus a total of 11 children improved to normal height making a
total count of 19 children who attained normal height. Among 15 stunted children, 10
remained stunted. Among 21 severely stunted children, 6 improved to being stunted children
thus making a total number of 16 stunted and 9 severely stunted children at the end of the 2nd
post intervention.
19
During the 3rd post intervention, 2 out of 16 children who were stunted and 3 out of 9
who severely stunted improved to normal height, thus a total of 5 children improved to normal
height making a total count of 24 who attained normal height. Among 16 stunted children, 14
remained stunted. Among 9 severely stunted children, 1 improved to stunted thus making a
total number of 15 stunted and 5 severely stunted at the end of the 3rd post intervention. The
highest height gained was 16 cm and lowest height gained was 2.8 cm The mean score of
From an average height of 69.9 cm before the intervention, the average height increased
to 78.1 cm 3 months after the intervention with a p-value<.000. There was a total mean
increase of 8.2 cm in height. The respondents height ranged from 60 cm to 85 cm. The height
The result above showed that only 89% of the mothers/caregivers were consistent on feeding
every day.
20
CHAPTER IV
DISCUSSION
Infants and young children, particularly aged 6 to 24 months, are most vulnerable for
malnutrition due to their high nutritional requirements for growth and development.
Therefore, this study focused on that age group in high risk of malnutrition. Since the
ingredients for INSUMIX were easily available in the community, the idea of producing
supplementary food to overcome malnutrition problem was created. Once produced, mothers
were given a monthly supply of INSUMIX for 3 consecutive months. As the mothers and
primary caregivers were also taught how to prepare the INSUMIX for feeding, the cost-
effectiveness of production were also discussed. The cost production for 1 kg of INSUMIX
good for 10 days was roughly 50 to 60 pesos, which gives an estimated 5 to 6 pesos per meal.
In this study, the number of children who attained a normal weight-for-age status
increased from 0% to 60%. The number of children who attained a normal length-for-age
status increased from 0% to 55%. One of the factors that resulted to the improvement in the
nutritional status of the children was attributed to the nutritional value of the INSUMIX, not
as a replacement for the main meals but instead only as supplements to feeding. The average
calorie requirement for children ages 6 to 24 months is 1000 kilocalories/day. The average
protein needed for this age group is 15 grams. In the study of Dorado, et al (2012) and
INSUMIX utilized in this study. One hundred (100) grams of the Rice-Monggo-Sesame blend
contains 120 kilocalories and only 4 grams of protein whereas 100 grams of the locally
produced INSUMIX contains 150 kilocalories and 15 grams of protein as computed according
21
to the FNRI-Food Exchange List. Therefore, the locally produced INSUMIX was able to meet
the recommended protein intake of 15 grams per day for the age group. Because of attaining
the recommended protein intake for the age group, improvements in the nutritional status were
Another factor that contributed to the positive effect of INSUMIX on improving the
nutritional status of the children was the regularity of mothers or primary caregivers on giving
the INSUMIX daily. Forty-seven (47) out of 53 mothers followed the instructions that it
should be given on daily basis. Since in the study of Dorado (2012) and Magsadia (2015), the
Rice-Monggo-Sesame blend was given daily for 120 days, the INSUMIX feeding in this study
was also given daily for 90 days or 3 months. During the course of the INSUMIX feeding,
there was no reported case of loose bowel movement, constipation and vomiting thus
encouraging the mothers and primary caregivers to continuously give the feeding to their
children. According to mothers and primary caregivers, the steps in preparing the INSUMIX
feeding for feeding were easy and required a short time to prepare thus further encouraging
the mothers and primary caregivers to give the feeding daily. Even as the INSUMIX feeding
was done for 90 days compared to the 120-day feeding in the study of Dorado (2012) and
children, a monthly increase of 0.2-0.3 kilogram is expected among these age groups. In this
study, the average weight gain among the children in this study was noted to be 1.10 kilogram
in 3 months or 0.36 kilogram per month, therefore achieving the expected monthly weight
increase as stated by the FNRI. According to Nelson (2011), the average length increase of a
22
child since birth up to 24 months is 1 inch or 2.54 cm per month. In this study, the
recommended height increase was achieved as the average increase during the 3 months of
underweight children attained normal weight. Despite the increasing weight of all the
remained severely underweight. There was no noted decrease in weight throughout the study.
This therefore signifies that the increases in weight were not enough to cause a change in the
z-scores of the children and, as well, cause a change in the category of the nutritional status to
one of lesser severity. When classified according to height-for-age, out of 16 stunted children,
11 gained normal height, while 5 remained stunted. Out of 28 severely stunted children, 13
gained normal height and 10 became stunted while 5 remained severely stunted. This also
signifies that the increases in height were not enough to cause a change in the z-scores of the
children and, as well, cause a change in the category of the nutritional status to one of lesser
severity. This changes in weight and height could have been better assessed and appreciated if
the monitoring was done for a minimum of 6 months (Dewey & Adu-Afarwuah, 2008)
23
CHAPTER V
After daily consumption of INSUMIX for 3 months there was a significant mean weight
increase by 1.1 kg and height by 8.2 cm. 19 out of 27 respondents attained normal weight and
24 out of 44 respondents gained normal height within the span of 3 months. Given these results it
can be concluded that locally made INSUMIX is effective in improving the nutritional status of
Given this outcome, the researcher suggests that further studies be conducted in the same
settings for a longer period of time using the locally available ingredients. In which mongo can
be replaced by dilis (dried fish or shrimps) and carrot can be replaced or added with malunggay
(Morianga olifera leaves). Researcher also recommends to do an objective taste test of INSUMIX
before the distribution. The outcomes would have been much better if it was monitored whether
24
References
Dewey, K. and Adu-Afarwuah, S. (2008). Systematic review of the efficacy and effectiveness
of complementary feeding interventions in developing countries. Maternal and
Child Nutrition. Retrieved on May 24, 2017 from
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1740-8709.2007.00124.x/pdf
Dorado, J., et al (2012). Development of model for DOST PINOY (Package for the
improvement of nutrition of young children:A nutrition intervention strategy.
Retrieved on May 23, 2017 from
122.53.86.125/Seminar%20Series/40th/Malnutrition%20Reduction%
20Program.pdf.
Jilcott, S., Ickes, S., Ammerman, A., and Myhre, J. (2009, February 7). Iterative design,
Implementation and Evaluation of a Supplemental Feeding Program for
Underweight Children ages 6-59 months in Western Uganda. Maternal Child
Health Journal, Vol 14. Retrieved august 2, 2016 from
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19199014
Lieven Huybregts et al(2012) The Effect of Adding Ready-to-Use Supplementary Food to a
General Food Distribution on Child Nutritional Status and Morbidity: A Cluster-
Randomized Controlled Trial
Lagrone et al (2010) Locally produced ready-to-use supplementary food is an effective
treatment of moderate acute malnutrition in an operational setting.
Magsadia, C. (2015). The effect of the complementary food produced by the Food and
Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI) on the nutritional status of the children ages 6-
35 months. Retrieved on May 22, 2017 from
http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/index.php/21-publications?start=4
Soldao (2010) the effect of lecture and meal guide on the knowledge , attitude and practices
of mothers with undernourished children ages 2-5 years old regarding proper
meal preparation and nutritional status of their meal prepration and on their
nutritional status of the undernourished children in fishing village , barangay
Poblacion, Alicia, Zamboanga Sibugay Province
Smith, L. C., & Haddad, L. (2000). Overcoming child malnutrition in developing countries:
Past achievements and future choices. International Food Policy and Research
Institute. Retrieved December 9,2009 from
http://www.ifpri.org/publication/overcoming-child-malnutrition-developing-
countries.
MICS4 manual Anthropometry
https://flbbilanian.wordpress.com/published-articles/insumix-on-the-go-at-bila-bauko-
mountain-province/
Monitoring the achievements of MDGs using CBMS , Proceeding of the @008 National
conference on CBMS pdf
Home-based rehabilitation of severely malnourished children using indigenous
high-density diet by Durre-Samin Akram,et al.
Experts of WHO, WFP, United Nations Standing Committee on Nutrition, UNICEF.
Community based management of severe acutemalnutrition: A joint statement by the
25
World Health Organization,the World Food Program, the United Nations Standing
Committeeon Nutrition and the United Nations Children Fund. WHO. Geneva:
2007..
Department of Science and Technology (2015) DOSTs complementary food helps dip
malnutrition in Agusan del Norte Town, study says. Retrieved on December 1, 2016
from http://www.dost.gov.ph/knowledge-resources/news/44-2015-news/708-dost-s-
complementary-food-helps-dip-malnutrition-in-agusan-del-norte-town-study-says
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http://www.fnri.dost.gov.ph/
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Nelsons textbook of paediatrics, 19th edition
26
APPENDIX A
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Nutritional facts
Protein 15gms
Fats 5gms
27
APPENDIX B
Name: Weight:
Age: Height:
left Constipation
day
1st
2nd
3rd
4th
28
Appendix C
29
MEASURING A CHILDS LENGTH: SUMMARY OF PROCEDURES
(1) Measurer or assistant: Place the measuring board on a hard flat surface, such as the
(2) Assistant: Place the questionnaire and pen on the ground, floor or table (Arrow 1). Kneel
with both knees behind the base of the board, if it is on the ground or floor (Arrow 2).
(3) Measurer: Kneel on the right side of the child so that you can hold the footpiece with your
(4) Measurer and assistant: With the mothers help, lay the child on the board by doing the
following:
Assistant: Support the back of the childs head with your hands and gradually lower the
(5) Measurer or assistant: If she is not the assistant, ask the mother to kneel on the opposite
side of the board facing the measurer to help keep the child calm.
(6) Assistant: Cup your hands over the childs ears (Arrow 4). With your arms comfortably
straight (Arrow 5), place the childs head against the base of the board so that the child is
looking straight up. The childs line of sight should be perpendicular to the ground (Arrow
6). Your head should be straight over the childs head. Look directly into the childs eyes.
(7) Measurer: Make sure the child is lying flat and in the centre of the board (Arrow 7). Place
your left hand on the childs shins (above the ankles) or on the knees (Arrow 8). Press them
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firmly against the board. With your right hand, place the footpiece firmly against the childs
(8) Measurer and assistant: Check the childs position (Arrows 1-9). Repeat any steps as
necessary.
(9) Measurer: When the childs position is correct, read and call out the measurement to the
nearest 0.1 centimetre. Remove the footpiece, release your left hand from the childs shins or
(10) Assistant: Immediately release the childs head, record the measurement and show it to the
measurer. Alternatively, the assistant could call out the measurement and have the measurer
NOTE: If the assistant is untrained, the measurer records the length on the questionnaire.
(11) Measurer: Check the recorded measurement on the questionnaire for accuracy and
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APPENDIX D
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33
34
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APPENDIX E
Production of insumix
Materials needed
1. 1 Gas stove
2. 1 Wok
3. 1 Spatula
4. 1 Mixing bowl
5. 1 Weighing scale
6. 1 Shredder
Ingredients
2. 250 gm of mongo
3. 150 gm of squash
4. 100 gm carrot
1. Wash and peel the squash ad carrot then shred into fine pieces and let it sun dry ( or it can be
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Appendix F
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