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________________________
Dr Ali Bayat(11)
Professor Department of Urdu,
University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran(11)

''Tarjman ul Ghaib'':Analytical Study(13)


'Tarjman ul Ghaib' is a translation of 'Dewaan e Hafiz'.The
Translator molvi Ehtsham ul din Haqi was born in Delhi in
1880.He translated Dewaan e Hafiz when a resistance
against hafiz's poetry took place in united India.This
translation has much importance. In this article the qualities
of translation have been discussed in detail.
________________________

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