Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Education
10: Practice for managing time and space
1. Managing time
a. Lesson and Lesson planning
i. Formal Education is defined by time period
ii. The division of education into time units is a way which it is managed.
For teachers and students, it is called a lesson (period or session)
iii. Classroom management practice for most teachers is thus grounded in
planning and preparation of activity in lesson or sequences of lessons.
iv. Woods (1996) states the (example) lists of influences in lesson
planning on one of teachers
v. Number of students attending
vi. Availability of photocopying
vii. Knowledge about students prior course experience
viii. Contribution to lesson plan: to play at different juncture in session and
different period of time.
Lesson Planning
Expected student
contribution Time Available
- Strategic Framing not only works for individual lessons. It is also provides
curricular continuity through programs of learning.
2. Managing Classroom Space
a. Organize of furniture and seating arrangement
b. Movement patterns of teachers and students during lesson
c. Particular conventions such as students standing to answer teachers question
d. Use of resource if any, including any board, and use of wall space
e. Other physical features of the classroom- color, lighting, entrances and their
position.
3. Using vertical space
a. Concern about the use of classroom space, the use of floor space, or horizontal
aspects(Theres a picture of classroom seating in a book, I will show you
tomorrow ^_^
b. Management of classroom space influences interaction patterns, teacher/
student relationship and teacher/student relationship, classroom atmosphere
and learning opportunity
4. Extending classroom time and space: classrooms without walls
a. Provide the activities like homework, study time or project work all imply
a certain degree of time management by learners.
1. Teacher talk
a. Teachers talking in the target language is an important source of learning input
in contexts where the target language is not heard frequently outside the
classroom, and where theres a shortage if resources (e.g. audio and video
tape)
b. Explanations of instructions may provide the social stability and emotional
reassurance that learners require in order to do particular activities.
2. Studies of exchange patterns in classroom discourse
a. Participation and engagement
i. How classroom talk constrains or liberates participation and hence
potential opportunity for engagement and learning is central to an
understanding of the role of pedagogy in classroom management.
3. Culturally-oriented studies
a. Studies of classrooms which highlight either the effects of broad cultural
practices or influences from outside the classroom contribute to understanding
of how classroom management practices have roots and connections outside as
well as inside the classroom.
b. Embarrassment- students behavior signals in moment of difficulty
i. Silence in response to teacher question
ii. Delay in response to teacher question
iii. Incomprehensible response