1.1.

5 ISM- ENDING S OUNDS & S TATUS C ONTINUED

Learning - Be able to recognize the doer and detail in a sentence

Objectives

Lesson Review

In English we recognize doers and details mainly by the order in which they come in a sentence.
1. The teachers helped the students.
2. The students helped the teachers.

In the first sentence, the teachers are the doer and the students are the detail. In the second
sentence, the students are the doer and the teachers are the detail. In these two sentences, the
meaning changes completely because we changed the order of teachers and students. But in
Arabic, the order of the doer and detail does not matter. What matters is the sound at the end
of each word. Note the different sounds:

If a word ends in or (oona) we know that is the doer and is . If a word ends in (eena)
or we know that it is the detail and is .

This all may sound a bit confusing, so lets take a look at some examples:

: The teachers helped the students.

1.
a. This sentence has three words. Heres what they mean:
i. : helped ( because its stuck in the past tense)
ii. : the teachers
iii. : the students
b. The word ends with so it is the doer and
c. The word ends with so it is the detail and
2.
: The students helped the teachers.
a.
ends with so it is the detail and
b. ends with so it is the doer and
: The students helped the teachers.
3.
a. ends with so it is the doer and

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b. ends with so it is the detail and

4. : The teachers helped the students.
a. ends with so it is the detail and
b. ends with so it is the doer and
5.
: The students helped the teachers.
a. ends with so it is the detail and
b. ends with so it is the doer and
6. : The teachers helped the students.
a. ends with so it is the detail and
b. ends with so it is the doer and

All we need to do is look for the endings of the s. If we find an that ends in or we
know that is the doer and in the sentence. If we find an that ends in or we know that
it is the detail and in the sentence. The order of the words in the sentence makes no
difference in Arabic whatsoever (including the : notice that the can appear anywhere).
The only thing that matters is what the sound is at the end of each word.


Now that we understand Ending Sounds, lets do some additional general practice. Keep in
mind the definition of a : an action stuck in time and : the thing that doesnt make sense
unless another word comes after it. For each of the following, provide whether the word is an
, , or . If its an , provide the status (, , or ).
1. The apartment of Burhan smelled good.
a. The apartment:
b. of:
c. Burhan:
d. smelled:
e. good:
2. The cat wore sunglasses.
a. The cat:
b. wore:
c. sunglasses:
3. Danish eats Rashids sandwich daily at work.
a. Danish:
b. eats:
c. Rashids:
d. sandwich:
e. daily:

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f. at:
g. work:

Answers:
1. The apartment of Burhan smelled good.
a. The apartment: (doer; it is the thing that smelled good)
b. of: (word that doesnt make sense unless another word comes after it)
c. Burhan: (the word that comes after of)
d. smelled: (stuck in the past tense)
e. good: (answers the question how did the apartment of Burhan smell?)
2. The cat wore sunglasses.
a. The cat: (the doer who wore the sunglasses)
b. wore: (stuck in the past tense)
c. sunglasses: (answers the question what did the cat wear?)
3. Danish eats Rashids sandwich daily at work.
a. Danish: (he is the one who ate)
b. eats: (stuck in the present tense)
c. Rashids: (remember, Rashids sandwich can be rewritten as sandwich of
Rashid, and so Rashid comes after the word of)
d. sandwich: (detail answering the question, what does Danish eat?)
e. daily: (detail answering the question, how often does Danish eat?)
f. at: (word that doesnt make sense unless another word comes after it)
g. work: (detail answering the question, where does Danish eat?)

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