TIME PERIOD FORMULAE FOR TALL

SHEAR WALLED RCC BUILIDNGS

by
SAROJ BISWA
(2012CES2315)
under the guidance of

Dr. SHASHANK BISHNOI

Department of Civil Engineering,
Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
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Preface
What is a tall Building?
Council of Tall Building and Urban Habitat, USA defines tall building as 14 or
more stories or over 165 ft(50) meter height . Murray suggest tall building in
world term, the expectation would be over 50 Storey. Michael Willford, Andrew
Whittaker, Ron Klemencic authored document titled Recommendations for
the Seismic Design of High-rise Buildings in which A tall building is defined by
them in this document as a building of sufficient height for the period of the
first translational mode of vibration to exceed 4 seconds.
Motivation for the project
India has become one of the hot spot in Asia for big construction companies
such L&T, DLF, Tata Projects, Gammon India and Hindustan with hundreds of
high-rises and more than 100 super tall skyscraper under construction most of
which are concrete Shear Wall Dominant System.
It has been seen that The measured time period is on higher side compared to
Code based Time Period specially for building height Measuring 150 ft or
beyond (45 Meters approximately about 15 story and beyond).
Formulae proposed in published paper either does not cover tall buildings or
if covered, only one or two parameters has been taken as variable.
Current code formulas for estimating the fundamental period of concrete SW
buildings are grossly inadequate ( Rakesh K. Goel,and Anil K. Chopra)
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Project Objectives
Aim
Development of a simplified analytical function to calculate fundamental time period to be
used for estimation of Base Shear in Tall Building with Shear Walls.

Scope
RCSW Building with height Range 100 Meters to 200 Meters, with Average story height of
2.5 to 3.5 Meter
Peak Ground Acceleration >0.15 g
IS 1893 Response Spectra for Analysis of New Models of buildings

Tools to be used
CSMIP & Others-Measured Time Period Data from Instrumented Buildings
SAP2000 and ANSYS
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Literature Review
Ref.: Period formulas for concrete shear wall buildings By Rakesh K. Goel,l and Anil K. Chopra
Building Period Formulas for Estimating Seismic Displacements by Anil K. Chopra, M. EERI and Rakesh K. Goel,
M. EERI, Modal identification of concrete shear wall buildings by Damien Gilles, Ghyslaine McClure
Estimation of Fundamental Period for Residential Building with Shear Wall by Chun Yon Sue

The foremost paper on time period of Shear wall buildings used by

designers is Period formulas for concrete shear wall buildings By
Rakesh K. Goel and Anil K. Chopra . Evaluated first in this paper are
the formulas specified in present U.S. codes using the available data on the
fundamental period of buildings "measured" from their motions recorded
during eight California earthquakes, starting with the 1971 San Fernando
earthquake and ending w.ith the 1994 Northridge earthquake.
They have proposed a formulae calibrating theoretical formulae using
Dunkerley s method against measured period of various Shear Wall
Buildings through regression analysis. Finally. a factor to limit the period
calculated by a "rational" analysis. such as Rayleigh's method, is
recommended.
They used available data on the fundamental vibration period of buildings
measured from their motions recorded during several California
earthquakes.
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Literature Review
Ref:Period formulas for concrete shear wall buildings By Rakesh K.
Goel and Anil K. Chopra

The Fig 1 Below show the variation of Time Period(Measured & by Code formulae)
with Height
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Literature Review
Ref:Period formulas for concrete shear wall buildings By Rakesh K.
Goel and Anil K. Chopra

The Period of Flexural Cantilever

The Period of Pure Shear Cantilever

k=shape factor=5/6 for Rectangular clad Building

Combining The Two

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Literature Review
Ref :Period formulas for concrete shear wall buildings By Rakesh K.
Goel,l and Anil K. Chopra

For Stiffness properties of wall uniform over entire height

Goel & Chopra 1997a , Appendix G

Regression analysis based on above formulae with available measured data

leads to
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Literature Review
Ref.:Period formulas for concrete shear wall buildings By Rakesh K. Goel,
and Anil K. Chopra

The plot below shows plot of Time period from above formulae along with
measured time period w.r.t. Height in Ft.
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Literature Review
Ref:ASCE-7-2010,Proposed Draft Provision on Indian Seismic Code by
Sudhir K Jain, CVR Murthy

Based on the paper by Rakesh K. Goel and Anil K. Chopra ASCE-7-2010

adopted the formulae

Formulae Proposed in IS 1893-Draft Provision

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Literature Review
Ref.: M. EERI, Modal identification of concrete shear wall buildings
by Damien Gilles

Evaluated Measured Data for a subset of the 27 RCSW buildings in

Montral for which shear wall dimensions were available proposed
T = 0.019H
The Figure 4 shows the Time Period plotted data using the above formula and
measured time period data.
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Literature Review
Ref: Estimation of Fundamental Period for Residential Building with Shear
Wall by Chun Yon Sue

Analysed full scale measurement of 50 Reinforced Concrete Apartment building with

shear wall dominant system(RCASDS)
UBC formulae T=0.09H/D
This formulae gives a period much shorter in Longitudinal direction and Longer in
Transverse direction
NBCC formulae T= 0.09H/Ds
Ds=Length of Wall or Braced frame in Meter, which constitute the main Lateral Load
system in the Direction parallel to applied forces.
UBC, SEASOC gives Alt. formulae as T=0.1 H 0.75/Ae,
Where Ae=Ai(0.2+(De/Hi)2).
When above two formulas are plotted against measured time period, both gave 2 to 3
times shorter time period than Measured
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Limitations of Formulae proposed in

Literature reviewed & Code Formulae
Time Period formulae proposed by Goel & Chopra is based on Measured
Time period data of up to 2 Seconds, Whereas Tall buildings have longer
Fundamental time period usually above 4 Seconds.
Formulae proposed by Damien Gilles, the Time Period range beyond 2
Seconds has been taken into account and studied, But considering height
alone to control the Fundamental Time period of tall Shear Walled building
will be too simplistic
IS code does not prescribe any formulae for RCSW Buildings. UBC, NBCC
Code Formulae gives shorter Period than measured one. ASCE formulae is
based on formulae is based on Formulae proposed by Goel & Chopra, based
on Measured Time period data of up to 2 Seconds.
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Theory Behind Code formula for Base

Shear Determination.
Base shear obtained from Dynamic Analysis is scaled up to Base Shear
Obtained from Code Formulae.
Reason As per NEHRP Commentary [FEMA 369, 2001]:
If one ignores the contribution of non structural elements to the stiffness
of the structure, the calculated period is lengthened, leading to a decrease
in the design force. Non structural elements do not know that they are non
structural. They participate in the behaviour of the structure even though
the designer may not rely on them for contributing any strength or
stiffness to the structure. To ignore them in calculating the period is to err
on the un conservative side.
Increase in Stiffness of Structure-therefore the Code prescribes Time Period
formulae to include the effect of Non Structural Elements
Hence Computation of Accurate Time Period of Structure including the
effect of Non Structural elements is of prime importance.
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Methodology
Collection of Measured Time period data
Building Data from CSMIP,ATC-09 and Others Instrumented Building
Modeling Instrumented Building in SAP2000 / ANSYS 14.5
-Comparing Computed Period
-Simulation to achieve measured period
Collection & Development of Theoretical Formulas to Model
Stiffness Contribution by Non Structural Elements
Modeling a Number of Hypothetical RCSW Tall Buildings
-Plotting Time Period Data Vs Individual Parameters
-Identifying equations governing the above plots
-Combining all equation to arrive at final Semi-empirical formulae
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Thank You!!