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Chapter 1:
Kaustubh J. Sane
HJD Institute of Technical Education &
Research, Kera
Topics at glance.
Definition and Inter-relationships amongst
and between them
Components of Environment, Relationship
between different components
Man-Environment relationship
Impact of Technology on the environment
Environmental Degradation
What is environment???
All the living and non living factors affecting an
organism and ultimately determining its form and
survival is known as Environment.
It is a sum total of water, air, land,
interrelationship among themselves and also
with human beings, other living organisms and
property.
Hydrosphere
Environment
Lithosphere
Biosphere
Atmosphere
Components of Environment
Troposphere:
The troposphere begins at the surface and
extends to between 9 km (30,000 ft) at the
poles and 17 km (56,000 ft) at the equator,.
The troposphere is mostly heated by
transfer of energy from the surface,.
The lowest part of the troposphere is
warmest and temperature decreases with
altitude.
Stratosphere
The stratosphere extends from the tropopause to about
51 km (170,000 ft).
Temperature increases with height due to increased
absorption of Ultraviolet radiations by the ozone layer.
Mesosphere
The mesosphere extends from the stratopause to 80
85 km (260,000280,000 ft).
It is the layer where most meteors burn up upon entering
the atmosphere.
Temperature decreases with height in the mesosphere.
The mesopause, the temperature minimum that marks the
top of the mesosphere, is the coldest place on Earth and
has an average temperature around 85C
Thermosphere
Temperature increases with height in the
thermosphere from the mesopause up to
the thermopause then is constant with height.
Unlike in the stratosphere, where the inversion is
caused by absorption of radiation by ozone, in the
thermosphere the inversion is a result of the
extremely low density of molecules.
The International Space Station orbits in this
layer, between 320 and 380 km.
Exosphere
he outermost layer of Earth's atmosphere.
It is mainly composed of hydrogen and helium.
Hydrosphere..
The hydrosphere in physical
geography describes the combined mass
of water found on, under, and over the
surface of our planet.
It includes Oceans, rivers, glaciers, lakes,
ponds, etc.
Ninety-seven percent of the earth's water is
in the oceans. The remaining three percent
is fresh water; three-quarters of the fresh
water is solid and exists in ice sheets
Biosphere
The biosphere is the global sum of
all ecosystem. It can also be called the
zone of life on Earth, a closed (apart from
solar and cosmic radiation), and self-
regulating system.
Thus biosphere consist of lithosphere,
atmosphere, hydrosphere.
It extends from the lowest sea bed level to
about 24km of the atmospere.
Lithosphere
Lithoshpere Biosphere
Hydroshpere
Interaction between different
components of environment
We know the four major environmental
components or conceptual sphere;
Atmosphere
Hydrosphere
Lithosphere
Biosphere
In the figure, the circles represent the
spheres and the curved arrows indicate the
flow path of matter.
In components of environment there is
closed, dynamic, inseparable
interrelationship.
Importance Of Environmental
Education
Environmental education is a integral process which
deals with mans interrelationship with his nature
and man made surroundings including the relation
of population growth, pollution, resource allocation
and depletion, conservation, technology, and urban
and rural planning to the total human environment.
Environmental education is a study of the factors
influencing ecosystem, mental & physical health,
living and working conditions, decaying cities and
population pressure. Environmental education is
intended to promote among citizens the awareness
and understanding of the environment, our
relationship to it, and the concern and responsible
action necessary to assure our survival and to
improve the quality of life.
Awareness: To help individuals and social
groups to acquire basic awareness of and
sensitivity towards the environment & its related
problem.
Knowledge: To help individuals and social
groups to acquire basic understanding of the
environment, its associated problems and their
responsible role towards the betterment of the
environment.
Attitude: To help individuals and social groups to
acquire social values, strong feeling of concern
for the environment and the motivation for
actively participating in its protection and
improvement.
Skills: To help individuals and social groups to
acquire the skills for solving environmental
problems.
Evaluation ability: To help individuals and
social groups to evaluate environmental
measures and education program in terms of
ecological, political, economical, social,
aesthetic and education factors.
Participation: To help individuals and social
groups to develop a sense of responsibility
and urgency regarding environmental
problems to ensure appropriate action to solve
those problems.
Role of Environmental Engineer
Environmental engineer are the technocrats who are committed to
protect human beings from the harmful effects of environmental
degradation caused by the pollution in the environment due to population
growth, rapid industrialization and urbanization.