FOREIGN SCIENTIST

Otto von Guericke (originally spelled Gericke, German: [ek]; November 20, 1602 May 11, 1686
(Julian calendar); November 30, 1602 May 21, 1686 (Gregorian calendar)) was a German scientist,
inventor, and politician. His major scientific achievements were the establishment of the physics of
vacuums, the discovery of an experimental method for clearly demonstrating electrostatic repulsion,
and his advocacy of the reality of "action at a distance" and of "absolute space".

Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen (/rntn, -dn, rnt-/;[2] German: [vlhlm ntn]; 27 March 1845
10 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, who, on 8 November 1895,
produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Rntgen
rays, an achievement that earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901. In honour of his
accomplishments, in 2004 the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) named
element 111, roentgenium, a radioactive element with multiple unstable isotopes, after him.
Rudolf Christian Karl Diesel (German: [udlf kstjan kal dizl]; 18 March 1858 29 September
1913) was a German inventor and mechanical engineer, famous for the invention of the diesel engine
and his mysterious death. Diesel was the subject of the 1942 film Diesel.

Karl Friedrich Benz (German: [kal fid bnts] About this sound listen (helpinfo); 25 November
1844 4 April 1929) was a German engine designer and automobile engineer. His Benz Patent Motorcar
from 1885 is considered the first practical motorcar. He received a patent for the Motorcar on 29
January 1886.

Cai Lun ([tsai lwn]; Chinese: ; CE 48 121), courtesy name Jingzhong (), was a Han dynasty
Chinese eunuch and official. He is traditionally regarded as the inventor of paper and the papermaking
process, in forms recognizable in modern times as paper (as opposed to papyrus). Although early forms
of paper had existed in China since the 2nd century BCE, he was responsible for the first significant
improvement and standardization of papermaking by adding essential new materials into its
composition.

Kirkpatrick Macmillan (born 2 September 1812 in Keir, Dumfries and Galloway; died 26 January 1878 in
Keir) was a Scottish blacksmith. He is generally credited with inventing the pedal driven bicycle.

Whitcomb L. Judson (March 7, 1846 December 7, 1909) was an American machine salesman,
mechanical engineer and inventor. Judson invented the zipper in the 1890s.

Evangelista Torricelli (Italian: [evandelista torritlli], About this sound listen (helpinfo)); 15 October
1608 25 October 1647) was an Italian physicist and mathematician, best known for his invention of the
barometer, but is also known for his advances in optics and work on the method of indivisibles.
Zacharias Janssen (also Zacharias Jansen or Sacharias Jansen) (1585 pre-1632[1]) was a Dutch
spectacle-maker from Middelburg associated with the invention of the first optical telescope. Janssen is
sometimes also credited for inventing the first truly compound microscope. However, the origin of the
microscope, just like the origin of the telescope, is a matter of debate.

Christopher Latham Sholes (February 14, 1819 February 17, 1890) was an American inventor who
invented the QWERTY keyboard, and along with Frank Haven Hall, Samuel W. Soule, Carlos Glidden and
John Pratt, has been contended as one of the inventors of the first typewriter in the United States. He
was also a newspaper publisher and Wisconsin politician.