Chapter 3: Matter and Energy Date:____________

Section 1: Classifying Matter - Notes

Objectives:
Classify matter as an element, compound, or mixture.
Distinguish between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures.

Defining Matter:
Matter: anything that occupies _______________ and has ______________.

o Some types of matter, such as steel, water, wood, and plastic, are
______________________________ to our eyes.

o Other types of matter, such as air or microscopic dust, are ________________________

to see without magnification.

Matter is ultimately composed of atoms.

o Atoms: submicroscopic particles that are the fundamental _______________________

_____________________________________________.

In many cases, these atoms are bonded together to form molecules.

o Molecules: two or more atoms joined to one another in __________________________

_____________________________________________.

States of Matter:
The common states of matter are __________________________________________________.

o Plasma

o Bose Einstein Condensate

Solids:

o In solid matter, atoms or molecules pack ____________ to each other in fixed locations.

Neighboring atoms or molecules in a solid may _____________________ or

oscillate, but they _____________________ move around each other.

Solids have __________________________ and _________________________.

Examples: Ice, diamond, quartz, and iron

 o Crystalline solid: Atoms or molecules are arranged in geometric
patterns with long-range, ______________________________.

Examples: _________________________________

The well-ordered, geometric shapes of salt and

diamond crystals reflect the well-ordered
geometric arrangement of their atoms.
o Amorphous solid: Atoms or molecules do not have
___________________________________________.

Examples: _____________________________________

Liquids:
o In liquid matter, atoms or molecules are _____________ to each other but are free to
___________________________________ and by each other.

Liquids have a _______________________________ because their atoms or molecules

are in close contact.

Liquids assume the _________________________________________________

because the atoms or molecules are free to move relative to one another.

Examples: _________________________________________________________

Gases:
o In gaseous matter, atoms or molecules are separated by _______________ distances and are
___________________________ relative to one another.

Since the atoms or molecules that compose gases are not in contact with one another,
gases are ____________________________.

Gases always assume the ____________________________ of their containers.

Examples: _________________________________________________________
Classifying Matter:

Pure substance: composed of only _________________________________________________.

Mixture: composed of _______________________________________ types of atoms or molecules

combined in ____________________________ proportions.

Pure substances include __________________________________________________

o Element: A pure substance that ____________________ be broken down into simpler

substances.

No ________________________________________ can decompose an element into

simpler substances.

All known elements are listed in the ___________________________________.

Examples: __________________________________________________

o Compound: A pure substance composed of ______________________ elements in fixed

______________________ proportions.

________________________ are more common than pure elements.

Most elements are _______________________________________ and combine with

other elements to form compounds.

Compounds can be decomposed into __________________________________.

Examples: _________________________________________________________

Pure substances can be represented with a _________________________________________.

 o Examples?

When matter contains two types of atoms, it may be a pure substance or a mixture.

o A compound is a pure substance composed of different atoms that are

______________________________ in fixed _______________________ proportions.

o A mixture is composed of different substances that are __________________________

______________________, but simply mixed together.

Mixtures cannot be represented by a ____________________________________.

o Properties of mixtures can vary since _____________________________ can vary.

Homogeneous Mixture: a mixture of compounds or elements in which all regions are

______________________________________________________________________________

o Examples?

o Includes _________________________________________________:

______________________: homogeneous mixtures in which all particles are dissolved.

Solutions are usually transparent.

___________________: homogeneous mixtures in which larger particles do not

separate out from the mixture. Light is usually scattered when passing through.

_________________: a mixture of two metals, or a metal and a non-metal.

Can also be heterogeneous!

Examples:
 Heterogeneous Mixture: a mixture of compounds or elements in which separate regions are noticeable
and have _____________________________________________________________.

o Examples?

o Includes _____________________:

_______________________: mixture in which particles of one substance is dispersed in

the other. These particles can be seen with the naked eye. Particles will settle out of the
suspension if left undisturbed.

Examples:

In the diagram below, which pictures do you think represent mixtures and which represent pure
substances? Explain your answers. (The spheres represent atoms.)

Practice:
Classify each type of matter as a pure substance or a mixture. If it is a pure substance, classify it as an
element or a compound; if it is a mixture, classify it as homogeneous or heterogeneous.
a) a lead weight e) mercury in a thermometer

b) seawater f) exhaled air

c) distilled water g) chicken noodle soup

d) Italian salad dressing h) Sugar