Dynamics Exam1 and Problem Solutions

1. A box is pulled with 20N force. Mass of the box is 2kg and surface is frictionless. Find the acceleration of the
box.

We show the forces acting on the box with following free body diagram.

X component of force gives acceleration to the box.

FX=F.cos370=20.0,8=16N
FX=m.a
16N=2kg.a
a=8m/s

2. Picture given below shows the motion of two boxes under the effect of applied force. Friction constant between
the surfaces is k=0,4. Find the acceleration of the boxes and tension on the rope. (g=10m/s 2, sin370=0,6,
cos370=0,8)
Free body diagram of these boxes given below.

Components of force,

FX=F.cos370=30.0,8=24N
FY=F.sin370=30.0,6=18N
N1=m1.g-Fy=30-18=12N
N2=10N
Ff1 and Ff2 are the friction forces acting on boxes.
Ff1=k.N1=0,4.12=4,8N and Ff2=k.N2=0,4.10=4N

We apply Newton's second law on two boxes.

m1: Fnet=m.a
20-T-Ff1=3.a 20-T-4,8=3.a
m2: T-Ff2=1.a T-4=a
a=2,8m/s2
T=6,8N

3. As you can see in the picture given below, two boxes are placed on a frictionless surface. If the acceleration
of the box X is 5m/s2, find the acceleration of the box Y.

Free body diagrams of boxes are given below;

 Fnet=m.a
(30-T)=2.5
T=20N

Fnet=m.a
T=5.a
20=5.a a=4m/s2

4. In the system given below ignore the friction and masses of the pulleys. If masses of X and Y are equal find
the acceleration of the X?(g=10m/s2)

Free body diagrams of boxes are given below;

Since force acting on X is double of force acting on Y, aX=2aY

For X: 2T-10m=m.a
For Y: T-10m=m.2a
a=2m/s2
5. When system is in motion, find the tension on the rope.

Free body diagrams of boxes are given below.

m1: T+2g-20=2.a
m2: 3g-T=3.a
5g-20=5.a
a=g-4 putting it into m1 equation;
T+2g-20=2(g-4)
T=12N

1. Position time graph of the box is given below. Find the friction constant between box and surface? (g=10m/s2)

Slope of the graph

gives us velocity of the box. Since the slope of the position time graph is constant, velocity of the box is also
constant. As a result, acceleration of the box becomes zero.
 Fnet=F-fs=m.a=0
Fnet=fs
fs=12
k.mg=12
k.3.10=12
k=0,4

2. If the acceleration of the system given below is 3m/s2, find the friction constant between box and surface.
(sin370=0,6, cos370=0,8, sin450=cos450=2/2)

Free body diagrams of the system are given below.

Acceleration of the 10 kg box is 2m/s2. Thus, net force acting on this box is;
Fnet=m.a
Fnet=10.2=20N
Normal force of the box is;
N=100+40-60=80N
Fnet=80-40-Ffriction
20=80-40-k.80
k.80=20
k=1/4

3. Net force vs. time graph of object is given below. If displacement of this object between t-2t is 75m, find the
displacement of the object between 0-3t.
We draw acceleration vs. time graph using force vs time graph of the object.

Area under the graph gives velocity.

If we say at=V then,

Vt=2V
V2t=3V
V3t=V

We draw velocity vs. time graph now.

Area under the velocity vs. time graph gives us displacement of the
object.

0-t: X1=2Vt/2=Vt
t-2t: X2=5/2.Vt
2t-3t: X3= 2.Vt

We know X2=5/2.Vt=75m, Vt=30m

Total displacement=X1+X2+X3=Vt+5/2.Vt+2Vt
Total displacement=30+75+2.30=165m

4. An object is pulled by constant force F from point A to C. Draw the acceleration vs. time graph of this motion.
(F>mg.sin and surface is frictionless.)
Motion of the box between points A to B:

F.cos=m.a1
When the object gets closer to point B, becomes larger, and value of cos decreases. Thus, a 1 decreases
between the points A -B.

Motion between points B-C

Net force between points B and C is constant. Thus, a2 is also constant. Acceleration vs. time graph of the box
is given below;
5. System in the given picture below, box moves under the effect of applied force and gravity with
1m/s2 acceleration. Find the friction constant between the box and surface.

Free body diagram of the system is given below;

Forces acting on the box perpendicularly;

30+80=110N
Box moves downward with 1m/s2 acceleration.
Fnet=m.a
60-40-Ffriction=10.1
20-k.110=10
10=110k
k=1/11

An object, attached to a 0,5m string, does 4 rotation in one second.

Find
a) Period
b) Tangential velocity
c) Angular velocity of the object.

a) If the object does 4 rotation in one second, its frequency becomes;

f=4s-1
T=1/f=1/4s
b) Tangential velocity of the object;
V=2..f.r
V=2.3.4.0,5
V=12m/s
c) Angular velocity of the object
=2..f=2.3.4=24radian/s

2. Find the relation between tangential and angular velocities of points X, Y and Z.
X and Y rotate together, so if X does one rotation then Y also does one rotation. On the contrary, if Y does one
revolution, Z does two revolutions.
Angular velocities of the X, Y and Z are;
X=Y=Z/2

3. An object hanged on a rope L=0,5m, does rotational motion. If the angle between rope and vertical is 370, find
the tangential velocity of the object. (g=10m/s2, cos370=0,8, sin370=0,6)

Free body diagram of system is given below;

Horizontal component of tension on the rope makes object rotate.

TX=mV2/r, TY=m.g
Radius of the motion path is;
r=L.sin370=0,5.0,6=0,3m
tan370=TX/TY
3/4=mV2/r/m.g
3/4=V2/g.r
V=3/2m/s

4. An object having mass m does rotational motion. Its angular velocity is and radius of motion path is r. Find
kinetic energy of the object in terms of r, , and m.

EK=1/2m.V2
V=.r
EK=1/2m(.r)2
EK=m2.r2/2

5. Stone having mass 0,5kg rotates in horizontal. It is hanged on 1m rope. If the tension on the rope is 80 N, find
the frequency of the motion.

Fnet=80N=m.2.r
80=m.4.2.f2.r
80=0,5.4.32.f2.1
f=2s-1
Rotational Motion Exam2 and Problem Solutions
1. An object in horizontal rotates on a circular road with 10m/s velocity. It does 120 revolutions in one minute.
a) Find frequency and period of the object.
b) Find the change in velocity vector when it rotates 600, 900 and 1800.
a) 60s.f=120 revolution

f=2 revolution/second

T=1/f=1/2s

b)

If object starts its motion from point A and rotates 600 and comes point B;
V=VB-VA

V=2V.cos1200/2=2.10.cos600=20/2=10m/s
If object rotates 900;

If object rotates 1800;

2. A device does 1800 revolution in 6 minutes. Find angular velocity and period of this device. (=3)

1800.T=6.60s

T=360/1800=1/5s

=2/T=2.3/1/5=30 radian/s

3. Friction constant of a circular road, having radius 50m, is 0,2. Find the initial velocity of the car having 1500
kg to turn junction safely.

FfrictionFcentripetal (for safe turn)

k.m.gm.V2/r
k.g.rV2
100V2

10m/sV or

36km/hV

4. A marble is thrown with velocity V from point A. If no force is exerted on surface by marble at point B, find the
force exerted on point A by marble. (Assume that velocity of marble is constant.)
Since no force is exerted on point B by marble;

mg=mV2/R
V2=g.R

Force exerted by marble on point A;

FA=G+F
FA=mg+mV2/R (we put V2=gR into the equation)
FA=mg+mgR/R
FA=2mg
5. Two objects rotate with same frequency around point O. One of the objects has mass m and other one has
mass 9m. If centripetal forces exerted on objects having mass m is F1, and object having mass 9m is F2, find
ratio of F1/F2.
V1=2..r.f
V2=2..3r.f
V2=3V1
F1/F2=mV12/r/9mV22/3r=V12/r.3r/9V22
F1/F2=1/27

A box is sliding up an incline that makes an angle of 20 degrees with

respect to the horizontal. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the box
and the surface of the incline is 0.2. The initial speed of the box at the bottom
of the incline is 2 m/s. How far does the box travel along the incline before
coming to rest?

Solution:
The first part in the problem is to find an acceleration of the motion. The
acceleration is due to gravitation force and the friction force and has the
following form:

The second part is to write down the kinematic equations of motion. In this
problem we need to use the relation between the traveled distance and initial
and final (the final velocity is 0) velocities:

where s is the traveled distance. Then

 Problem 12.
A block weighing 80 N rests on a plane inclined at 30 degrees to the
horizontal. The coefficients of static and kinetic friction are 0.2 and 0.1
respectively. What is the minimum magnitude of the force F, parallel to the
plane, that will prevent the block from slipping?

Solution:
The minimum force corresponds to the condition that the static friction force
has the maximum value, which is 0.2*normal force. To find the normal force
and the external force we need to write down the condition of equilibrium: the
net force is 0. Then we rewrite this equation in terms of x and y-components
(x axis is parallel to the plane).

The x-component of the second Newton's law has the form:

The y-component:

Then since , we obtain

Then

Problem 21.
Starting from rest, a skier slides 200 m down a 35 degrees slope. How much
longer does the run take if the coefficient of kinetic friction is 0.3 instead of 0?
 Solution:
The acceleration of the skier on a slope is

With zero friction we have:

With friction 0.3 we have:

To find the traveled time we need to use the equation:

Then

and

Problem 27.
Consider a wet roadway banked, where there is a coefficient of static friction
of 0.40 and a coefficient of kinematic friction of 0.2 between the tires and the
roadway. The radius of the curve is R=80m
(a) if the banking angle is 30,what is the maximum speed the automobile
can have before sliding up the banking?
(b) What is the minimum speed the automobile can have before sliding
down the banking?
 Solution:
(a) The direction of the forces and acceleration are shown in the figure. We
write down the second Newton's law in terms of components:

X (horizontal axis)- components:

y (vertical axis)- components:

We also have the relation between and :

Then we have:

and

Then from the first equation (x-component):

Then
(b) In this case we have opposite direction of the friction force.

Then x and y components of the second Newton's law become:

We have the same relation between and :

Then

and

Then from the first equation (x-component):

Then
 Problem 29.
The space shuttle is orbiting the Earth at a distance of about 300 km from its
surface. At that distance, the gravitational acceleration is almost the same as
that on the surface. How long does it take for the shuttle to complete one orbit
around the Earth? Assume that the orbit is circular.

Solution:
The gravitation force will provide the acceleration to the shuttle, which is
equal

where

Then and

Then the period is

Problem 30.
A spaceship is on a straight-line path between Earth and moon. At what
distance from the Earth is net gravitational force on the spaceship zero?

Solution:
Let us introduce the mass of the Earth as , the mass of the moon
as , and the distance between the Earth and the moon as .
 If the spaceship is at distance x from the Earth, then the gravitation force on
the spaceship due to Earth is

The gravitation force on the spaceship due to moon is

Since the net gravitation force should be zero, then we have the equation:

From this equation we have:

and

Problem 35.
A 0.01 kg object is moving in a plane. The x and y coordinates of the object
are given by and y . Find the net force acting on the
object at t=2 s.

Solution:
To find the net force we need to find acceleration of the object. The
acceleration is the second derivative of coordinate of the object. Then the x
and y components of acceleration are given by the following expressions

Then at t=2 s we have

 Then the magnitude of acceleration is

Then the net force is

Problem 38.
A crane cable that is capable of withstanding 22,000 N is attached by a
hook to a 2,000 kg block that is resting on the ground. The cable initially
starts lifting the block at the maximum acceleration that the cable can
withstand for 4 sec. It then continues to raise the block at constant velocity for
further 2 sec. At this time the block slips off the hook at the end of the cable.
Calculate:
(1) the tension in the cable when the block is moving at constant velocity;
(2) the maximum acceleration that the cable can withstand;
(3) the maximum height that the block reaches above ground.

Solution:
(1) When the block is moving at constant velocity the acceleration of the
block is 0. Then from the second Newton's law we get that the net force on the
block is 0:

There are two forces acting on the block: gravitation force, pointing upward,
and the tension in the cable. The forces have opposite directions, then the
magnitude of the forces should be the same (the vector sum of these two
forces is zero):

Therefore the tension in the cable is 19600 N.

(2) The maximum acceleration should be found from the condition that the
tension in the cable has its maximum value (22000 N). There are two forces
acting on the block: gravitation force and the tension in the cable. Then the
second Newton's law takes the form:
 Then we rewrite this vector equation in terms of y-components (see figure
below):

Then

(3) In the part we need to use the kinematics equations. First we have
motion with constant acceleration (we know its value from part (2)). The
equations, which describe this motion, are the following:

The initial velocity is zero: , the initial height is zero: . Then we

have
 The block travels . Then at this moment

Then the block moves with constant velocity. This velocity is .

The block travels for 2 seconds. The corresponding distance is

Then the final height of the block is

Problem 55.
What is the magnitude of the force needed to maintain the circular motion of
a 45-kg cyclist riding a 40-kg bicycle at 12.5 m/s around a 35.0-m radius
circular track.

Solution:
This is a circular motion with constant speed. This is the motion with
acceleration centripetal acceleration, which has the following form

Where is the speed of the object and and the radius of a circle. The
acceleration is pointing toward the center of the circle. We know the velocity
and we know the radius, thus we can find the acceleration

If this is the motion with acceleration, then we need a force, which provides
this acceleration. This is what we need to find in this problem the magnitude
of this force.
The force can be found from the second Newtons law: it is equal to the
product of the mass of the object and its acceleration
 In the present problem the object is the cyclist and the bicycle. The mass is
this system is 45 kg (cyclist) + 40 kg (bicycle) = 85 kg. With the known mass
we can easily find the force