INTRODUCTION

The design of high rise buildings essentially involves a conceptual design, approximate analysis,
preliminary design and optimization, to safely carry gravity and lateral loads. The design criteria
are strength, serviceability, stability and human comfort. In such buildings, shear walls are used
as the elements to resist lateral loads, such as wind loads or loads due to earthquakes.

An earthquake may be defined as release of elastic energy by sudden slip on a fault and resulting
ground shaking and radiated caused by slip. Earthquakes are one of the worst among the natural
disasters. During an earthquake, failure of structure starts at points of weakness. This weakness
arises due to discontinuity in mass, stiffness and geometry of structure. The structures having this
discontinuity are termed as Irregular structures. Irregular structures contribute a large portion of
urban infrastructure. Vertical irregularities are one of the major reasons of failures of structures
during earthquakes.

Earthquake occurred in multistoried building shows that if the structures are not well designed
and constructed with and adequate strength it leads to the complete collapse of the structures. To
ensure safety against seismic forces of multi-storied building hence, there is need to study of
seismic analysis to design earthquake resistance structures.

Recently there has been a considerable increase in the tall buildings both residential and
commercial and the modern trend is towards more tall and slender structures. Therefore for tall
buildings it is essential that the structure must be sufficiently stiff to resist the lateral loads
caused by wind and seismic motion. Lateral loads can develop high stresses, produce sway
movement or cause vibration. Therefore, it is very important for the structure to have sufficient
strength against vertical loads together with adequate stiffness to resist lateral forces. Reinforced
concrete multi storey buildings are subjected to most dangerous earthquakes. It was found that
main reason for failure of RC building is irregularity in its plan dimension and its lateral force
resisting system.
LITERATURE REVIEW

(1) J. V. Sunil Ganesh (2014)undertook a study to determine dynamic characteristic of

typical RC frame tall structure for the combination of bare frame, lift core, Shear wall.
Modelling and analysis was carried out using FEM software. The modal analysis was
conducted to know mode shapes. Equivalent static analysis was carried out for zone v to
determine base shear and shear strength coefficient of models while response spectrum
analysis to define the corresponding seismic response of the building. As a result
parameters such as base shear, displacement, mode shapes and acceleration were
obtained.

(2) P. S. Kumbhare, A. C. Saoji(2012) has carried out study on the effect of seismic loading
on placement of shear wall in medium rise building at different alternative location. They
have analyzed residential medium rise building for earth quake force by considering two
type of structural system ie. Frame and dual system. They have studied on effectiveness
of positioning of shear wall and carried out analysis by using standard package ETAB for
the comparison of the parameters like shear force, bending moment, displacement, storey
drift and storey shear by replacing the column with the shear wall. They found that shear
wall frame interaction systems are very effective in resisting lateral forces induced by
earthquake. They found the significant effect on shear force and bending moment of
column at different levels of the building by shifting the shear wall location. Placing
shear wall away from centre of gravity resulted in increase in the most of the members
forces. It follows that shear walls should be coinciding with the centroid of the building.
They found that frame type structural system become economical as compared to the dual
type structural system can be used for medium rise residential building situated in high
seismic zone.
(3) AshishS.Agrawal, S.D Charkha(2012) has carried out study on 25 storey building in
zone V with some preliminary investigation which is analyzed by changing various
position of shear wall with different shapes for determining parameters like storey drift,
axial load and displacement. Using standard ETAB package for the analysis the results of
were concluded placing Shear wall away from centre of gravity resulting the increase in
most of the members forces. And was found that displacement of the building floor at
storey 25 has been reduced due to presence of shear wall placed at centre. When they
placed lift core at eccentric position it develops displacement in both the direction with
application of seismic force in Y direction and they came to know that drift is increased
as height of building increased and reduced for top floor. Location of shear wall effects
static and dynamic axial load on the column. The displacement of building is uni-
directional and uniform for all the grids in the case of Zero eccentricity for seismic
loading. With the increase in eccentricity, the building shows non-uniform movement of
right and left edges of roof due to torsion and induces excessive moment and forces in
member.

(4) Rakshith Gowda K.R, Bhavani Shankar et al (2014) has made investigation to study
the behavior of multi storyed RC 3-D frame regular building and vertically irregular
(stepped) building in which soft storeys were provided at different level for different
load combinations. Reinforced concrete buildings were analyzed for earth quake loading
as per IS 1893 (Part 1):2002 the various load combinations as per IS: 875 (part 5) are
used for design of structure. ETABS (9.7.4) is used for modeling and analysis RC
buildings. It is necessary to study and to examine various alternative models of reinforced
concrete moment resisting frame building with soft storey at different level, the
performance of all the building models is observed in high seismic zone V. Investigation
has been made to study the behavior of RC frames when subjected to static and dynamic
earthquake loading. The result of bare frame, frame with infill, and different location of
soft storey provided are compared and conclusion are made in view of IS code. It is
observed that, providing infill improves earthquake resistant behavior of the structure
when compared to soft storey provided.
(5) Shahrooz, Moehle (1990) undertook an experimental and analytical study to understand
the earthquake response of setback structures. The experimental study involved design,
construction, and earthquake simulation testing of a quarter- scale model of a multistory,
reinforced concrete, setback frame. The analytical studies involved design and inelastic
analysis of several multistory frames having varying degrees of setbacks. Among the
issues addressed were:
(1) The influence of setbacks on dynamic response;
(2) The adequacy of current static and dynamic design requirements for setback
buildings; and
(3)Design methods to improve the response of setback buildings.

(6) Shaikh Abdul Aijaj Abdul Rahman, Girish Deshmukhhave presented a paper with
attempts to investigate the proportional distribution of lateral forces evolved through
seismic action in each storey level due to changes in stiffness of frame on vertically
irregular frame. As per the Bureau of Indian Standard (BIS) 1893:2002(part1) provisions,
on a G+10 vertically irregular building modeled as a simplified lump mass model for the
analysis with stiffness irregularityat fourth floor. Response parameters like story drift,
story deflection and story shear of structure under seismic force under the linear static &
dynamic analysis is studied. This analysis shows focuses on the base shear carrying
capacity of a structure and performance level of structure under severer zone of India.
The result remarks the conclusion that, a building structure with stiffness irregularity
provides instability and attracts huge storey shear. A proportionate amount of stiffness is
advantageous to control over the storey and base shear. The soft computing tool and
commercial software CSI-ETABS (version 9.7) is used for modeling and analysis.

(7) Dileshwar Rana, Prof. Juned Raheem have dealt with the work that shows the
performance & behavior of regular & vertical geometric irregular RCC framed structure
under seismic motion. Five types of building geometry are taken in this project: one
regular frame & four irregular frames. A comparative study is made between all these
 building configurations height wise and bay wise. All building frames are modeled &
analyzed in software Staad.Pro V8i. Various seismic responses like shear force, bending
moment, storey drift, storey displacement, etc. are obtained. The seismic analysis is done
according to IS 1893:2002 part (1). Seismic zone IV & medium soil strata are taken for
all the cases. The change in the different seismic response is observed along different
height.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

The main aim of the research is to determine the response of a high rise building and the
objectives of the study are as follows-

1. To investigate and determine the effect of regular and irregular buildings.

2. To calculate the design lateral forces on regular and irregular buildings usingEquivalent
Static analysis and Time HistoryAnalysis and to compare the results.
3. Reinforced cement concrete structure of 40 story is considered for the analysis.
4. Evaluation of displacement, base shear, member forces, storey drift, natural frequency
and time period behavior of the structural system.

SCOPE OF THE STUDY

1. Concrete grade of M-35 and steel of Fe-500 will be adopted

2. Vertical irregularity of the structural system is concerned.
3. The effectiveness of vertical irregularity is taken in terms of the below two types.
i. Type-1 : single offset at regular intervals.
ii. Type-2 : both side offset at regular intervals.
4. The analysis is carried out mainly as static and dynamic analysis.
Equivalent Static analysis is carried out considering zone-5 and soil type-2
Time history analysis is considered for the dynamic analysis of buildings Bhuj
earthquake.
5. Shear wall of thickness varying between 250mm-300mm are taken in the study.
METHODOLOGY:

1. To carryout extensive literature review, to establish the objective of the study.

2. ETABS Software is used for the modeling and analysis of high rise buildings.
3. Analyze the models using all major Static (Equivalent static analysis) and Dynamic (Time
history analysis) using IS 1893-2002.
4. Concrete mix of M35 grade and steel of Fe-500 will be considered for the analysis of the
structural system.
5. Preliminary member sizes are assumed for beams and columns, late member sizes are
economized and based on the system adopted.
6. Conclusions are made based on the performance of each structural systems under study.

REFERENCES:

1. J. V. Sunil Ganesh (2014) Seismic analysis of irregular multistoried structure with shear
wall.
2. P. S. Kumbhare, A. C. Saoji (2012) Effectiveness of Changing Reinforced Concrete
Shear Wall Location on Multi-storeyed Building.
3. Ashish S. Agrawal, S.D Charkha (2012) Effectiveness of Reinforced Concrete Shear
Wall for Multi-storied Building.
4. Rakshith Gowda K.R, Bhavani Shankar (2014)Behavior of Multi-storyed regular and
vertically irregular building.
5. Dileshwar Rana, Prof. Juned Raheem Behavior of Regular & Vertical geometric
irregular RCC framed structure under seismic motion.

6. Shahrooz Bahrain M. and Moehle Jack P , Seismic Response And Design of Setback
Buildings- Journal of Structural Engineering, Vol. 116, No. 5, May, 1990 1423-143
7. BIS: 1893(Part-1)-2002, Indian Standard Criteria of practice for Earthquake Resistant
Design of Structures, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi, India.
8. BIS: 456-2000 (Indian Standard Plain Reinforced Concrete Code of Practice) Fourth
Revision
9. BIS: 875-1987 (Part-1) Code of practice for design loads for buildings and structures,
Dead loads, unit weights of building materials and stored materials. Bureau of Indian
Standard, New Delhi.
10. BIS: 875-1987(Part-2) Code of practice for design loads for buildings and structures,
Imposed loads, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
11. BIS: 875-1987 (part-3) Code of practice for design loads for buildings and structures
Wind Loads, Bureau of Indian Standard, New Delhi.
12. BIS 13920-1993 for Ductile Detailing Reinforced Concrete Structures subject to seismic
forces, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
13. Dr. S.K Duggal, Earthquake Resistance Design of Structure.
14. P. C. Varghese, Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design, Second Edition.