INCREASING FEMALE ENROLLMENT

RATES IN PRIMARY SCHOOL

EDUCATION IN UNDERSERVED AREAS
OF PAKISTAN
RANA TAHIR, GABRIEL MATHIAS, BASSEMA YOUSEF AND LUC PIERRE
INTRODUCTION
According to UN figures,
approximately 57 million
children are out of school in
developing countries, and
almost half of are (24 million) in
Pakistan alone, of which 13.7
million (55%) are girls (Pakistan
District Education Ranking
Report, 2015)
OVERVIEW
In the Pakistani province of
Balochistan, the % of girls not
enrolled in schools rises to
72%. It is a serious issue that
such high proportion of girls
are not enrolled in schools of
this province, particularly in the
districts of Killa Abdullah and
Dera Bugti, where respectively
only 15% and 6% of the girls
are enrolled in primary
schools.
OBJECTIVES

Double the female enrollment in primary

schools in in Dera Bugti from 6% to
12% and Killah Abdullah from 15% to
30% in Baluchistan, Pakistan by 2019.
BACKGROUND

The Balochistan districts of Killa Abdullah and Dera Bugti

ranked respectively as the 2nd and 3rd worst districts in
educational scores according to Pakistan District
Education Ranking Report of 2015. The only district
ranking worse is North Waziristan, a region stricken with
heavy conflict, which restricts any short-term intervention
because of the intense political instability and severe
security risks.
The pilot project for increasing rate of female enrollment in
primary school education in underserved areas of Pakistan
will focus on these two areas as a basis for comparison
with similar nearby provinces facing similar issues in order
to assess the feasibility and achievements of the projects
the interventions in order to implement to expand it on a
national level.
SCHOOL DATA ON GENDER PARITY IN
KILLA ABDULLAH DERA BUGTI
SCHOOL DATA ON GENDER PARITY IN
KILLA ABDULLAH DERA BUGTI
 SCHOOL DATA ON GENDER PARITY IN

Killa Abdullah
Percentage bellow
District average:
Toilets 1%
Boundary walls 11%

Dera Bugti
Percentage bellow
District average:
Toilets 2%
Boundary walls 2%
LACK OF INFRASTRUCTURE:
ONE ROOM SCHOOLS, ABSENCE OF BOUNDARY
WALLS, NO TOILETS OR RUNNING WATER
CULTURAL BARRIERS:
DOMESTIC LABOUR
SEPARATION BETWEEN GENDERS
LACK OF SECURITY:
TERRORIST THREATS AND
ATTACKS AGAINST SCHOOL
GIRLS
School girls in Balochistan protesting the closure of their
schools by Pakistani government due to security threats
 Fundamentalism EFFECTS
Domestic Under development Lack of democracy
Pathriachism
violence
Under employment
Low female Lack of Civic Rights
Gender Gap of female workforce
empowerment
CORE
Poor access to Education for girls in deprived areas of Pakistan
ISSUE
Poor Socio-economic
Policy Resources
Infrastructure conditions

Fewer budgets Low income

Lack of proper Lack of female
for education Cultural barriers
facilities for girls teachers

One room Poverty

CAUSES Girl Domestic Labor
schools
Ghost schools Corruption
 PERCENTAGE OF SCHOOLS WITH LATRINES
FEMALE TO MALE STUDENTS RATIO
200
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Female to male students' ratio % of Schools with latrines
 PERCENTAGE OF FEMALE TEACHERS
FEMALE/MALE STUDENTS RATIO
80 140

70
120

60
100

50
80

40

60
30

40
20

20
10

0 0

Percentage of female teachers Female to male students' ratio

 CORRELATION

= One female
= 50% female = 100% schools
student for each
teachers with latrines
male student
THEORY OF CHANGE
RECOMMENDATIONS

Buy-in: support from local, State, religious leaders, and parents

Infrastructure Girls facilities, lantrines, etc.
Security border wall and unarmed security guards on the premise
Trained, female teachers and tutors
WAY FORWARD

Advocacy
Increased funding
Infrastructure
Training
Staff
Facilities
HOW ARE WE GOING TO DOT IT?
WITH WHOM ARE
WE GOING TO
ENGAGE?
COMMUNICATION
CHANNELS
 STAFFING/MANAGEMENT PLAN:

Team
leader/program
owner

Project
manager/Coordinator

Data collection Monitoring &

Communication Administration Finnance
Research team and analysis evaluation
team team Manager
team team
CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. (1948). http://www.un.org/en/universal-declaration-human-rights/
United Nations Sustainable Development - Education (2016, June 28). http://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/education/
Abbasi, K. (2016, February 26). http://www.dawn.com/news/1241990
AlifAilaan. (2015). Pakistan District Education Rankings 2015. http://www.alifailaan.pk/district_rankings
The Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (1973). http://www.na.gov.pk/uploads/documents/1308922472_189.pdf
Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey. (2015). Pakistan Bureau of Statistics, http://www.pbs.gov.pk/node/1650
Menhas, R., Jabeen, N., Akhtar, S., & Yaqoob, M. (2013). Cultural Barriers of Female Empowerment.Afro Asian Journal of Anthropology and Social Policy, 4(1), 1.
Khan, Y. A. (2015). Discontinuation of Education of the Teen Age Females Population in Pakistan. J. Asian Dev. Stud, 4(1) .
Jagosh, J., Bush, P. L., Salsberg, J., Macaulay, A. C., Greenhalgh, T., Wong, G., Pluye, P. (2015). A Realist Evaluation of Community-Based Participatory Research:
Partnership Synergy, Trust Building and Related Ripple Effects. BMC Public Health, 15 (1).
Barbara Herz and Gene B. Sperling What Works in Girls Education: Evidence and Policies from the Developing World. The Brookings Institution, 2016.
Peter Laugharn. Negotiating Education for Many Enrolment, Dropout and Persistence in the Community Schools of Kolondiba, Mali, Institute of Education University
of London, 2007.
Study on Field-based Programmatic Measures to Protect Education from Attack. Global Coalition to Protect Education from Attack. New York, New York 2011.
We Can End Poverty. Millennium Development Goals 2015. Fact Sheet. UN Department of Public Information, September 2013.
Pakistan Education Atlas 2015. National Education Management Information System (NEMIS) Academy of Educational Planning and Management (AEPAM) Government
of Pakistan Vulnerability Analysis and Mappin (VAM) Unit United Nations World Food Program (WFP) Pakistan. September, 2015.
BIRDSALL, Nancy. Ross, David & SABOT, Richard. Underinvestment in Education: How Much Growth Has Pakistan Foregone: The Pakistan Development Review. 32: 4 Part
I (Winter 1993) pp. 453-499.
Pakistan Education for All Review Report 2015 Ministry of Education, Trainings and Standards in Higher Education Academy of Educational Planning and Management
Islamabad, Pakistan June, 2014.