Reference Page

Source 1

1. Citation:

Jeffrey O.G. Ogbar, Hip-Hop Revolution: The Culture and Politics of Rap (University

Press of Kansas, 2007),

In-text: (Ogbar, 2007, pg. number)

2. The purpose of this source is to enlighten others about all aspects of the hip-hop genre.

This includes the history, its evolution, and topics such as rappers in the prison system

and hip-hops effect on race relations. This source has information that pertains to every

facet of our project so it does not have one particular use. I have not been able to identify

a limitation of this source due to its well-roundedness in covering multiple topics with

regards to Hip-Hop. That well-roundedness is also this sources biggest strength. Its

biggest weakness would be the abundance of information because it makes it hard to

decide on what would be the most useful for the project.

3. This source will definitely help in the creation of this project. I believe that I will

definitely use one quote. Regardless of the opinions surrounding hip-hops success, an

examination of the art reveals fascinating examples of how Americas popular culture has

conformed to and deviated from conventional notions of race (Ogbar, 2007, 38). This

quote fits the topic about the impact that hip-hop has had on American culture so it would

be a great point to include.

4. The author of this book, Jeffrey O.G. Ogbar, is a professor at the University of

Connecticut and is the Director of the Center for the Study of Popular Music. He received
 his Ph.D. from Indiana and his interests include Black nationalism and U.S. popular

culture. Because of his credentials and interests, I believe that Dr. Ogbar is a credible

source for information about this topic.

Source 2

1. Citation:

Robinson, N. (2011, October 28). Jay-Z Talks Hip-Hops Influence on American Culture.

Rolling Out. Retrieved from

http://rollingout.com/2011/10/28/jay-z-talks-hip-hops-influence-on-american-culture/

In-text: Robinson (2011)

2. The purpose of this source is to provide an insider perspective on the effect of hip-hop

music on American culture and cultures around the world. A strength of this source is

that it is an article about the comments of a man, Jay-Z, that is a successful hip-hop artist

himself so he knows the ins and outs of the rap industry. A weakness of this source is

that it is biased because it does come from an insider and he would most likely not show

both the positive and negative effect that hip-hop has on American culture.

3. This source would be helpful to our project because it offers an insider perspective about

the cultural impact of hip-hop. One part that would be good to include in our project

would be when Jay-Z says, More specifically hip-hop had a voice. Jazz hit great notes

and things like that but hip-hop spoke directly to the people, it spoke to their heart and

how they were feeling (Robinson).

 4. The online magazine Rolling Out acts as a sort of news station so it is only somewhat

credible. However, Jay-Z who the article is about, is a credible source because of his

involvement in the hip-hop industry.

Source 3

1. Citation:

Codrington, R. (2012). In the Beginning: Hip-Hops Early Influences. Oxford African

American Studies Center. Retrieved from

http://www.oxfordaasc.com/public/features/archive/0806/index.jsp

In-text: (Codrington)

2. This source discusses the early stages of hip-hop and the influence that it had on

American culture during its time. Its strength is that it is written by someone that

specializes in the African American experience. Its biggest weakness is that it only talks

about the early stages of hip-hop as opposed to both the early stages and modern hip-hop.

3. This source would be helpful when we discuss the origins of hip-hop because it

specifically talks about the genre in its beginnings. It would also be a helpful source

because it discusses the things that affected hip-hop in addition to the ways that hip-hop

affected the world around it. Examples of these influences include black churches and

competitive oral competition (Codrington).

4. This source is credible because it comes from the Oxford African American Studies

Center which focuses on the African American experience.

Source 4

1. Citation:

Ron Kelley, E. (2006). The Influence of Hip-Hop Culture on the Communication Skills

of

Students as Perceived by Teachers at Selected High Schools in Houston, Texas.

Retrieved from

https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/bitstream/handle/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1773/KEL

LEY-DISSERTATION.pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y

In-text: (Ron Kelley)

2. This source is the dissertation of Edmond Ron Kelley who was attempting to become a

doctor of philosophy. This source could be used for this project because it is all about the

effect that hip-hop has on a specific aspect of American culture, the education system. A

strength of this source is that it was very well-prepared due to the fact that the stakes

were so high for the author. A limitation and a weakness of the source is that it focuses

solely on the effect that hip-hop has on the communication skills of high school students

which is extremely specific.

3. This source would not be too helpful for our project only because of its specificity. It

talks about the effect of hip-hop on the communication skills of high school students in

great depth, but thats it. Thats not even an aspect of American culture that we were

planning on talking about. If it covered a broader topic, then it would be more helpful.
 4. This source is credible because it was reviewed and approved by some knowledgeable

people. These individuals included: the Committee Chair, some Committee members,

and the Head of the Educational Administration Department at Texas A&M University.

Source 5

1. Citation:

Rapzilla.com. (2016, December 19). Hip-Hops Positive and Negative Influence on

Culture [Video file]. Retrieved from

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UxBOX8Pro7s

In-text: (Rapzilla.com, 2016)

2. The purpose of this source is to share a persons thoughts about the influence that hip-hop

has had on American culture. A limitation and weakness of the source is that it comes

from one mans perspective as opposed to the ideas of many put together.

3. It will help my project because it focuses on the effect that hip-hop music has had, and

continues to have, on American culture which is the main point of discussion in our

project. In this video, Billy Johnson talks about how hip-hop expressed different moods,

which made people gravitate towards it, and how it changed clothing styles.

4. This source is credible because it comes from Billy Johnson Jr. who is a reporter that has

been covering hip-hop, R&B, and pop since 1991. His work has been featured on

platforms such as Vibe, Entertainment Weekly, the Hollywood Reporter, the Source, and

more.
Source 6

1. Citation:

Charity, J., Scott, D., Tharpe, F., Diaz, A., Diep, E., Davis, J., Mench, C. (2015,

September 10). 20 Rappers Who Are Influencing Rap Right Now. Complex.

Retrieved from

http://www.complex.com/music/2015/09/20-rappers-who-are-influencing-rap-rig

ht-now

2. The purpose of this source is to provide a list of the hip-hop artists that are viewed as the

most influential. A weakness of this source is that a list such as this is fluid and

ever-changing. The hip-hop artists that have the biggest influence today wont necessarily

be the artists that are influencing people ten years from now. A strength of this source is

that it is written by seven authors which provides a wide range of opinions which allows

them to produce a list which more closely resembles the diverse opinions of American

listeners.

3. This source will help our project because we plan on taking a look at the most influential

hip-hop artists of each decade. This list can provide a basis for us on who are seen as the

most influential.

4. This source is credible because Complex magazine is seen as an expert when it comes to

popular culture.
Source 7

1. Citation:

Zeigler, A. (2015, October 5). The Positivity of Hip-Hop Culture [Blog post]. Retrieved

from

https://theastoundproject.wordpress.com/2015/10/05/the-positivity-of-hip-hop-cul

ture/

In-text: (Zeigler)

2. The purpose of this source is to discuss the origins of hip-hop and how it has changed

American culture over the years. A strength of this source is that it doesnt just focus on

the positive cultural impact. It also discusses the reasons why people claim that hip-hop

has a negative impact on American culture. A weakness is that it comes from a blog site

so it may be deemed an unreliable source.

3. This source would help our project because it fits in with our theme of the cultural

influence of hip-hop. A sentence that I believe sums up the article perfectly says, Even

though older generations do not always approve of younger generations listening to and

dancing to Hip-Hop music, everyone needs to be aware that its four components and
 several sub-components have changed the way people think about music and dance; it

has a major impact on todays culture (Zeigler).

4. This author is somewhat credible. They have clearly spent time researching the subject

which allowed them to write this essay. However, from what I know, they have no real

history of writing about this topic.

Source 8

1. Citation:

Turnurejr. The Cultural Influence of Hip-Hop Music in America [Blog post].

Retrieved from

http://blogs.longwood.edu/turnurejr/2013/03/18/the-cultural-influence-of-hip-hop-

music-in-america/

In-text: (Turnurejr)

2. The purpose of this source, in a broad sense, is to talk about the effect that hip-hop has on

American culture as a whole. This source is limited by its length. Theres only so much

that can be fit into four paragraphs. A strength of this source is its broad topic because it

allows the author to cover more.

3. This source will help our project because it shows both the good and bad in terms of the

way that hip-hop affects people. The author closes by saying, Hip hop is a unique and

very enjoyable style of music if it is not taken literally and has had much more of an

impact on the community, especially the african american community, than what it is

made out to be by society (Turnerejr).

 4. This author has no prior history writing about hip-hop culture or anything involving the

genre. In addition, this source is a blog post so it is not very reliable.

Source 9

1. Citation:

Boylorn, R. M.. Killing Me Softly or on the Miseducation of (Love and) Hip Hop: A

Blackgirl Autoethnography [Abstract]. Retrieved from

http://journals.sagepub.com.librarylink.uncc.edu/doi/pdf/10.1177/1077800416667

685

In-text: (Boylorn)

2. The purpose of this source is to show people how hip-hop songs, such as Killing Me

Softly by The Fugees, were used to tell stories of about growing up, love, loss,

depression, and abuse (Boylorn). A strength of this source is that it focuses on

hip-hops effect on topics such as identity, black feminism, and autoethnography. A

weakness and limitation is that these topics are only relatable to a specific group of

people.

3. This source will help our project because it focuses on influential women in hip-hop. One

line that I would include is when Boylorn says, As a black feminist, I have the tools to

critique hip hop while also participating and living in it, and recognizing its faults while

celebrating its strengths, because it connects the black feminist movement with hip-hop

culture.
 4. Robin M. Boylorn works at the University of Alabama as associate professor of

interpersonal and intercultural communication. She focuses on the lived and stored

experiences of black women.

Source 10

1. Citation:

Nielson, E., & Render M. (n.d). Rap suffers poetic (in)justice. USA Today.

http://web.b.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=13&sid=1f03587f-bc58-41c4-

91de-a730c531f563%40sessionmgr104&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZSZz

Y29wZT1zaXRl#AN=J0E277931016914&db=a9h

In-text: (Nielson & Render, 2015)

2. This source is about a supreme court case in which rap lyrics are used as evidence to

charge someone of criminal activity. A strength of this source is that it talks about the

prominent stereotypes associated with hip-hop artists. The sources specificity in

discussing the role of hip-hop in the judicial system can be seen as a weakness since

werent planning on looking at courts specifically.

3. This source will help our project because it looks at hip-hop music through a different

lens. Since we plan on looking at the genres effect on American culture, it would be

interesting to look at its role in the court system and how it has worked to dispel

prominent stereotypes. I would definitely like to include the part where it says, Since

then, it has offered countless young men and women opportunities to escape the poverty

and violence in America's urban centers. As rapper Ice-T once put it, If I hadn't had a
 chance to rap, I'd either be dead or in jail (Nielson & Render, 2015). These lines speak

to the idea that hip-hop has given many young people the opportunity to get out of their

unfortunate circumstances.

4. Erik Nielson is an Associate Professor at the University of Richmond where he focuses

on hip-hop culture and African American literature. Therefore, Nielson is a credible

author.