ENGINEERS STAMP CONTRACTORS STAMP

A FOR APPROVAL H.J H.A H.A 10-07-2012

REV. ISSUED FOR PREPARED CHECKED APPROVED DATE

KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA


SALINE WATER CONVERSION CORPORATION (SWCC)
PROJECT NO.
520 AL LITH WATER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

ENGINEER
SALINE WATER CONVERSION CORPORATION (SWCC)

CONTRACTOR
Arabian Pipeline Projects Co. / El Concorde Construction Joint
Venture
(APES JV)

LOCATION: TITLE : Earthing and Lightning Calculations

Al LITH
DOCUMENT NO. SHEET REV.
9 1 - Y A 0 0 - F - 7 5 1 1/7 A

SUB- Oficina Tcnica de Estudios y Control de

CONTRACTOR Obras
(OFITECO)


AL LITH WATER TRANSMISSION SYSTEM

Subject: EARTHING AND LIGHTNING CALCULATIONS Page 2 of 7

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Table of Contents

1. INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................3

1.1 General ..................................................................................................................................... 3

1.2 Scope........................................................................................................................................ 3

2. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS & EQUATIONS................................................................................3

2.1 Reference Documents................................................................................................................. 3

2.1.1 Tender / Contract Documents...........................................................................................................3

2.1.2 Drawings...........................................................................................................................................3

2.2 Abbreviations ............................................................................................................................ 3

2.3 Equations: ................................................................................................................................. 4

3. Earthing Calculations:...................................................................................................................................4

3.1 Al-Lith Pumping Station: ............................................................................................................ 4

3.2 Al-Ghallah Reservoir Station: ..................................................................................................... 5

3.3 Gumayqah Reservoir Station: ...................................................................................................... 6

3.4 Al-Wasqah Reservoir Station: ..................................................................................................... 7

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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 General
The earthing system in the project consists of earth rods, used in conjunction with bare copper conductor that will be
installed around the perimeter of the building foundations in a ring configuration (grounding loop) or straight line
configurations depending on the site layout, where the total combined resistance value during any season of the year
and before interconnection to other earthed systems or earthing means must not exceed 1 ohms (QC10-H-095 E13).

1.2 Scope
To ensure achieving this condition (R<1 ) we have to make calculations to expect the resistance to earth of one Rod,
resistance to earth of the interconnected Rods, and resistance to earth of the Ring or straight line type earthing
electrode arrangement for all sites (Al-Lith, Al-Ghallah, Ghumayqah and Al-Wasqah).

2. DEFINITIONS, ABBREVIATIONS & EQUATIONS

2.1 Reference Documents

The following documents have been used for this report.

2.1.1 Tender / Contract Documents

QC10-H-095 E13 Rev. 2 Earthing and Lightning Protection.
R11-152-05 Al-Jazzar Earth Resistivity Test Report.
BS7430 British Standard- Code of practice for earthing.

2.1.2 Drawings
91-QP20-D-754 New Al Lith Pumping Station Earthing & Lightning Layout.
92-QP20-D-751 Al Ghallah Reservoir Station Earthing & Lightning Layout.
92-QP20-D-752 Gumayqah Reservoir Station Earthing & Lightning Layout.
92-QP20-D-753 Al Wasqah Reservoir Station Earthing & Lightning Layout.

2.2 Abbreviations
R Resistance of single rod, in ohms ().
L Length of rod, in meters (m).
D Diameter of rod, in meters (m).
Soil resistivity in ohm meters ( m)
c Resistivity of infill material in ohm meters ( m)
S Distance between rods.
n Number of rods.
Factor (referring to BS7430 page 13).
h Depth of conductor, in meters (m).
w Diameter of conductor, in meters (m).
P, Q Coefficients given for different arrangements of electrode (referring to BS7430 page 16).

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2.3 Equations:

The resistance to earth of single electrode R can be determined using the following equation taken
from BS7430:

1 8L 8L
R= ( ) log( ) 1 + log( ) 1
2 L c
D c
D

The resistance to earth of multiple electrodes Rn can be determined using the following equation
taken from BS7430:

1 + a
Rn = R
n

a=
2 R S

For a strip or round conductor electrode the resistance Rc, in ohms is given by the following
equation taken from BS7430:

2L
2
Rc = log( c ) + Q
P Lc wh

3. Earthing Calculations:

3.1 Al-Lith Pumping Station:

The earthing bar of PCB-LPS main switchboard will be connected to the existing earthing system of Al-Lith
Desalination plant via 2 x (1x70mm Cu/PVC) conductors connected to the earth bar of the Desalination
plant main LV switchgear; the earthing conductors will be run in the same route as the main power cables
incoming from the Desalination plant main LV switchgear and feeding PCB-LPS.

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3.2 Al-Ghallah Reservoir Station:

Al-Ghallah Reservoir Station Data Required for Earthing Calculations:

Item Symbol Description Unit Value
1 L Length of rod m 21
2 Soil resistivity .m 133
3 c Resistivity of infill material (Bentonite) .m 10
4 D Diameter of rod m 0.020
5 Factor (referring to BS7430 page 13) - 1.66
6 s Distance between rods m 21
7 w Diameter of conductor (70mm) m 0.01
8 h Depth of conductor m 0.6
9 Lc Conductor Length m 230
10 P Coefficients given for different arrangements - 2
11 Q of electrode (BS7430 page 16). - -1.3
12 n Number of rods to be used No. 12

1 8 21 8 21
R= (133 10) log( ) 1 + 10log( ) 1 = 2.95
2 21 0.020 0.020

133
a= = 0.354
2 2.85 21

1 + 1.66 0.354
Rn = 2.95 = 0.39
12

133 2 280 2
Rc = log( ) 1.3 = 0.56
2 280 0.6 0.01

RT = Rn + RC

0.39 + 0.56 = 0.95 p 1

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3.3 Gumayqah Reservoir Station:

Gumayqah Reservoir Station Data Required for Earthing Calculations:

Item Symbol Description Unit Value
1 L Length of rod m 21
2 Soil resistivity .m 150
3 c Resistivity of infill material (Bentonite) .m 10
4 D Diameter of rod m 0.020
5 Factor (referring to BS7430 page 13) - 1.66
6 s Distance between rods m 21
7 w Diameter of conductor (70mm) m 0.01
8 h Depth of conductor m 0.6
9 Lc Conductor Length m 300
10 P Coefficients given for different arrangements - 2
11 Q of electrode (BS7430 page 16). - -1.3
12 n Number of rods to be used No. 13

1 8 21 8 21
R= (150 10 ) log( ) 1 + 10 log( ) 1 = 3 . 33
2 21 0 . 020 0 . 020

150
a= = 0.354
2 3.2 21

1 + 1 . 66 0 . 354
Rn = 3 . 33 = 0 . 41
13

150 2 300 2
Rc = log( ) 1.3 = 0.49
2 300 0.6 0.01

RT = Rn + RC

0.41 + 0.49 = 0.9 p 1

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3.4 Al-Wasqah Reservoir Station:

Al-Wasqah Reservoir Station Data Required for Earthing Calculations:

Item Symbol Description Unit Value
1 L Length of rod m 21
2 Soil resistivity .m 64
3 c Resistivity of infill material (Bentonite) .m 10
4 D Diameter of rod m 0.020
5 Factor (referring to BS7430 page 13) - 1.66
6 s Distance between rods m 21
7 w Diameter of conductor (70mm) m 0.01
8 h Depth of conductor m 0.6
9 Lc Conductor Length m 160
10 P Coefficients given for different arrangements - 2
11 Q of electrode (BS7430 page 16). - -1.3
12 n Number of rods to be used No. 7

1 8 21 8 21
R= ( 64 10 ) log( ) 1 + 10 log( ) 1 = 1 .42
2 21 0 .020 0 .020

64
a= = 0.354
2 1.37 21

1 + 1 . 66 0 . 354
Rn = 1 . 42 = 0 . 32
7

64 2 160 2
Rc = log( ) 1.3 = 0.36
2 160 0.6 0.01

RT = Rn + RC

0.32 + 0.36 = 0.68 p 1