Quy trnh chm sc v iu khin cho xoi ra hoa, u tri

1. Kch thch cho xoi ra t v hoa ng lot

Sau khi thu hoch cy xoi khong 1-1,5 thng tin hnh bn phn ta cnh nhanh, gn
nhm nhm kch thch ra t ng lot. Mt s vn c iu kin, sau thu hoch c th p dng
bin php xit nc, bm nc ra khi mng vn, h mc thy cp xung su trong vi tun.
Sau cho nc v mng, kt hp bn phn ti nc m cy s ra hoa ng lot. T l
phn lc ny cn nhiu m cy c th ra l tt c th bn NPK theo cng thc 3 1 1 hoc
3 2 1 tng lng phn p dng khong 1 kg NPK 20-20-15 + 1 kg ur cho cy 7-10 nm
tui.

C th p dng: Nitrat kali (KNO3) nng 1-1,5% (100-150gr/10 lt nc) i vi mt

s ging mn cm nh xoi Thm, xoi Bi, xoi Ct Chu. Nn s dng Dola 02X liu lng
0,4-0,5%(40-50gr/10 lt nc) cho cc ging kh ra hoa nh Ct Ha Lc, Ct Nc, Xoi
Tng. Sau 5-7 ngy, quan st thy mm hoa ra khng u, tin hnh phun b sung liu
lng s dng cy ra t v hoa ng lot hn. Giai on ny c mt s i tng dch
hi quan trng nh b ct l, b tr, su c cnh non, bnh thn th. C th phi hp cng lc
cc loi thuc phng tr su bnh: Fenbis, Manzate, Basudin 50ND, Dithane. Trng hp c
ry bng xoi v b tr nn pha thm Butyl + Admire.

2. Quy trnh phun xt xoi

Cn lu c im ca cy x l xoi ra hoa t kt qu cao:

* Xoi t 4-10 nm tui: Cy cn ra t t 2-3 ln, sau cy mi c th ra hoa c.

* Xoi hn 10 nm tui: Ch cn ra t mt ln l c th ra hoa c. h tr cy

phn ha mm tt, cy cn c bn phn ln v kali cao hn bng cch phun MKP(0-52-34) ba
ln, cch nhau 7-10 ngy/ln v bn gc cc loi phn cha hm lng ln v kali cao.

2.2.1. Cho ra hoa sm :

- Mc ch bn c gi cao nhng gp rt nhiu iu bt li nh ma bo nhiu, bnh

nhiu, u t v ri ro cao.

- i vi cy gi (hn 10 nm tui) p dng thuc ti gc khi cy ra t ln 1 hoc 2,

cy t p dng thuc ti gc khi cy ra t ln 2 hoc 3.

- Thi im ti thuc thch hp nht l khi cy va l t 3-5 cm.

- Thuc dng c ch sinh trng cy ch ng phn ha mm hoa l cht

Paclobutrazol loi 10% hoc 15%. Liu lng s dng: 10gr/1 m ng knh tn loi 10%, th
d cy c ng knh tn 5m th s dng 50gr Paclobutrazol 10% ti vo gc.

- Cch ti :

* Dng bn chi st nh sch gc xoi cch mt t khong 30 cm.

* Dng len o mt rnh nh su 10 cm, ngang 5 cm xung quanh gc cy.

* Cn v pha ton b lng thuc tnh ton vo 3-5 lt nc sch.

* Ti dung dch thuc ny ln thn cy khong 50 cm cho thuc chy di v ng vo

rnh.

* Gi m 3-5 tun l cho cy d hp thu thuc ti.

* Sau phun MKP(0-52-34) 40gr/10 lt nc , phun 3 ln, cch nhau 7-10 ngy/ln.

* Sau 3 thng phun Dola 02X liu lng 50gr/10 lt nc thc cy ra hoa ng lot.

2.2.2. Ra hoa chnh v:

BSCL xoi thng ra hoa t nhin t thng 12-1dl v thu hoch vo trung tun
thng 4 n thng 5 dl. Quan st trong vn thy c mt s cy t nhin ra hoa. Cn cn i
ngun lc c th chia vn ra 2-3 ln xt kch thch ra hoa Paclobutrazol 10%, cch 1-2 tun
sau ny d i ph vi thi tit bt li v gim p lc do phi tiu th sn phm qu nhiu cng
mt lc.

2.2.3. Quy trnh phun xt bo v hoa v tri:

a. Phun ln 1 : Khi sau khi x l ra hoa c 2-3 thng v khi cy c biu hin sp ra
hoa, s dng 50g Dola 02X + 30g Manzate/10 lt nc. Sau 5-7 ngy phun b sung 30 gr
Dola 02X/10 lt nc cy ra hoa ng lot hn.

b. Phun ln 2 : Khi pht hoa xoi va l khong 3-5 cm (l ca g). Giai on ny c

th xut hin: ry bng xoi, su n bng, bnh thn th nn s dng cc loi thuc phi hp
nh sau: Butyl + Polytrin P + Carbenzim + Botrac. Nguyn t Bo gia tng sc sng ht phn,
h tr s u tri.

c. Phun ln 3 : Khi pht hoa t kch thc ti a v c mt vi hoa trong cng va n.

Giai on ny c th dng Admire + Ridomil + SecSaigon tr ry bng xoi, b tr, su o n
bng, su nhiu bng, su c ln bng v bnh thn th.

d. Phun ln 4 : Khi hoa ang n r, giai on ny cy rt cn thi tit nng m, kh ro

v cn nhiu cn trng th phn nh ong mt, rui nh, bm,...V vy, tm ngng s dng
thuc tr su giai on ny nhm bo v cn trng c ch. Gi cng l tc nhn quan trng gip
phn xoi c th tung i xa v th phn cho. Bnh thn th l bnh quan trng nh hng ln
s thnh bi ca ma v. S dng Score phng tr bnh thn th.

e. Phun ln 5 & 6 : Cch 4 ngy/ln phun tip Score nga bnh thn th.

f. Phun ln 7: Lc ny xoi u tri non bng u a n (ht u) n u ngn tay

t, giai on ny d rng tri non nu gp thi tit bt li. B tr l i tng gy hi quan trng,
tip n ry bng xoi v bnh thn th, nn s dng Admire, Antracol. Tip tc phun ln 8 cc
loi thuc: Polytrin P, Topsin M, Carbendazim v NAA. Cht NAA hn ch rng tri non.

* Lu : Trong thi k ra hoa ang n r nu tri khng ma th c 4 ngy phun nga

1 ln. Nhng nu c ma lin tc sau khi phun cn phi rung cy hoc phun ra nc sch ri
phun li sau , nhng gim dn liu lng ngn chn nm bnh v thi gian khng c tr
hn 24 gi, thuc phi cn s dng lun phin trnh hin tng khng thuc.

g. Cc ln tip theo : Sau phun nh k 7-10 ngy/ln phun thuc tr su bnh, b tr

tri c sng p n 40-45 ngy tui.

C 2 gii php la chn chm sc tip n khi thu hoch :

- Cc cy xoi canh tc theo li truyn thng, c tn cao hoc ni thiu cng lao ng
th phun thuc ha hc nh k 7-10 ngy/ln phun cc loi thuc phng tr ry bng xoi, bnh
thn th v b tr n ngy thu hoch.

- Cc cy xoi c trng bng phng php ghp, c tn ln th nn s dng phng

php bao tri. Cch bao tri nh sau : Thi im bao tri vo khong 40-45 ngy sau khi u
tri, giai on ny tri ht rng sinh l ln 3, ang thi k sinh trng tch cc. Nn x l
tri trc khi bao: ta b cc tri b xy xc, da cm, c vt bnh, tri nh, qun queo ch cha
li 1-2 tri u p trn 1 bng. i vi cc ging xoi c kh nng u tri cao, ln tri
ng u th c th li 3-4 tri nh cc ging Ct Chu, Xoi Tam An, Pan-cng-x v ta b
lun cc gi hoa kh ho c th lm xy xc tri. Phun cc loi thuc bo v thc vt k
tc khi bao bng cc loi thuc nh: Ridomil, Polytrin v cht bm dnh Toba ri sau bao
tri li.

3. Ti nc
Nc c vai tr rt quan trng tng nng sut v cht lng xoi khng nhng ngay
trong ma v m cn nh hng n v nm sau. Trong ma kh hn, cy ang mang
tri nu c iu kin, khi ti phi u v nc, mi ln ti khng nn cch qu 5-7
ngy, nu khng s d gy sc cho cy lm rng tri non hng lot.
 Phng tr su bnh:

- Bnh thn th: Bnh lm thi en hoa, rng hoa, thi en trn qu. Dng
Benlat C hoc Score 250 EC phun t khi hoa n n 2 thng sau vi 7 ngy phun 1 ln,
sau 1 thng phun 1 ln.

- Bnh phn trng: Xm nhim v gy hi l, hoa, qu c bit l hoa v chm

hoa. Dng Rhidomila MZ 72WP, Anvil 5SC,...

- Bnh mui en: Do bi tit ca rp, dng: Bassa 50 EC, Trebon 2,5 EC v c
th phun cc loi thuc tr nm c gc ng,...

- Bnh chy l: Bnh pht trin trong ma ma, gy hi ch yu trn l. Phng tr

bng cch ct b l bnh, phun thuc Rhidomil MZ 72 WP, Kasumin 2L,...

- Su c thn, c cnh: Dng by n bt su trng thnh, tim vo l nhng

loi thuc c tnh xng hi mnh hoc ni hp nh: Actara 25 WG, Padan 95SP, bt l
bng t st dit su non.

- Ry xanh: Ry tit dch gy bnh ma nng, lm xoi km pht trin. Thi gian
hi mnh t thng 10 nm trc n thng 6 nm sau. Dng Bassa 50 EC, Trebon 2,5
EC, Supracide 40 EC, Song m 24,5 EC,...

- Rui c qu: Rui c vo qu lc v qu gi, trng di lp v, su non

n tht qu gy thi, rng qu. Dng Sherpa 25 EC, Lc Sn 0,26 DD, Padan 95 SP.

- Bnh thi t: Do nm Dipldia Natalensis ph hi trn cnh, l, tri. Cnh non

xut hin m sm mu lan dn nn l. L cng b bin sang mu nu, ba l cun ln
trn. C th thy m chy trn cc cnh b bnh. Ch dc cnh b bnh c th thy bn
trong c cc sc nu do cc mch dn nha b h. Bnh pht trin mnh lc m khng
kh cao, lan nhanh trong ma ma. Trn tri, vng v quanh cung tri b ng sm mu,
sau lan rng thnh vng en trn, sau 2-3 ngy c th gy thi tri.

- Cch phng tr: dng Booc phun nh k lc pht hin bnh. tri c th
nhng vo dung dch hn the (borax) pha long nng 0,06%.

Hun khi: Ging nh mt s cy n qu, hun khi c tc dng kch thch cho xoi ra hoa
tri v. Cch lm: ly rm r m, c rc hoc cnh cy cn ti vun thnh ng di cc
gc xoi ri t v chy m trong 12 gi, sao cho khi to khp cc tn l. Tin hnh
t lp i lp li trong 2 tun lin. Cch lm ny thng x l trc hai thng khi cy bt
u n hoa t nhin kch thch ra hoa sm. Sau khi x l khong 1 thng cy c th ra
hoa.
Phun KNO3: Vic x l bng nitrakali (KNO3) nng 4% tc ng ln xoi nh mt
tc nhn kch thch ra hoa, ph ng cho mm. Trc khi phun KNO3 mt thng phi xit
nc, ngng ti, t kh hon ton. Trc khi kch thch ra hoa 15-20 ngy cn x l
bng MKP (0-52-34) ngn cy ra l non, phun li cht ny 14 ngy sau . Liu lng
100-200g KNO3/10 lt nc/cy. 5 ngy sau phun ln 1 nu thy triu chng ra hoa phun
tip ln 2 liu lng nh ln 1. Khong 1 tun sau phun, nh chi s nh mm pht hoa.
7 ngy sau khi nh mm hoa s pht trin thnh chm hoa. Sau 4 ngy na hoa s n
(thi gian ny khng c s dng thuc BVTV).

X l bng cht Paclobutrazol: y l cht thuc nhm gibberillin tng hp, lng
dng l 4g/cy. Cht Paclobutrazol c th bn vo t, phun ln l, ti vo quanh gc
hoc ti nh git.