Revista Realidad 118, 2008

El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad

YAMAND ACOSTA
Universidad de la Repblica, Montevideo, Uruguay

9,:<4,5! +LZKL SVZ WYLZV

JYm[PJVZSHSVZVMxHZLOHJVU
N\YHKV JVTV \UH HJ[P]PKHK
KPZ[PU[H HS S\JYV ` HS WVKLY
,Z[m LU \U UVS\NHY JVU
YLZWLJ[V H SHZ KPUmTPJHZ KL
SH JVTWL[LUJPH LJVU}TPJH `
KLSHJHYYLYHWVYSHZNHUHUJPHZ
WVSx[PJHZ :PU LTIHYNV LZ[H
ZP[\HJP}U UV JVUK\JL H SH
SVZVMxHH\UHHJ[P[\KKLZPU[LYLZHKHWVYUVKLJPYPUKPMLYLU[LHU[LSH
YLHSPKHK(U[LZIPLULZJVUKPJP}UULJLZHYPHWHYHZ\JYx[PJHHSWVKLY
():;9(*;! :PUJL WYLZVJYH[PJ WOPSVZVWOLYZ 7OPSVZVWO` OHZ ILLU HU
HJ[P]P[`[OH[KPZ[PUN\PZOLZP[ZLSMMYVTWYV[HUKWV^LY0[PZSVJH[LKPU
HUVUWSHJLYLNHYKPUN[OLLJVUVTPJHUKWVSP[PJJVTWL[P[PVUZ5L
]LY[OLSLZZ[OPZKVLZUV[SLHK7OPSVZVWO`[VPUKPMMLYLUJL[V^HYKYLHSP[`
4VYLV]LYP[PZHULJLZZHY`JVUKP[PVU[VP[ZJYP[PJ[VWV^LY

El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad 677

Revista Realidad 118, 2008
Tales: la losofa como contemplacin
,
S WSHU[LHTPLU[V KLS WYVISLTH
KLSUVS\NHYKLSHSVZVMxHLU
SH ZVJPLKHK [PLUL \UH OPZ[VYPH
JHZP[HUSHYNHJVTVSHSVZVMxHTPZ
TH (SN\UH ]La HWYLUKx JVU LS
YLJVYKHKVWYVMLZVY4HYPV:PS]H.HY
JxH ` H WHY[PY KL HSSx [HTIPtU SV
LUZL|tX\LJ\HUKV;HSLZKL4PSL[V
ZL|HSHKV WVY SH [YHKPJP}U JVTV LS
WYPTLYVKLSVZS}ZVMVZLZ[\]VLUSH
JVY[L KL \U [PYHUV SSHTHKV 3L}U `
LZ[LSLWYLN\U[}X\PtULYH;HSLZYLZ
WVUKP}HSHWYLN\U[HJVTWHYHUKVSH
]PKH JVU SVZ Q\LNVZ KLWVY[P]VZ X\L
KLZKL HX\LSSH J\S[\YH SSLNHU OHZ[H
U\LZ[YVZKxHZ,_WYLZ};HSLZX\LHZx
JVTVLUSVZQ\LNVZOH`X\PLULZ]HU
H JVTWL[PY X\PLULZ ]HU H ]LUKLY
KL[LYTPUHKVZ WYVK\J[VZ ` X\PLULZ
ZPTWSLTLU[L]HUH]LYSVX\LHJVU
[LJL LU SH ]PKH OH` KPZ[PU[VZ [PWVZ
KLZLYLZO\THUVZ`X\LtS;HSLZKL
1. Parmnides: la identidad entre el pensar y el ser y el
develamiento de la verdad
,
ULSJtSLIYLWVLTHSVZ}JV
SH KPVZH LUZL|H H 7HYTtUPKLZ
X\L UV VIZ[HU[L SH WS\YHSP
KHK ` LS JHTIPV HWHYLU[LZ H SVZ
ZLU[PKVZ ZLY ` WLUZHY ZVU \UH `
SHTPZTHJVZHWVYSVX\LSHJVU
[LTWSHJP}U KL SH ]LYKHK KL SV X\L
HJVU[LJLX\LZ\YNLKLSHHUtJKV[H
KL;HSLZ JVTV LS HWVY[L WYVWPV KL
SHSVZVMxHUVZVSHTLU[LPTWSPJHLS
KPZ[HUJPHTPLU[VKLSVZULNVJPVZLU
LSVJPVJVU[LTWSH[P]VZPUV[HTIPtU
LS KPZJLYUPTPLU[V KL SV HWHYLU[L
678 El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad
4PSL[V ZL \IPJHIH LU[YL HX\LSSVZ
X\L ZL SPTP[HIHU H JVU[LTWSHY SV
X\LWHZHX\LtSLYH\US}ZVMV
4PLU[YHZJVTWL[PKVYLZ`]LUKL
KVYLZ LZ[mU HJ[P]HTLU[L HY[PJ\SHKVZ
LUKL[LYTPUHKHMVYTHKLULNVJPVLS
S}ZVMVLZ[mWVYLSJVU[YHYPVPUZ[H
SHKVLULSVJPVKLZKLLSJ\HSLQLYJL
SH[LVYxH"LZKLJPYSHJVU[LTWSHJP}U
X\L ZVSHTLU[L WYVK\JL \UH ]PZP}U
KLS T\UKV [OLVYLPU $ ]LY JVU
[LTWSHY ,S S}ZVMV ZL JVTWYVTL[L
JVUZ\S\NHY`Z\[PLTWVZVSHTLU[L
JVTV\U[LZ[PNVKLSVX\LHJVU[LJL
LUSH]PKHKLSHZVJPLKHKHSHJ\HS
SL HWVY[H \UH ]PZP}U KL JVUQ\U[V
KLZKLSHKPZ[HUJPHWYVWVYJPVUHKHWVY
LSVJPVX\LNHYHU[PaHX\LSHTPZTH
ZLH HQLUH H SVZ Q\LNVZ KL PU[LYLZLZ
X\L ZL Q\LNHU LU LS T\UKV KL SVZ
ULNVJPVZ
WHYH LS KL]LSHTPLU[V KL SH ]LYKHK
HSt[OLPHJVUSVZVQVZKLSHYHa}U
SVNVZ3H]PZP}UKLJVUQ\U[VKL
SVX\LWHZHLUJ\HU[VWYVWPHTLU[L
[HS LZ KLJPY LU J\HU[V [LVYxH PT
WSPJH LS LZM\LYaV KL KL]LSHY JVU SH
YHa}U SH ]LYKHK VJ\S[H KLS ZLY [YHZ
LST\UKVKLHWHYPLUJPHZHSX\LSVZ
ZLU[PKVZUVZSPNHU
5V VIZ[HU[L MxZPJHTLU[L LS 
S}ZVMVLZ[tJVTVLZWLJ[HKVYHJPLY[H
KPZ[HUJPHKLSLZWLJ[mJ\SVX\LSHZV
JPLKHK KLZHYYVSSH HU[L Z\Z VQVZ KL
HJ\LYKV H SH HUtJKV[H KL;HSLZ SH
TPZTHYLZPNUPJHKHHSHS\aKLSVZ
WYPUJPWPVZKLSHSVZVMxHKL7HYTtUP
KLZPTWSPJHX\LLSS}ZVMVVSVX\L
SVOHJLWYVWPHTLU[L[HSLZKLJPY
LSLQLYJPJPVKLSHYHa}UL_WYLZHLS
KPZJ\YZV]LYKHKLYVVUPJVKPZJ\YZV
WVZPISL ZVIYL LS ZLY PUJS\`LUKV SH
KPTLUZP}UZVJPHSX\LUVLZSVV[YV
KLSHKPTLUZP}UUH[\YHSZPUVJVUZ[P
[\`LU[LKLSHTPZTHKLZKLLSJLU
[YV TPZTV KLS ZLY UH[\YHS ZVJPHS
YHJPVUHS JVU LS J\HS JVPUJPKL KL
2. Platn: el lsofo y el poltico. El mundo de las ideas
y la caverna (la academia y el gora).
7
HYTtUPKLZ HYT} LS ZLY ` Z\
PKLU[PKHK JVU LS WLUZHY UP
OPSPaHUKV LS KL]LUPY 7SH[}U
HYT}LSZLY`SH\UPKHKHYTHUKV
`L_WSPJHUKVHSTPZTV[PLTWVLSKL
]LUPY`SHT\S[PWSPJPKHK![HSLZSH]PY
[\KKLSHX\LZLJVUVJLJVTV[LVYxH
KL SVZ KVZ T\UKVZ X\L LUJ\LU[YH
\UH YLWYLZLU[HJP}U JHZP MV[VNYmJH
LU LS JtSLIYL WHZHQL KLS 3PIYV =00
KL3H9LWISPJHJVUVJPKVJVTVSH
HSLNVYxHKLSHJH]LYUHKLSX\LJHZP
ZPUL_JLWJP}U[VKVZSVZX\LOLTVZ
WHZHKVWVYSVZJ\YZVZKLSVZVMxHLU
SH LUZL|HUaH TLKPH OLTVZ [LUPKV
HSTLUVZHSN\UHUV[PJPH
3HYPX\LaHKLSYLJVYKHKVWHZHQL
OHIPSP[H T\JOHZ SLJ[\YHZ MLYTLU[H
SLZ(X\xPU[LYLZHYmKLZ[HJHYX\LLS
S\NHYKLSHSVZVMxHLZ[mLULST\U
KVKLSHZPKLHZVLZLUJPHZLPKVZ
L[LYUHZUPJHZWLYMLJ[HZLPUT\[H
ISLZ TPLU[YHZ X\L LS T\UKV KL SH
JH]LYUH OHIP[HKV WVY SH T\S[PWSP
El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad
\UTVKVVU[VS}NPJHTLU[LHWYPVYP
Revista Realidad 118, 2008
3HSVZVMxHLUJ\HU[VKL]LSHTPLU
[V ` LU\UJPHJP}U KL SH ]LYKHK UV
LZ[mLUHSNUS\NHYKLSZLYZPUVLU
LS ZLU[PKV LU X\L LZ SH V[YH JHYH
KLSZLYUH[\YHS`ZVJPHSTPZTVLU
J\HU[V WLUZHY 8\LKH MtYYLHTLU[L
HYN\TLU[HKHSH\UPJPKHKLPUT\[H
IPSPKHK KLS ZLY ZVJPHS SLNP[PTHKH
WVY LZL WLUZHY X\L LU Z\ \UPJPKHK
LPUT\[HIPSPKHKLZ[mSLNP[PTHKVWVY
LSZLYKLZKLX\LZLY`WLUZHYZVU
\UH`SHTPZTHJVZH
JPKHKKLSVZZLYLZO\THUVZSHZV
JPLKHKLZLUYLHSPKHKLSS\NHYKLSH
WVSx[PJHLUSHX\LLSS}ZVMVJVTV
WVSx[PJV LS S}ZVMVYL` LZ LS X\L
TLQVYLZNHYHU[xHZW\LKLVMYLJLYLU
SVZ[tYTPUVZKLSI\LUNVIPLYUVJH
WHaKLHZLN\YHYLSVYKLUJVZTVZ
KLSHZVJPLKHKMYLU[LHSHHTLUHaH
SH[LU[L KLS KLZVYKLU JHVZ WVY
SH HYTHJP}U ` YLWYVK\JJP}U KL SH
JVT\UPKHK WVSPZ HY[PJ\SHJP}U
HZPTt[YPJH LU[YL SH LZ[PYWL KL SVZ
X\L NVIPLYUHU SH KL SVZ X\L LQLY
JLUSHKLMLUZH`SHKLSVZX\LWYV
K\JLUJVUZ\[YHIHQVSVZIPLULZKL
JVUZ\TVX\LTH[LYPHSTLU[LOHJLU
WVZPISLSH]PKHKLSHJVT\UPKHK
,Z[VX\PLYLKLJPYX\LLSS}ZVMV
JVTV S}ZVMV OHIP[H LU LS T\UKV
KL SHZ PKLHZ TPLU[YHZ X\L LS S}
ZVMVJVTVWVSx[PJVJVTVTPLTIYV
KL SH WVSPZ YLNYLZH H SH JH]LYUH
KL SH X\L ZHSP} JVTV S}ZVMV WHYH
NVILYUHYVYPLU[HUKVHSHKP]LYZPKHK
679
Revista Realidad 118, 2008
` L]LU[\HS JVUPJ[P]PKHK KL SH ZV
JPLKHKLULSZLU[PKVKLSH\UPKHK
HYTVUxH ` WLYMLJJP}U KL SHZ PKLHZ
X\LZVSHTLU[LtSJVUVJLLUWSLUP
[\K ,S KLILY KLS S}ZVMV WHYH JVU
SH JVT\UPKHK X\L SV MVYT} JVTV
[HS SV VISPNH WVY YLZWVUZHIPSPKHK
JVUSHJVT\UPKHKLZ[VLZWVYYLZ
WVUZHIPSPKHK WVSx[PJH H HY[PJ\SHYZL
JVU SH JVT\UPKHK KLZKL LS S\NHY
KLZ\NVIPLYUV,SS}ZVMV`JVUtS
SHSVZVMxHWVYSHZTLKPHJPVULZKLS
WVSx[PJV ` SH WVSx[PJH HKX\PLYL JVU
SLNP[PTPKHK \U S\NHY JLU[YHS LU SH
ZVJPLKHKWHYHYLWYVK\JPYSHHPTHNLU
`ZLTLQHUaHKLSVYKLUQLYmYX\PJVL
PUT\[HISL KL SHZ PKLHZ ,Z[V LZ \U
VYKLUM\UKHKVLUSHPKLH]HSVYKLS
)PLU`WVYSV[HU[V\UVYKLUI\LUV
` [HTIPtU ]LYKHKLYV Q\Z[V ` ILSSV
MYLU[L HS J\HS J\HSX\PLY WYL[LUZP}U
HS[LYUH[P]H ZVSHTLU[L WVKYm ZLY SH
HTLUHaH KPZVS]LU[L KLS JHVZ SH
Z\Z[P[\JP}U KLS IPLU WVY LS THS KL
SH]LYKHKWVYSHMHSZLKHKKLSHQ\Z
[PJPHWVYSHPUQ\Z[PJPH`KLSHILSSLaH
WVYSHMLHSKHK,SZLU[PKVS[PTVKL
SH SVZVMxH LU SH ZVJPLKHK H [YH]tZ
KLSHWVSx[PJHLZSHKLZSLNP[PTHJP}U
L PUOPIPJP}U KL [VKH HS[LYUH[P]H
JVTV LZ[YH[LNPH KL YLWYVK\JJP}U `
JVUZVSPKHJP}UKL\UVYKLUX\LLU
3. Descartes y Kant: del yo pensante al sujeto trascendental
,
SUVS\NHYKLSHSVZVMxHHWHY
[PYKLSZPNSV?=00LUX\L[YHZ
SHL_[LUZHLPU[LUZHTLKPHJP}U
TLKPHJP}UKLS[LVJLU[YPZTVTLKPL
]HSOHZ\WLYHKVLSJVZTVJLU[YPZTV
HU[PN\V LU LS HU[YVWVJLU[YPZTV KL
SH TVKLYUPKHK LZ SH Z\IQL[P]PKHK
KLSZ\QL[VO\THUVH\UX\L]HJPHKH
KLO\THUPKHK
680 El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad
[HU[V VYPLU[HKV WVY YLMLYLU[LZ L[LY
UVZPUHSJHUaHISLZZLL[LYUPaHJVTV
VYPLU[HJP}U
*\HUKVLSS}ZVMVHJ[HJVTV
WVSx[PJV SLNP[PTH Z\ HJ[\HJP}U LU
[tYTPUVZ VIQL[P]VZ WVYX\L [PLUL LS
JVUVJPTPLU[VX\LSLWLYTP[LVYPLU
[HYHSHZVJPLKHKLULSI\LUY\TIV
` [HTIPtU LU [tYTPUVZ Z\IQL[P]VZ
WVYX\L OHJL LZ[V WVY KLILY WHYH
JVUSHZVJPLKHKX\LSVOHMVYTHKV
`UVWVYPUJSPUHJP}U
(Zx JVTV J\HUKV HJ[H JVTV
WVSx[PJVUVKLQHKLZLYS}ZVMV`SL
KHHSHSVZVMxHZ\KPTLUZP}UWVSx[P
JHLUSHVYPLU[HJP}UKLSHZVJPLKHK
[HS]LaJ\HUKVHJ[HJVTVS}ZVMV
UV KLQH KL ZLY WVSx[PJV ` SL KH H
SH WVSx[PJH Z\ KPTLUZP}U SVZ}JH
LU SH VYPLU[HJP}U KL SH HJHKLTPH"
OHJL KL SH SVZVMxH SH WVSx[PJH WVY
V[YVZTLKPVZOHJLKLSHHJHKLTPH
LSLZWHJPVKLZ\LQLYJPJPVKLWVKLY
SVZ}JVWVSx[PJV ` [YHZ SH WYL[LU
ZP}U KL OHILY ZLWHYHKV LS YtNPTLU
KL]LYKHKKLSHHJHKLTPHKLSYtNP
TLU KL WVKLY KL SH ZVJPLKHK [HS
]La UV OH OLJOV ZPUV HWVY[HY H SH
YLWYVK\JJP}UKLSYtNPTLUKL]LYKHK
`WVKLYKLSH[V[HSPKHKKLSHX\LSH
JVT\UPKHKWVSx[PJH`SHJVT\UPKHK
HJHKtTPJHOHJLUWHY[L
(ZxLSLNVJ}NP[VKL+LZJHY[LZ
YLTP[L H SH Z\Z[HUJPH WLUZHU[L V
HSTHX\LL_PZ[LWVYZxTPZTH`X\L
UV WYLJPZH KLS J\LYWV WHYH L_PZ[PY
[HSJVTVZ\YNLKLSH[LZPZJHY[LZPHUH
WPLUZVS\LNVL_PZ[V(WHY[PYKLSH
]LYKHKM\UKHKHTLU[L[HSKLHJ\LYKV
HSJYP[LYPVJHY[LZPHUVKLSHL]PKLUJPH
YHJPVUHS X\L OHIPSP[H SH ]LYKHK
WVY SH TLYH PU[\PJP}U KL SH YHa}U
X\LKH HIPLY[H SH WVZPIPSPKHK KL SH
]LYKHK WVY KLTVZ[YHJP}U TVYL
NLVTt[YPJV UV OHIPLUKV UHKH
WVYSLQHUV`JVTWSLQVX\LW\KPLYH
ZLY X\L LU WYPUJPWPV UV W\LKH ZLY
JVUVJPKV WVY LZ[H YHa}U SVZ}JH
TL[HMxZPJHTLU[L M\UKHTLU[HKH LU
LS`VWLUZHU[L[P[\SHYKLSHYHa}U`
Z\JHWHJPKHKPU[\P[P]VKLTVZ[YH[P]H
(SN\UH SLJ[\YH KL SH [LYJLYH YLNSH
KLSTt[VKVWLYTP[LHKLTmZLU[LU
KLY X\L SH JHWHJPKHK KL SH YHa}U
KLS `V WLUZHU[L UV ZL SPTP[H H JV
UVJLY PU[\P[P]VKLTVZ[YH[P]HTLU[L
TPUPTPaHUKV SH WVZPIPSPKHK KLS
LYYVY ZP ZL H[PLUL H SVZ WHZVZ KLS
Tt[VKVZPUVX\LHKLTmZLZJHWHa
KL JVUJLIPY \U VYKLU LU SHZ JVZHZ
KPZ[PU[V H HX\tS X\L WVZLxHU WVY
UH[\YHSLaH ` LU [HU[V LZ[L VYKLU
LZ YHJPVUHS KLZKL X\L YLZWVUKL
HS Z\QL[V [P[\SHY KL SH YHa}U HS ZLY
[L}YPJHTLU[LMHJ[PISLX\LKHULZ[H
ISLJPKHZSHZJVUKPJPVULZULJLZHYPHZ
UVVIZ[HU[LUVZ\JPLU[LZWHYHX\L
ZLH[tJUPJHTLU[LMHJ[PISL
(X\x LS WHYHKPNTH JVU[LTWSH
[P]V KL SH HU[PNLKHK JVTPLUaH H
[LULY\UX\PLIYLX\LZLYmJHKH]La
TmZ]PZPISL,SZ\QL[VTVKLYUVH
KPMLYLUJPH KLS Z\QL[V HU[PN\V X\L
JVU[LTWSHIH LS T\UKV JVZTVZ
VYKLU WHYH LU[LUKLYSV ` HJLW[HY
Z\ S\NHY LU LS TPZTV H SVZ LMLJ[VZ
KLUVWYV]VJHYLSJHVZZLVYPLU[H
HOVYH H LU[LUKLY LS T\UKV KLZKL
Z\Z WYPTLYHZ JH\ZHZ ` WYPUJPWPVZ
WHYHPU[LY]LUPYLUtS`JVUZ[Y\PYSVH
Z\PTHNLU`ZLTLQHUaH
,SWSHUKLSZ\QL[VO\THUVJVTV
JYLHKVY KLS T\UKV KLZWSHaH [HU[V
El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad
H SH PKLH NYPLNH KLS T\UKV L[LYUV
Revista Realidad 118, 2008
JVTV H SH PKLH Q\KLVJYPZ[PHUH KLS
T\UKV JYLHKV WVY LS +PVZ L[LYUV
;HSLZZVULSZLU[PKV`SHWYV`LJJP}U
KL SH YHa}U TL[HMxZPJHMPSVZ}MPJH
JPLU[xJH[tJUPJHX\LZLL_WYLZHLU
+LZJHY[LZJVTVWHYHKPNTHSVZ}JV
M\UKHU[LKLSHTVKLYUPKHKLULSX\L
LSZ\QL[VO\THUVWYVJ\YHVJ\WHYLS
S\NHYKL+PVZ
,Z[L Z\QL[V WLUZHU[L [P[\SHY KL
SH YHa}U LZ LU +LZJHY[LZ PUKP]PK\HS
`\UP]LYZHSHSTPZTV[PLTWVKLZKL
X\L SH YHa}U LZ SH JVZH TLQVY YL
WHY[PKHLULST\UKV7LYVLSS\NHY
LZ[YPJ[VKLLZ[HYHa}ULZSHZ\Z[HUJPH
WLUZHU[L WVY SV X\L LS S\NHY KL Z\
HJ[P]PKHK WLUZHU[L TL[HMxZPJVSV
Z}JVJPLU[xJV[tJUPJH LZ [YHZJLU
KLU[LYLZWLJ[VKLSJ\LYWVKLS[P[\SHY
PUKP]PK\HSKLSHYHa}UHZxJVTVYLZ
WLJ[VKLSHL]LU[\HSYLSHJP}UKLLZ[L
J\LYWVJVUV[YVZJ\LYWVZO\THUVZV
UV O\THUVZ SV J\HS KL[LYTPUH SH
WYL[LUZP}U KL L_[LYPVYPKHK YLZWLJ[V
KL [VKH JVYWVYHSPKHK [VKH UH[\YH
SLaH ` [VKH OPZ[VYPH 7VY SV X\L LS
OVYPaVU[LKLLTHUJPWHJP}UO\THUH
X\LtSTPZTVPUK\KHISLTLU[LHIYL
ZL ]L [LUZPVUHKV WVY LS OVYPaVU[L
KLKVTPUHJP}UKLSVO\THUVLUZ\
JVUKPJP}UJVYWVYHSUH[\YHSHZxJVTV
KLST\UKVUH[\YHSJVYWVYHSLU[VKHZ
`JHKH\UHKLZ\ZL_WYLZPVULZ`[HT
IPtUJVTVJVUQ\U[VX\LSVHJVTWH
|H`X\LSSLNHHPTWVULYZLPU]PZPIP
SPaHKV[YHZSH]PZPIPSPKHKKLSWYPTLYV
JVTVOVYPaVU[LSLNP[PTHKVY
,S Z\QL[V KL SH YHa}U ` WVY SV
[HU[V KL SH SVZVMxH ` JVU LSSV SH
SVZVMxH TPZTH LZ[m WVY M\LYH `
WVY LUJPTH KL SV YLHSUH[\YHS ` LU
681
Revista Realidad 118, 2008
JVUZLJ\LUJPHKLSVYLHSZVJPHSWVY
SV X\L SH [LUZP}U LTHUJPWHJP}U
KVTPUHJP}U LU SH X\L LS ZLN\UKV
OVYPaVU[L ZL PTWVUL PU]PZPIPSPaHKV
` SLNP[PTHKV WVY LS WYPTLYV [PL
UL ZVIYL SH ZVJPLKHK LMLJ[VZ KL
KVTPUHJP}U X\L ZL WYL[LUKLU KL
LTHUJPWHJP}U X\L ZL WYL[LUKLU
HIZVS\[HTLU[L YHJPVUHSLZ KLZKL LS
WYL[LUKPKV UV S\NHY KL SH SVZVMxH
LUSHZVJPLKHK
*VU2HU[LSZ\QL[VKLSYHJPVUH
SPZTVJHY[LZPHUV]L[YHUZMVYTHKHZ\
Z\Z[HUJPHSPKHK TL[HMxZPJH KLS HSTH
LU SH HIZ[YHJJP}U LWPZ[LTVS}NPJH
KLS Z\QL[V [YHZJLUKLU[HS ,Z[L Z\
QL[V [YHZJLUKLU[HS LZ LS [P[\SHY KLS
JVUVJPTPLU[V`SHHJJP}UYHJPVUHS
TLU[LM\UKHKHZLUSVX\LOHJLHSH
YHa}UW\YH[L}YPJH`HSHYHa}UW\YH
WYmJ[PJH ` LZ [HTIPtU [P[\SHY KLS
WLUZHTPLU[VYHJPVUHSX\LL_JLKLSHZ
WVZPIPSPKHKLZKLJVUVJPTPLU[VKLSH
4. Hegel: la losofa es la poca puesta en pensamiento
-
YLU[L H SH HIZ[YHJJP}U TL[HMx
ZPJH KLS Z\QL[V JHY[LZPHUV ` SH
HIZ[YHJJP}ULWPZ[LTVS}NPJHKLS
Z\QL[V RHU[PHUV /LNLS KLZHYYVSSH
\UH JVUZ[Y\JJP}U JVUJLW[\HS KLS
Z\QL[V WYLRHU[PHUV LU Z\ JVZ[HKV
VU[VS}NPJV ` WVZRHU[PHUV LU Z\
[LUZPVUHSTLU[L JVTWSLTLU[HYPV
JVZ[HKVOPZ[}YPJV
/LNLSYL[VYUHHSHTL[HMxZPJH`
SHPUJS\`LLUSH/PZ[VYPH<UVKLSVZ
[x[\SVZKLSHZ3LJJPVULZKLSHOPZ[V
YPHKLSHSVZVMxHKL/LNLSZLYLLYL
H SH SVZVMxH JVTV WLUZHTPLU[V
682 El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad
YHa}U TPZTH SH KPTLUZP}U TL[HMx
ZPJH KLS WLUZHTPLU[V X\L LZ JVL_
[LUZP]HHSHTPZTHYHa}UKLSZ\QL[V
[YHZJLUKLU[HS X\L LU SH JVYYPLU[L
WYPUJPWHSKLSWLUZHTPLU[VKL2HU[`
KLSRHU[PZTVWHYLJLX\LKHYPKLU[P
JHKHJVUSHJVUKPJP}UO\THUH
3H \UP]LYZHSPKHK HIZ[YHJ[H KL
LZ[LZ\QL[V[YHZJLUKLU[HSLUJ\HU[V
[P[\SHY KL SH YHa}U ` WVY [HU[V KLS
JVUVJPTPLU[V SH HJJP}U ` LS WLU
ZHTPLU[VYHJPVUHSLZKPJLKLTVKV
YLUV]HKVHJLYJHKLSUVS\NHYKLSH
SVZVMxHLUSHZVJPLKHK3HSVZVMxH
LZ[YPJ[HTLU[L [HS ZL KLZWSPLNH LU
SH YHa}U J\`V [P[\SHY LZ LS Z\QL[V
[YHZJLUKLU[HS WVY SV J\HS SV OHJL
LU \U WSHUV KL HIZ[YHJJP}U X\L
[YHZJPLUKLSHZJVUKPJPVULZOPZ[}YPJV
ZVJPHSLZVIQL[P]HZWYVK\J[VKL\UH
[YHZJLUKLU[HSPaHJP}U PSLNx[PTH KLS
Z\QL[V LTWxYPJV L OPZ[}YPJV KLZKL
LZHZJVUKPJPVULZ
KLZ\[PLTWV,Z[VPTWSPJHJVSVJHY
HSHSVZVMxHLUSH[LTWVYHSPKHKLU
J\HU[V WLUZHTPLU[V YLSH[P]V H SH
tWVJH LU LS J\HS ZL L_WYLZH WLYV
[HTIPtUJVTVWLUZHTPLU[VH[YH]tZ
KLSJ\HSLZHtWVJHZLL_WYLZHLULS
UP]LS KLS JVUJLW[V HSJHUaHUKV SH
TH`VYH\[VJVUJPLUJPHWVZPISL7LYV
SH [LTWVYHSPKHK X\L PTWYLZPVUH
JVTVSHOPZ[VYPJPKHKKLSVZZ\QL[VZ
HJ[\HU[LZ ` WLUZHU[LZ X\L WHYLJLU
HSJHUaHY KLZKL Zx TPZTVZ ` WVY Zx
TPZTVZ LZL UP]LS SVZ}JV KL SH
H\[VJVUJPLUJPHX\LKPJLHJLYJHKLS
S\NHYKLSHSVZVMxHLUSHZVJPLKHK`
KLZ\WYV[HNVUPZTVWHYLJLYLZWVU
KLYHSHS[PTHPUZ[HUJPHKLSLZWxYP[\
HIZVS\[V X\L JVTV M\UKHTLU[V
VU[VS}NPJVLUJ\LU[YHLUSVZHNLU[LZ
O\THUVZ ` Z\ OPZ[VYPJPKHK TLYHZ
TLKPHJPVULZWHYHWYLZLU[HY`YLWYL
ZLU[HY JVTV WVZPIPSPKHK SV X\L UV
OHKLQHKVKLZLYTL[HMxZPJHULJLZP
KHK3HSVZVMxHJVTVWLUZHTPLU[V
KLZ\[PLTWVUVVIZ[HU[LHWHYLJL
LU SH ZVJPLKHK ` WHYLJL [LULY \U
S\NHY LU LSSH LU SVZ WHYmTL[YVZ KL
Z\OPZ[VYPJPKHKYLZPKLLUZ\M\UKH
5. Marx: el lugar estructural de la losofa
(
SSx KVUKL /LNLS WVZ[\S} LS
LZWxYP[\ HIZVS\[V JVTV M\U
KHTLU[V VU[VS}NPJV Z\I`H
JLU[L KLS HJHLJLY OPZ[}YPJV 4HY_
HYN\TLU[}LU[tYTPUVZKLSHLZ[Y\J
[\YHVIHZLYLHSLUZ\JVUKPJP}UKL
WYVK\J[VKLSHZYLSHJPVULZVIQL[P]HZ
`UV]VS\U[HYPHZX\LSVZZLYLZO\TH
UVZJVU[YHLULU[YLZxWHYHWYVK\JPY
TH[LYPHSTLU[LZ\ZTLKPVZKL]PKH`
KL LZ[H THULYH YLWYVK\JPY Z\ ]PKH
TPZTH(LZHLZ[Y\J[\YHVIHZLYLHS
TH[LYPHS JVUZ[P[\PKH WVY SHZ YL
SHJPVULZ KL WYVK\JJP}U LU [LUZP}U
JVU SHZ M\LYaHZ WYVK\J[P]HZ TH[L
YPHSLZ YLZWLJ[V KL SHZ X\L ZVU Z\Z
JVUKPJPVULZ KL WVZPIPSPKHKPTWV
ZPIPSPKHK ZL JVYYLZWVUKL \UH Z\
WLYLZ[Y\J[\YHPUZ[P[\JPVUHSX\L[PLUL
X\L]LYJVUMVYTHZKLVYNHUPaHJP}U
ZVJPHSZVSPKHYPHZJVULZHIHZLYLHS`
\UH Z\WLYLZ[Y\J[\YH PKLVS}NPJH LU
WYPUJPWPV [HTIPtU ZVSPKHYPH JVU SH
LZ[Y\J[\YH ` SHZ PUZ[P[\JPVULZ JVU
M\UJP}U KL VYPLU[HJP}U L_WSPJH[P]V
El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad
TLU[VS[PTVLULSLZWxYP[\HIZVS\
Revista Realidad 118, 2008
[V SV J\HS PTWSPJH \UH YHKPJHS L_
[LYPVYPKHK`H\[VUVTxHYLZWLJ[VKL
J\HSX\PLY S\NHY ZVJPHS LU [tYTPUVZ
OPZ[}YPJVZ ` LTWxYPJVZ 3H SVZVMxH
KLZKL LZ[L UV S\NHY ZVJPHS ]PLUL
HKLTmZ KLZW\tZ X\L LS [PLTWV OH
[YHUZJ\YYPKV WHYH L_WSPJHYSLNP[PTHY
SV HJVU[LJPKV KLZKL \U WYLZLU[L
LU X\L SH H\[VJVUJPLUJPH PTWSPJH
YLJVUJPSPHJP}U KLS LZWxYP[\ JVUZPNV
TPZTV LU Z\ S[PTH N\YH X\L ZL
L_WYLZH LU SH TPZTxZPTH SVZVMxH
KL/LNLS
PU[LYWYL[H[P]VUVYTH[P]HWHYHLSJVU
Q\U[VKLSHZVJPLKHKX\LZL[YHK\JL
LU S[PTH PUZ[HUJPH JVTV M\UJP}U
KLSLNP[PTHJP}U
3H MPSVZVMxH ZL LUJ\LU[YH LU
LZ[L S\NHY KL SH Z\WLYLZ[Y\J[\YH!
SH PKLVSVNxH ` LZ[V OHJL X\L KL
HJ\LYKVHSHS}NPJHKLYLWYVK\JJP}U
KL SH [V[HSPKHK LZ[Y\J[\YHSPUZ[P[\
JPVUHSPKLVS}NPJH J\TWSH LU LS
UP]LS KLS JVUJLW[V HX\LSSH M\UJP}U
L_WSPJH[P]VPU[LYWYL[H[P]VUVYTH[P]H
` WVY SV [HU[V LU WYPUJPWPV SLNP
[PTH[VYPH KL SH [V[HSPKHK JVUJYL[H
LU J\YZV M\UJP}U X\L J\TWSLU LU
V[YVZ UP]LSLZ ` KL V[YHZ THULYHZ
V[YHZ HJ[P]PKHKLZ Z\WLYLZ[Y\J[\YHSLZ
ZVJPHSLZ,ULZ[HSLJ[\YHSH[YHUZMVY
THJP}U KLS T\UKV H X\L JVU]VJH
SH[LZPZ?0KL4HY_ZVIYL-L\LYIHJO
JVU]VJH[VYPHKL\UHYHKPJHSTV
KLYUPKHK WVY SV X\L KPJL HJLYJH
KLS WYV[HNVUPZTV KL SVZ HNLU[LZ
O\THUVZ LU LZH [YHUZMVYTHJP}U
KL Z\Z JVUKPJPVULZ LZ[Y\J[\YHSLZ
683
Revista Realidad 118, 2008
L PUZ[P[\JPVUHSLZ KL ]PKH ` WVY SV
[HU[VKLZxTPZTVZJVTVZVJPLKHK
O\THUH JVTV ZVJPLKHK KL JSHZLZ
`JVTVPUKP]PK\VZWHYLJLKLQHYH
SHSVZVMxHZPUWHWLS`WVYSV[HU[V
ZPUS\NHYLULZLL]LU[\HSWYVJLZVKL
[YHUZMVYTHJP}U
,U LZ[H SLJ[\YH KL 4HY_ SH 
SVZVMxHHSPN\HSX\LLU/LNLSWLYV
ZVIYL V[YVZ M\UKHTLU[VZ X\LKH
PKLU[PJHKH JVTV ZHILY KL SLNP[P
THJP}UKLSVKHKV`YLZ\S[HKLZJH
SPJHKH JVTV ZHILY KL [YHUZMVYTH
JP}U,Z[H[YHUZMVYTHJP}UZVSHTLU[L
W\LKLLZWLYHYZLKLSHWYH_PZKL\U
Z\QL[VYL]VS\JPVUHYPVX\LUVLZZ\
QL[VKLSHOPZ[VYPHZPUVKLSHWYH_PZ
YL]VS\JPVUHYPH LU SH X\L ]HU LU
Q\LNVSHZ[YHUZMVYTHJPVULZOPZ[}YPJHZ
`WVYSV[HU[VKL[VKVZSVZHNLU[LZ
O\THUVZPUJS\PKVLSTPZTVZ\QL[V
KLSHWYH_PZ
,UV[YHKPYLJJP}USHSLJ[\YHX\L
KL 4HY_ LMLJ[H .YHTZJP WLYTP[L
OHIPSP[HY \UH [YHUZMVYTHJP}U KL SH
SVZVMxH`OHJLYS\NHYH\UHSVZVMxH
KL [YHUZMVYTHJP}U! SH SVZVMxH KL SH
WYH_PZX\LZ\WVULSHKVISLKPYLJJP}U
X\LPTWSPJHWV[LUJPHJP}U[HU[VKLSH
SVZVMxHJVTVKLSHWYH_PZSHX\L]H
KLSHWYH_PZHSHSVZVMxH`SHX\LSV
OHJLKLZKLSHSVZVMxHHSHWYH_PZ

6. El lugar social de la losofa desde algunas claves

aportadas por el pensamiento losco en Amrica
Latina: Ardao, Roig y Hinkelammert

3
HSVZVMxHHJ[\HSLU(Tt
YPJH3H[PUHM\L\UVKLSVZ
[LTHZ [YH[HKVZ LU LS 7YP
TLY*VSVX\PV5HJPVUHSKL-PSVZVMxH
YLHSPaHKV LU 4VYLSPH 4PJOVHJmU
4t_PJV LU   ,U[VUJLZ (Y[\YV
(YKHV JVU[YPI\`} HS KLIH[L JVU Z\
WVULUJPH-\UJP}UHJ[\HSKLSHSV
ZVMxHLU3H[PUVHTtYPJH
,U KPJOV [YHIHQV (YKHV KPZ[PU
N\L LU[YL SH SVZVMxH JVTV ZHILY
MPSVZ}MPJV ` Z\ [YHUZTPZP}U SH
X\L PKLU[PJH JLU[YHSTLU[L JVTV
J\LZ[P}UWLKHN}NPJH`SHSVZVMxH
JVTV WLUZHY SVZ}JV ` WVY SV
[HU[V JVTV JYLHJP}U X\L LZ[PTH
TmZ WYVWPHTLU[L JVTV J\LZ[P}U
SVZ}JH7VULLUYLSHJP}ULSJVU
JLW[VKLM\UJP}UJVULSJVUJLW[V
KLLZ[Y\J[\YHWHYHPUKPJHYX\LSH
SVZVMxHUVW\LKLTLUVZX\LVWLYHY
JVTVMLU}TLUVZVJPHSJVUKPJPVUH
KV HS TPZTV [PLTWV X\L JVUKPJPV
UHU[LKLTHULYHX\L!

LU[HU[VJVUKPJPVUHKHSHSVZVMxHYLJLWJPVUH`HZ\TL
WYVJLZVZX\LZLYLTVU[HUKLZKLSHPUMYHLZ[Y\J[\YHTH[LYPHS
IPVLJVU}TPJH" ` LU [HU[V JVUKPJPVUHU[L [YHZTP[L ` YPNL
WYVJLZVZX\LKLZJPLUKLUKLZKLSHZ\WLYLZ[Y\J[\YHPU[LSLJ
[\HS JPLU[xJVPKLVS}NPJH ,U \UV ` V[YV JHZV [HTIPtU LS
LU[YLJY\aHTPLU[VZVJPHSTLU[LTmZZPNUPJH[P]VZLWYVK\JL
J\HSX\PLYHX\LZLHSHKPYLJJP}UVLSZLU[PKVKLSVZWYVJLZVZ

684 El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad

 LUSVZJHTWVZKLSHLK\JHJP}U`SHWVSx[PJH,U\UV`V[YV

Revista Realidad 118, 2008

JHZVLUUSHZYLSHJPVULZKLKVTPUPVVKLKLWLUKLUJPH
ZLNUZLSHZTPYLLU[YLSVZZLJ[VYLZVNY\WVZX\LMVYTHU
WHY[LKLSVZZPZ[LTHZVLZ[Y\J[\YHZZL]\LS]LUKLJPZP]HZLU
LS Q\LNV KL SVZ JVUKPJPVUHTPLU[VZ ;HU[V X\L ZVU LSSHZ
LUKLUP[P]HSHZX\LKLTVKVTmZKPYLJ[VKHUJHYmJ[LYH
SHM\UJP}UKLSHSVZVMxH,_WSxJP[HVPTWSxJP[HTLU[LJVTV
JVUZLJ\LUJPHLSWYVWPVSVZVMHYYLZ\S[H[PYVULHKVKLZKLSVZ
VW\LZ[VZL_[YLTVZWHYHZLY]PYJVUTH`VYVTLUVYLJHJPH
KLHNLU[LPU[LSLJ[\HSKLKVTPUHJP}UVKLLTHUJPWHJP}U

+PZ[PUN\PLUKV KVZ LQLZ KL JVU SHJVTWYLUZP}UKLX\LSHS}NPJHKL

KPJPVUHTPLU[VZX\LZLLU[YLJY\aHU`
ZVIYLKL[LYTPUHULS]LY[PJHSYLSH[P
]VHYLSHJPVULZKLJSHZLZZVJPHSLZ`
LSOVYPaVU[HSX\LOHJLHSHZYLSH
JPVULZLU[YLUHJPVULZ`YLNPVULZ`LU
SVZJVUKPJPVUHTPLU[VZLZSH[LUZPV
UHSPKHK KVTPUHJP}ULTHUJPWHJP}U
ZL ZPN\L X\L LZ[Y\J[\YHSTLU[L OH
ISHUKVSHSVZVMxHUVW\LKLLZJHWHY
HJ\TWSPY\UH\V[YHM\UJP}U!

<UTVTLU[VOPZ[}YPJVSSLNHLU[VUJLZLUSHZmYLHZKVTP
UHKHZKLZP[\HJP}USxTP[LWHYHSHM\UJP}UKLSHSVZVMxH,U
\U [PWV V MVYTH KL SH TPZTH L_[LYPVYTLU[L KLWLUKPLU[L
JVUJVUJPLUJPHVZPULSSHVWLYHLUSVPU[LYUVJVTVSVZVMxH
KLKVTPUHJP}U(SHPU]LYZH[VKHSVZVMxHKLLTHUJPWHJP}U
UHJPVUHSVYLNPVUHSVISPNHKHHWYVM\UKPaHYZLLZYLJVUK\
JPKHHSHYHKPJHSPaHJP}UZVJPHS`O\THUH`WVYLUKLHSH
\UP]LYZHSPKHKKLSHLTHUJPWHJP}UTPZTH

*VTV WHYH 4HY_ LS S\NHY KL
SH SVZVMxH LZ \U S\NHY LZ[Y\J[\YHS
` WVY SV [HU[V WHYH (YKHV M\U
JPVUHS 7VY LS S\NHY X\L VJ\WH LU
SH LZ[Y\J[\YH LZ JVUKPJPVUHKH WVY
JPLY[VZWYVJLZVZ`JVUKPJPVUHU[LKL
V[YVZ`JVTV[VKVZSVZMLU}TLUVZ
ZVJPHSLZ X\L OHJLU H SH KPUmTPJH
LZ[Y\J[\YHS LZ[m [LUZPVUHKH WVY SH
WVSHYPaHJP}U KVTPUHJP}ULTHUJP
WHJP}UX\LSHJVUZ[P[\`L(KPMLYLU
JPH KL SH WYPTLYH SLJ[\YH KL 4HY_
X\L WYVW\ZPTVZ JVTV WSH\ZPISL
LS S\NHY LZ[Y\J[\YHS KL SH SVZVMxH
UV SH KL[LYTPUH JVTV ZHILY KL
SLNP[PTHJP}U ` WVY SV [HU[V UV SH
OHJL JVUZ[P[\[P]HTLU[L M\UJPVUHS H
SHKVTPUHJP}U3HHKZJYPWJP}UHSH
M\UJP}U KL KVTPUHJP}U V H SH KL
LTHUJPWHJP}ULZ\UHHS[LYUH[P]HX\L
SVZ}JHTLU[LW\LKLKPZJLYUPYZL`
ZPLSZLU[PKVS[PTVKLSHSVZVMxHLZ

El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad 685

Revista Realidad 118, 2008
LS KPZJLYUPTPLU[V KL SH \UP]LYZHSP
KHKLULSWSHUV[L}YPJV`Z\JVUZ
[Y\JJP}ULULSWSHUVWYmJ[PJV]HKL
Z\`VX\LSHVYPLU[HJP}USLNP[PTHU[L
KLSHSVZVMxHLUJ\HU[VSVZVMxHLZ
SHKLSHLTHUJPWHJP}UX\LLU[HU[V
KPZJLYUPTPLU[V ` JVUZ[Y\JJP}U KL
\UP]LYZHSPKHK UV W\LKL KLQHY KL
H[LUKLYHSVZLMLJ[VZKLKVTPUHJP}U
X\L OPZ[}YPJHTLU[L HJVTWH|HU
H [VKV WYVJLZV KL LTHUJPWHJP}U
WHYH Z\WLYHYSVZ LU YLMLYLUJPH H SH
PKLH YLN\SHKVYH KL \U T\UKV ZPU
KVTPUHJP}U ` WVY SV [HU[V KL SH
\UP]LYZHSPKHKKLSVO\THUV
,Z[H WVZPIPSPKHK KL KPZJLYUP
TPLU[VLU[YLKVTPUHJP}U`LTHUJP
WHJP}U`KLSLNP[PTHJP}UKLSWLUZHY
SVZ}JV[HU[VLU[tYTPUVZZVJPHSLZ
JVTVLU[tYTPUVZSVZ}JVZWVYSH
HKZJYPWJP}U H SH M\UJP}U KL LTHU
JPWHJP}UX\LWVYZ\YHKPJHSPaHJP}U
ZVJPHS ` O\THUH  HW\U[H  H SH
\UP]LYZHSPKHK KL SH LTHUJPWHJP}U
TPZTH HJHLJL WVY \U KLZWSHaH
TPLU[V KL SH YHa}U WVY SH PU[LSP
NLUJPHX\LWVYSHYLJ\WLYHJP}UKL
SH YLSHJP}U KLS SVNVZ JVU LS WH[OVZ
` JVU LS L[OVZ [VYUH H SH YHa}U
YHaVUHISL OHIPSP[HUKV SPILYHYSH KL
SVZ LMLJ[VZ HU[P\UP]LYZHSPZ[HZ KL Z\
[V[HSPaHJP}U
,S LQLYJPJPV KL SH PU[LSPNLUJPH
SVZ}JHLZYL]LSHKVYKL\UHH\[V
UVTxHLZWPYP[\HSX\LLZJVUKPJP}U
ZLNU HYN\TLU[H (YKHV WHYH X\L
SHH\[VUVTxH[tJUPJHUVPTWSPX\L
ZVTL[PTPLU[V ZPUV KPZJLYUPTPLU[V
KL SH YHa}U OLYLKHKH KL SH [YH
KPJP}U 0U[LSPNLUJPH SVZ}JH `
H\[VUVTxH LZWPYP[\HS LU SH HYN\
TLU[HJP}UKL(Y[\YV(YKHVZVIYLSH
686 El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad
M\UJP}U KL SH SVZVMxH JVUZ[P[\`LU
THUPMLZ[HJPVULZ KL H\[VHYTHJP}U
KLS Z\QL[V KL SH SVZVMxH WLYMLJ
[HTLU[L LU SxULH JVU LS H WYPVYP
HU[YVWVS}NPJV X\L KLZKL 2HU[ `
WVY SH TLKPHJP}U KL /LNLS JHYHJ
[LYPaH(Y[\YV(UKYtZ9VPNJVTV\U
X\LYLYUVZHUVZV[YVZTPZTVZJVTV
]HSPVZVZ ` [LULY JVTV ]HSPVZV LS
JVUVJLYUVZ H UVZV[YVZ TPZTVZ  `
LULSJ\HSHUJHLSJVTPLUaV`SVZ
YLJVTPLUaVZKLSHSVZVMxH
,S H WYPVYP HU[YVWVS}NPJV [HS
JVTV SV HZ\TL ` LSHIVYH (Y[\YV
(UKYtZ9VPNYLTP[LSHSVZVMxHH\U
Z\QL[VX\LUVLZTL[HMxZPJV\VU[V
S}NPJVUPZVSPWZPZ[HTLU[LPUKP]PK\HS
V \UP]LYZHS ZPUV X\L LZ LTWxYPJV
OPZ[}YPJVPUKP]PK\HS`JVSLJ[P]VWVY
SVJ\HSSHSVZVMxH[PLUL\US\NHYLU
LSJVSLJ[P]VZVJPHSZP[\HKVZPUULNHY
LSWHWLSKLSS}ZVMVPUKP]PK\HSTLU[L
JVUZPKLYHKVOHIPKHJ\LU[HKL[VKHZ
SHZTLKPHJPVULZLU[YLLSPUKP]PK\V`
SH ZVJPLKHK ,S S\NHY KL SH SVZVMxH
LZQ\Z[HTLU[L\US\NHYZVJPHS[PLUL
X\L ]LY JVU SH H\[VHYTHJP}U KL
\UH ZVJPLKHK LU [VKHZ SHZ KPTLU
ZPVULZX\LSHJVUZ[P[\`LU`SHOHJLU
WVZPISL:L[YH[HWVYSV[HU[VKL\U
S\NHYKPUmTPJV`KPUHTPaHKVY
3HYLMLYLUJPHHSZ\QL[VLTWxYPJV
OPZ[}YPJV`JVSLJ[P]VX\LLULSLQLY
JPJPV KLS H WYPVYP HU[YVWVS}NPJV
OHJL S\NHY ZLH HS JVTPLUaV ZLH HS
YLJVTPLUaV KL SH SVZVMxH JVTV
ZHILY UVYTH[P]V KL H\[VJVUZ[Y\J
JP}U KL Zx TPZTV UV JVSPKL  H
U\LZ[YV Q\PJPV JVU SH PKLH KL
Z\QL[V [YHZJLUKLU[HS [HS JVTV SH
M\UKHTLU[H -YHUa /PURLSHTTLY[ 
ZPUV X\L SH Z\WVUL ,U SH WLYZWLJ
[P]H KL /PURLSHTTLY[ LS Z\QL[V LZ
PKLU[PJHKV JVTV SH [YHZJLUKLU[H
SPKHKPUTHULU[LHSHZPUZ[P[\JPVULZ
LZ[Y\J[\YHZ ` ZPZ[LTHZ LU [LUZP}U
JVUSHZJ\HSLZLU[HU[VJVYWVYHSPKHK
HW\U[HHZ\HYTHJP}UH[YH]tZKL
SHJYx[PJH`Z\WLYHJP}UKLOPZ[}YPJVZ
LMLJ[VZ KL ULNHJP}U KLYP]HKVZ KL
SH [V[HSPaHJP}U KL SHZ TPZTHZ +LZ
KL LZ[H YLMLYLUJPH HS Z\QL[V JVTV
[YHZJLUKLU[HSPKHKPUTHULU[LLULS
7. El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad: campo
intelectual, campo cultural y campo del poder
,
S JHTWV PU[LSLJ[\HS LU
J\HU[V JVUZ[P[\[P]V KLS
JHTWV J\S[\YHS ` H Z\
]La PU[LNYHU[L KLS JHTWV KLS WV
KLY OH ]LUPKV NHUHUKV [LYYLUV
MYLU[L H SH [YHKPJPVUHS YLMLYLUJPH HS
PU[LSLJ[\HS V H SH PU[LSPNLUJPH
`HZ\WYV[HNVUPZTVLUSHJ\S[\YH
`LULSWVKLY
,S PU[LSLJ[\HS LZ \U Z\QL[V
X\L LU JVUQ\U[V JVU V[YVZ KL Z\
LZWLJPL PU[LNYH SH PU[LSPNLUJPH
PUZ[HUJPHZPUKP]PK\HS`JVSLJ[P]HX\L
WYV[HNVUPaHUSHJ\S[\YHLU[LUKPKH
tZ[HLUZLU[PKVWYLMLYLU[LTLU[LZ\I
QL[P]V SHZ SL[YHZ ` SHZ HY[LZ SH HS[H
J\S[\YH ` WVY SV [HU[V LS WVKLY
X\LPTWSPJHUSHWHSHIYHSHLZJYP[\YH
`LSZHILY
*HTWVPU[LSLJ[\HS`Z\ZHZV
JPHKVZ JHTWV J\S[\YHS ` JHTWV
KLS WVKLY KLZHJYHSPaHU LZL WYL
[LUKPKV WYV[HNVUPZTV HS \IPJHY
SHZM\UJPVULZPU[LSLJ[\HSJ\S[\YHS`
KLSWVKLYLUSHZYLSHJPVULZZVJPHSLZ
[LUZPVUHSLZ`JVUPJ[P]HZLUSHZX\L
ZLU[PKVKL/PURLSHTTLY[LZX\LLS
Revista Realidad 118, 2008
Z\QL[VLTWxYPJVOPZ[}YPJVPUKP]PK\HS
` JVSLJ[P]V LU LS ZLU[PKV KL 9VPN
W\LKL HYTHYZL ` Z\WLYHY SVZ LMLJ
[VZUVPU[LUJPVUHSLZKLULNHJP}UKL
LZ[H HYTHJP}U WVY SH WLYZWLJ[P]H
KL [YHZJLUKLU[HSPKHK H SHZ [V[HSPaH
JPVULZ ` WVY SV [HU[V KL [V[HSPKHK
JVUKPJP}U KL YHJPVUHSPKHK JYx[PJH
MYLU[LHSHZYHJPVUHSPKHKLZMYHNTLU
[HYPHZ`Z\ZLMLJ[VZKL[V[HSPaHJP}U
LZ[mUPU]VS\JYHKVZSVZPU[LSLJ[\HSLZ
(KLTmZKL\UJHTWVKLM\LYaHZLU
LSZLU[PKVKLSHSLNHSPKHKTLJmUPJH
KL SH MxZPJH LU SH X\L UV J\LU[H SH
KPTLUZP}UPU[LUJPVUHSKLSHHJJP}U
KL SVZ Z\QL[VZ ZL [YH[H [HTIPtU KL
\UJHTWVKLS\JOHZLUX\LJ\LU[H
SH PU[LUJPVUHSPKHK KL THULYH X\L
SH OPZ[VYPJPKHK KL SVZ Z\QL[VZ JVU
Z\Z PU[LUJPVULZ HZWPYHJPVULZ KL
ZLVZ WYV`LJ[VZ ` LZ[YH[LNPHZ WHYH
WYVJ\YHY YLHSPaHYSVZ ZL [YHK\JL
[HU[VLULMLJ[VZPU[LUJPVUHSLZJVTV
LULMLJ[VZUVPU[LUJPVUHSLZZPLUKV
tZ[VZS[PTVZSVZX\LOHJLUHSHKP
UmTPJH LZWLJxJH KLS JHTWV TmZ
HSSm KLS WYL[LUKPKV WYV[HNVUPZTV
KLSVZZ\QL[VZ
,S JHTWV J\S[\YHS LZ mTIP[V
WYP]PSLNPHKV KL JVUZ[Y\JJP}U KL
OLNLTVUxHWVYZ\JHWHJPKHKKLWV
[LUJPHY SHZ YLSHJPVULZ KL M\LYaH LU
X\L ZL M\UKH HS PU]PZPIPSPaHYSHZ [YHZ
SVZ YVWHQLZ KL SH LZWLJxJH M\LYaH
ZPTI}SPJHX\LJHYHJ[LYPaHHSHWYV
K\JJP}U`SH[YHUZTPZP}UKLSHPKLV
SVNxH KL HJ\LYKV HS WYPTLY WYPUJP
El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad 687
Revista Realidad 118, 2008
WPVKLSH[LVYxHKL7PLYYL)V\YKPL\
HJLYJH KL SH YLWYVK\JJP}U ZVJPHS!
[VKV WVKLY X\L SVNYH PTWVULY
ZPNUPJHJPVULZ L PTWVULYSHZ JVTV
SLNx[PTHZKPZPT\SHUKVSHZYLSHJPVULZ
KLM\LYaHLUX\LZLM\UKHZ\WYVWPH
M\LYaH H|HKL Z\ M\LYaH WYVWPH" LZ
KLJPYWYVWPHTLU[LZPTI}SPJHHLZHZ
YLSHJPVULZKLM\LYaH
,S JHTWV PU[LSLJ[\HS PKLU
[PJHKV JVTV JP\KHK SL[YHKH LZ
SHJP\KHKLSHHSPU[LYPVYKLSJHTWV
J\S[\YHS KL SH J\HS KPTHUHU Z\Z
VYPLU[HJPVULZ KL ZLU[PKV ZPUN\SHY
TLU[LKL[LYTPUHU[LZLUSHJVUZ[Y\J
JP}UKLOLNLTVUxH`JVUZVSPKHJP}U
KLS JHTWV KLS WVKLY H [YH]tZ KL
SHNLULYHJP}UKLKPZWVZP[P]VZKLSL
NP[PTHJP}UX\LSSLNHUHPUZ[HSHYZLLU
SHZVJPLKHKJVTVZLU[PKVJVTU
7LYV UP JHTWV J\S[\YHS UP
JHTWVPU[LSLJ[\HSUPJHTWVKLS
WVKLY ZVU \Ux]VJVZ ,U WHY[PJ\SHY
LS JHTWV PU[LSLJ[\HS LU Z\ PKLU
[PKHK KL JP\KHK SL[YHKH JVTV
JHTWVKLM\LYaHZ`KLS\JOHZLZ\U
JHTWVLUX\LZLJVUZ[Y\`LOLNLTV
UxH`WVKLYWLYV[HTIPtUJVU[YHOL
NLTVUxH`JVU[YHWVKLY8\LKHJSHYV
X\L ZP IPLU LS JHTWV PU[LSLJ[\HS
KLZKLKLU[YVKLSJHTWVJ\S[\YHS`
KLSJHTWVKLSWVKLYSVZVYPLU[H
H Z\ ]La YLJPIL KL LSSVZ KL[LYTP
UHJPVULZ X\L tS [YHK\JPYm KLZKL SH
LZWLJPJPKHK KL Z\Z JVTWL[LUJPHZ
;HTIPtUX\LKHJSHYVX\LLZ[VZ[YLZ
JHTWVZ JVUZ[P[\`LU H SH [V[HSPKHK
ZVJPHSKLX\LMVYTHUWHY[LHS[PLTWV
X\LZVUJVUZ[P[\PKVZWVYLSSH
+HKV LS TVUVWVSPV KL SH SL[YH
X\LLSJHTWVPU[LSLJ[\HSKL[LU[H
688 El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad
H SHZ YLSHJPVULZ KL M\LYaH LU X\L
ZL M\UKH H|HKL Z\ WYVWPH M\LYaH
JVUZPZ[LU[L LU SH JHWHJPKHK KL
[YHUZMVYTHY SH TLYH M\LYaH LU SLNP
[PTPKHK,USHKPUmTPJHKLSHZM\LY
aHZ`SHZS\JOHZX\LSVJVUZ[P[\`LU
W\LKLU HK]LY[PYZL VYPLU[HJPVULZ LU
LS ZLU[PKV KL YLWYVK\JJP}U KL SH
ZVJPLKHKHZxJVTVLULSZLU[PKVKL
Z\ [YHUZMVYTHJP}U! LU ZVJPLKHKLZ
WYLZPKPKHZ WVY YLSHJPVULZ KL KVTP
UHJP}UJVTVSHZ]PNLU[LZTPLU[YHZ
SHZ VYPLU[HJPVULZ YLWYVK\J[P]HZ ZL
HIVJHUHWYLZLU[HYSHM\LYaHJVTV
SLNP[PTPKHK SHZ VYPLU[HJPVULZ HS[LY
UH[P]HZ KL [YHUZMVYTHJP}U KLILU
WYVJ\YHY[YHUZMVYTHYZ\SLNP[PTPKHK
LUM\LYaH
,ZW\LZJVUZ[P[\[P]VKLSJHT
WV PU[LSLJ[\HS JVTV JHTWV KL
M\LYaHZ ` KL S\JOHZ X\L [PLUL
WYV[HNVUPZTV LU SH JVUZ[Y\JJP}U
KLYLSH[VZJYx[PJVZX\LKLZU\KLUSH
TLYH M\LYaH WVY KL[YmZ KLS THU[V
SLNP[PTHKVYVKLYLSH[VZKLSLNP[PTP
KHKX\LZL[YHK\aJHULUM\LYaHSLNP
[PTHKHLSJVUPJ[VSHPULZ[HIPSPKHK
`LSKPUHTPZTVX\LLUSHLZJLUH
PU[LSLJ[\HSZLL_WYLZHLULSKLIH[L
X\L LU[YL TS[PWSLZ YLSH[VZ WYV[H
NVUPaHUSVZYLSH[VZKLSHYLWYVK\J
JP}U`SVZKLSH[YHUZMVYTHJP}U
3H SVZVMxH UV LZJHWH H SHZ S\
JOHZKLSJHTWVPU[LSLJ[\HSX\LOH
JLUWHY[LKLSHZKLSJHTWVJ\S[\YHS
`KLSJHTWVKLSWVKLYX\LKPUHTP
aHHSHZVJPLKHKJVTV[V[HSPKHK7VY
SV[HU[VPU[LUJPVUHSVUVPU[LUJPV
UHSTLU[LUVLZJHWHHSHKPZ`\U[P]H
LU[YLYLWYVK\JJP}U`KVTPUHJP}UV
[YHUZMVYTHJP}U`LTHUJPWHJP}U
 4mZHSSmKLY}[\SVZ`THUPLZ
[VZ SH SVZVMxH X\L ZL JVUZ[Y\`L
WVY LS LQLYJPJPV KL SH PU[LSPNLUJPH
SVZ}JH KLZKL LS H WYPVYP HU[YV
WVS}NPJVJVTVHYTHJP}U`H\[V
YLJVUVJPTPLU[V KL \U UVZV[YVZ
ZVIYLLSYLMLYLU[LKLSZ\QL[VJVTV
[YHZJLUKLU[HSPKHK PUTHULU[L H
LZ[Y\J[\YHZ ZPZ[LTHZ L PUZ[P[\JPV
ULZVJ\WHLUSHZVJPLKHK\US\NHY
JYx[PJVJVUZ[Y\J[P]VX\LHWVY[HUKV
HSKPZJLYUPTPLU[VKLSVZSxTP[LZKLS
\UP]LYZHSPZTVHIZ[YHJ[V`Z\ZLMLJ[VZ
NOTAS
 Texto correspondiente a la po-
nencia presentada en el Coloquio
Crisis-Crtica-Espacio. La losofa
en el contexto actual, Facultad de
Humanidades y Ciencias de la Edu-
cacin, Universidad de la Repblica,
Montevideo, 17-20 de octubre de
2006.
1
Autores varios, La losofa actual en
Amrica Latina, Grijalbo, Mxico,
1976.
2
Ibid, pp. 9-20.
3
Ibid. P. 14.
KLKVTPUHJP}U]PNLU[LZWYVT\L]L
Revista Realidad 118, 2008
Z\ [YHUZMVYTHJP}U MYLU[L H Z\ S}
NPJH KL YLWYVK\JJP}U HWVY[HUKV
H SH JVUZ[Y\JJP}U KL JVU[YHWVKLY
` JVU[YHOLNLTVUxH H SH S\a KLS
UVWVKLYSHUVOLNLTVUxH`SHUV
KVTPUHJP}UJVTVPKLHZYLN\SHKVYHZ
`JVUKPJPVULZKLYLHSPaHJP}UKLSH
\UP]LYZHSPKHK KL SH LTHUJPWHJP}U
TPZTH
@HTHUK(JVZ[H
4VU[L]PKLVVJ[\IYLKL
4
Ibid. P. 14.
5
Ibid. P. 15.
6
Arturo Andrs Roig, Teora y crtica
del pensamiento latinoamericano,
FCE, Mxico, 1981, p. 11.
7
Franz J. Hinkelammert, Crtica a la
razn utpica, DEI, Costa Rica, 2
ed., 1990.
8
Pierre Bourdieu y Jean Claude Pas-
seron, La reproduccin, Editorial
Laia, Barcelona, 1977, p. 44.
9
ngel Rama, La ciudad letrada, Edi-
ciones del Norte, Hanover, 1984.
El (no) lugar de la losofa en la sociedad 689
690 blanca