GROUP 5: SHEILA MARIE M.

AMIGO, REE
FREDELENE P. FERNANDEZ, RN

Equations of Kinematics for Constant Acceleration and its Applications

Position relative to frame of reference (x or y)

Displacement change in position (meters) - x = x2-x1

Not distance!!

1. Distance scalar (magnitude)

2. Displacement vector (magnitude and direction)

Must give a direction - For example East/West, up/down

x
Average Speed distance per unit time (scalar)
v=
Average Velocity displacement per unit time (vector)(meters/second) t
x = displacement
t = change in time
2 v vv 0
Average Acceleration change in velocity per unit time (vector) (meters/second ) a= =
t tt 0
v is final velocity

v0 is initial velocity (or at time 0)

Sign of a indicates direction of vector

Deceleration is just negative acceleration

Motion at Constant Acceleration

The notion of acceleration emerges when a change in velocity is combined with the time during which the change occurs.
Equations of Kinematics for

We are limited to calculations when acceleration is a constant.

We will use the mathematical definition of displacement, velocity, and acceleration to derive 4 Kinematic equations.

Equations of Kinematics for Constant Acceleration

v vo at x vot 12 at 2

= x2-x1
x 1
2
vo v t v 2 vo2 2ax
Five kinematic variables:
1. displacement, x
2. acceleration (constant), a
3. final velocity (at time t), v
4. initial velocity, vo
5. elapsed time, t

SAMPLE PROBLEM 1:
A car slows down uniformly from a speed of 21.0 m/s to rest in 6.00s. How far did it travel in this time?
Given v0=21.0m/s
v=0m/s
t=6.00s
1
x=x 0 + 2 ( v + v 0 )t
1
x= 2 ( 0+21 m /s )( 6 s )=63 m
SAMPLE PROBLEM 2:

A car is behind a truck going 25m/s on the highway. The cars driver looks for an opportunity to pass, guessing that his
car can accelerate at 1.0m/s2. He gauges that he has to cover the 20 m length of the truck, plus 10 m clear room at the
rear of the truck and 10 m more at the front of it. In the oncoming lane, he sees a car approaching, probably also
traveling at 25 m/s. He estimates that the car is about 400 m away. Should he attempt to pass?

x=x 0 + v 0 t+ 12 at 2
x=12 at 2

t=
a
2x
=

t=8 . 94 s
2( 40 m)
1 m/s 2

x=vt
x=(25 m/ s)( 8. 94 )
x=223 .5 m

x vot 12 at 2
6.0 m s 8.0 s 1
2 2 .0 m s 8 .0 s
2 2

110 m