Table of Contents

1 Foundation Analysis and Design 2 - 6

2 Load on piles 7 - 9

3 Post stressing calculation 10 - 11

4 Temperature moments 12 - 12

5 Wall pressure calculations 13 - 17

6 Wall Design 18 - 21

7 Tunnel Design 22 - 23

8 Load on purlin 24 - 24

9 Load on Dome 25 - 26
 .

Clinker Silo - Foundation Analysis and Design

14. CLINKER SILO FOUNDATION DESIGN

Dead Loads ( DL)

Materail data
Concrete Density : 25 kN/m3
Raw Meal Density : 18 kN/m3 (EN 1991-4:2006)
Soil Density : 18 kN/m3
DO
Angle of repose of material fr : 47 Deg
HTW

Di
Section properties
Wall Thickness TTW 0.4 m
Silo wall height HTW 31.3 m
TBW
Effective height of material (Ref:- wall pressure calculations) 30.7 m
Inside Diameter of silo Di 26 m
Outside Diameter of silo Do 26.8 m

Roof Loads

Load from structure above tank 400 kN 400/(PI()/4 26 x 26 ) = 0.753 kN/m2

Assume Self weight of roof Girder 2.00 kN/m2
Assume S.W of equipments 5.00 kN/m2
Total load from the roof slab = 0.75 + 2 + 5 7.75 kN/m2

Dead load from roof = PI() / 4 x 26^2 x 7.75 = 4117 kN

Load from top wall = PI()/4 x(26.8^2-26^2)x25x31.3 = 25960 kN

DL = 30076 kN
Live Loads ( LL)

Live load from roof 0.75 kN/m2

Dust load on roof 1.00 kN/m2
Total load from the roof slab 1.75 kN/m2

Live load from roof = ( PI()/4 x 26.8 x 26.8 x 1.75 ) 987 kN

Volume of the Silo =PI()/4 x ( 26 x 26 x 30.7) 16300 m3
Total Material load = 16300 x 18 293391 kN
Material load that transferred through silo wall 113096 kN
LL = 294379 kN
 .

Clinker Silo - Foundation Analysis and Design

Wind Loads ( WL)

Basic Wind velocity Vb,0 = 40 m/s

Directional factor Cdir = 1
Seasonal factor Cseason = 1
Basic Wind velocity Vb = Vb x C dir x Cseason = 40 m/s

Terrain category II
Terrain factor kt = 0.19
ki = 1
Z0 = 0.050
Zmin = 2m
Air density r= 1.25 kg/m3
Roughness factor Cr (z)=0.19 x ln(z/z0)
Orthography Factor C0 (z) = 1
Mean wind Vm (z) = Cr (z) . Co (z) . Vb
Standard deviation of turbulance sv= kr Vb Ki =
. .
7.6
Turbulance Intensity Iv (z) = sv /Vm (z)
Peak velocity pressure qp (z)
qp (z) = [1+7.Iv(z)].1/2 . r.V2m(z)
Basic wind velocity Vb = 1/2 .r. Vb2

Level
Z Cr (z) Vm (z) Iv (z) qp (z) V(ze) Re
[m] [m/s] [kN/m2] [m/s]
0 0.701 28.0 0.271 1.423 47.723 8.5E+07
2 0.701 28.0 0.271 1.423 47.723 8.5E+07
5 0.875 35.0 0.217 1.929 55.560 8.5E+07
10 1.007 40.3 0.189 2.352 61.349 9.9E+07
15 1.084 43.3 0.175 2.616 64.694 1.1E+08
20 1.138 45.5 0.167 2.810 67.052 1.2E+08
25 1.181 47.2 0.161 2.965 68.873 1.2E+08
30 1.215 48.6 0.156 3.094 70.356 1.2E+08
35 1.245 49.8 0.153 3.205 71.607 1.3E+08

Wind Pressure We = qp (ze) . Cpe

Reynolds number Re = b . V(ze) / n
Diameter of silo b = 26.8 m
Height of silo l = 31.3 m
Kinatic viscosity of airn = 15.10-6 m2/s
Peak wind velocity V(ze) = (2.qp/r)0.5 m2/s
Roughness of concrete k = 0.2 mm
k/b = 7.5E-06
Re = 1.1E+08 (Considered)
Therefore amin = 75 Deg
aA = 105 Deg
Cop,min = -1.5
Cop,h = -0.8
 .

Clinker Silo - Foundation Analysis and Design

Solidity ratio j= 1
Slenderness l = 1.17
End effect factor yl = 0.64 (Ref: Fig.7.36 of EN 1991-1-4: 2005)
External pressure coefficient
Cpe = Cp,o . yl
External pressure coefficient with out free end flow
Cp,o
End effect factor yla = 1 0 <= a <= amin
= yl+(1-yl).COS (p/2*(a-amin)/aa-amin)) amin < a < aA
= yl aA <= a <= 180
Calculation of Cpe

We = qp (ze) . Cpe (kN/m2)

a Cp,o yla Cpe Z 2 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
qp 1.423 1.929 2.352 2.616 2.810 2.965 3.094 3.205
0 1.00 1.00 1.000 1.42 1.93 2.35 2.62 2.81 2.96 3.09 3.20
15 0.76 1.00 0.760 1.08 1.47 1.79 1.99 2.14 2.25 2.35 2.44
30 0.13 1.00 0.130 0.19 0.25 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.42
45 -0.63 1.00 -0.630 -0.90 -1.22 -1.48 -1.65 -1.77 -1.87 -1.95 -2.02
60 -1.26 1.00 -1.260 -1.79 -2.43 -2.96 -3.30 -3.54 -3.74 -3.90 -4.04
75 -1.50 1.00 -1.500 -2.14 -2.89 -3.53 -3.92 -4.21 -4.45 -4.64 -4.81
90 -1.29 0.89 -1.154 -1.64 -2.23 -2.71 -3.02 -3.24 -3.42 -3.57 -3.70
105 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
120 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
135 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
150 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
165 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
180 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
195 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
210 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
225 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
240 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
255 -0.80 0.64 -0.512 -0.73 -0.99 -1.20 -1.34 -1.44 -1.52 -1.58 -1.64
270 -1.29 1.00 -1.154 -1.64 -2.23 -2.71 -3.02 -3.24 -3.42 -3.57 -3.70
285 -1.50 1.00 -1.500 -2.14 -2.89 -3.53 -3.92 -4.21 -4.45 -4.64 -4.81
300 -1.26 1.00 -1.260 -1.79 -2.43 -2.96 -3.30 -3.54 -3.74 -3.90 -4.04
315 -0.63 1.00 -0.630 -0.90 -1.22 -1.48 -1.65 -1.77 -1.87 -1.95 -2.02
330 0.13 1.00 0.130 0.19 0.25 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.39 0.40 0.42
345 0.76 1.00 0.760 1.08 1.47 1.79 1.99 2.14 2.25 2.35 2.44

Wind analysis results (STAAD Modal Analysis)

Total Horizonatal wind load = 989 kN

Moment due to wind = 17055 kN-m
 .

Clinker Silo - Foundation Analysis and Design

Earthquake Loads ( EQ) (Ref:- Cdigo Ssmico de Costa Rica 2002)

Classification criteria
Seismic zone III
Importance factor of structure Group C
catogory of site S3

Earthquake parameters
Accelration coefficient aef = 0.36 (For zone III & S3 type soil)
Elastic fundamental period of vibration T= 3.0371 CPS (From STAAD)
= 1/3.0371
= 0.33
Importance factor I = 1.0
m= 3 (From Table 4.3)

FED = 0.8 (From figure 5.7)

SR = 1 (From Table 4.1)
Seismic coefficient C = aef . I . FED/SR
= 0.240
Percentage of Live load b = 80%
Total weight of the structure W = 266566 kN
Total seismic load V = C x W 63976 kN
(From STAAD Analysis Base shear = 18038 kN)

DL+ 0.8 LL
Dead loads live loads hi wi hi V wi hi Fi hi
wi hi
Roof loads 4117 987 31.30 159745.396 2444 76509

Materail load - 235503 15.35 3614969.65 55315 849085

Wall load 25960 - 15.65 406267.872 6217 97289

(From STAAD Analysis

30076 236490 wihi 4180983 Fihi 1022883 base Moment = 279595
kN-m)

Top of Pile cap below ground level 0 m

Thickness of pile cap (Assumed) 1.50 m (Same as existing silo)
Capacity of each pile 7590 kN
Ultimate capacity of each pile 11385 kN ( 1.5 x 7590 )
Size of pile 1.2 m
Effective area of each pile 7.7942 m2 =(1/2) x 6 x 1.5 x 1.5 x (2/SQRT(3))
No of provided piles 74 Nos.
To accombidate the required 74 piles provided
dia of circular foundation = 28 m
Provided area 616 m2 = ( PI()/4 x 28 ^ 2 )
Section modulus of foundation Zxx 2155 m3 = (28 ^ 3 x PI()/32)
Self weight of foundation 23091 kN = 616 x ( 25 x 1.5 + 0 x 18 )
Total vertical load 347545 kN =( 30076 + 294379 + 23091 )
 .

Clinker Silo - Foundation Analysis and Design

Actual
St equivalent SBC 1368 kN/m2 ( 74 x 11385 / 616 )
e
el
Actual pressure on foundation (1.35DL+1.5LL) 833.68 kN/m2 < 1368 kN/m2
IV
S Hence Safe
(ri
Actual pressure on foundation (1.35DL+1.5LL+1.5WL) 845.56 kN/m2 < 1368 kN/m2
b Hence Safe
b
Actual
e pressure on foundation (1.35DL+0.8LL+1EQ) 973.66 kN/m2 < 1368 kN/m2
d Hence Safe
st
FOUNDATION DESIGN
e
el
Maximum moment in the slab
b 868.8 kN-m/m ( 1.5 x 362 x 4. x 4. / 10)
ar
/
Foundation/pile
w cap thickness 1.50 m (Refer page 22 for tunnel slab design)
Cover
el 0.05 m
d
a
Concrete grade C20/25 fcu = 25 N/mm2
bl
e) fy = 415 N/mm2
k = Mu/fu bd2 = 0.0165 (Ref: BS 8110-1:1997)
z = [d (0.5 + (0.25-k/0.9)0.5)] = 1423 mm
0.95 d = 1377.5 mm
Ast = M/(0.95 fy z) = 1600 mm2 /m
Min Ast = 0.13 % = 1885 mm2 /m

Provide D- 25 bars at spacing of 250 mm c/c

Check for punching shear (for piles at distance d/2)

Ultimate shear = 8250 kN = 1.5 x 5500
Punching perimeter = 5.969 m =PI() x (1.2 + 1.5/2 - 0.05 )
Allowable shear stress 0.8 fy0.5 = 4.0 N/mm2
Shear stress= 0.9532 N/mm2 = 8250 /( 5.97 x ( 1.5 - 0.05) ) / 1000
Hence safe.

Provide D-25 dia bars at 250 mm c/c as top & bottom reinforcement in both directions.
 .

Clinker Silo - Temperature moments

Temperature Stresses

Max. material temperature = 170 C

0

Concrete grade (fcj) 35 N/sq.mm

Modulus of Elasticity = 301533 Kg/sq.cm
Min. outside temperature = 10 C
0

Thickness of wall (t) = 0.5 m

Coefficient of thermal expansion of concrete (a) = 1.1E-05 /0C cm
Poisson's ratio (n) = 0.2

Case 1 : Material in contact with wall

Silo wall inner surface temperature (50% of Max temperature) Ti = 85 C

0

Silo wall outer surface temperature (min out side temperature)) To = 10 C

0

Surface conductance of concrete to air Ca = 10 kcal/m2h0C

Thermal conductivity of reinforced concrete Cc = 1.7
Surface conductance of concrete to stored material Cs = 10.0
1/K = 1/Ca + t/Cc +1/Cs = 0.494
DT = t/Cc (Ti-To) 1/k = 44.6 C
0

MDT = a DT Ec I/t / (1-n) = 38.561 T-m/m

Case 2 : Wall above material

Silo wall inner surface temperature (80% of Max temperature) Ti = 136 C

0

Silo wall outer surface temperature (min out side temperature)) To = 10 C

0

Surface conductance of concrete to air Ca = 10

Thermal conductivity of reinforced concrete Cc = 1.7
Surface conductance of concrete to stored material Cs = 10.0
1/K = 1/Ca + t/Cc +1/Cs = 0.494
DT = t/Cc (Ti-To) 1/k = 75.0 0
C
MDT = a DT Ec I/t / (1-n) = 64.783 T-m/m
 .

Clinker Silo - Wall pressure calculations

LOAD CALCULATIONS

Design parameters (Note:- Notations are followed as per EN 1991-4:2006)

Internal Diameter of silo ( dc ) 40 m

Height of compacted soil layer 3.5 m
Stored material Clinker
Internal friction angle of Material ( fi ) 33 Deg. (Ref:- Table E1 of EN 1991-4:2006 )
Unit Weight of material ( g ) ### kN/m3
Angle of repose of material ( fr ) ### Deg.
Height of top cone 14 m
Value z at the highest solid-wall contact h o = (r/3) tan( fr) 4.668 m
Height of material portion in the silo 14.5 m
Effective storage height ( hc ) 19.2 m
Plan area of silo (A) 1256.64 mm2
Internal perimeter of the silo (U) 125.664 m
Capacity of silo 30000 MT
Overall height ( hb ) 22.67 m
Assumed thickness of silo ( t) 0.5 m

Limit of applicability of EN 1991-4:2006

hb/dc 0.6 < ###

hb 22.67 < 100
dc 40 < ### (Ref:- Cl. 1.1.2(3) of EN 1991-4:2006 )

Classification of silo

Eccentricity of the outlet opening ( e o ) 9 m

eo/dc 0.225
Silo with capacity in excess of 10,000 tonnes
Action Assessment Class 3 (Ref:- Table 2.1 of EN 1991-4:2006 )
hc/dc 0.4 < 0.479 1 Squat Silo (Ref:- Cl. 5.1 (2) of EN 1991-4:2006 )
dc/t 80 < 200 Thick walled Silo (Ref:- Cl. 1.5.43 of EN 1991-4:2006 )

Properties of Filling Material (Clinker) (Ref:- Table E1 of EN 1991-4:2006 )

Wall surface category considered D3 (Ref:- Table 4.1 of EN 1991-4:2006 )

Modification coefficient for lateral pressure ratio ( a k ) 1.31
Modification coefficient for wall friction coefficient ( a ) 1.07
Mean value of lateral pressure ratio ( k m ) 0.38
Mean value of wall friction coefficient ( m ) 0.62
Modification coefficient for internal angle friction ( a ) 1.2
Mean value of internal angle friction ( m) 40

Properties Lateral Pressure Ratio (K) Friction Coeff. () Angle of Internal friction ()
a k X Km a X m a X m
Upper
0.50 0.66 48.00
Km / a k m / a m / a
Lower
0.29 0.58 33.33
 .

Clinker Silo - Wall pressure calculations

The values of properties to be used for different wall loading assessments (Ref:- Table 3.1 of EN 1991-4:2006 )

wall friction Lateral pressure Angel of internal

Purpose coefficient () ratio (k) friction ()
For vertical walls
Max.normal pressure on vertical wall Lower Upper Lower
Max.frictional traction on vertical wall Upper Upper Lower

Filling Loads on Vertical Wall (Ref:- Cl. 5.3.1.1 of EN 1991-4:2006 )

Uniform horizontal Pressure during filling Phf = Pho. YR

Frictinal traction during filling Pwf = m . Phf
Vertical Pressure during filling Pvf = g . zV
Resulting vertical force in the wall nzSk = m pho [z zV]
pho = g K zo
zo = 1/(K.m) . (A/U)
YR = 1 - {[(z-ho)/(zo-ho)]+1}n
ho = r/3.Tan r = 4.668 m
n = -(1+Tan r)(1-(ho/zo)) = -1.47128
Zv = [ho-[1/(n+1)]{(zo-ho-[(z+zo-2ho)n+1/(zo-ho)n]}]
Where,
g is the characteritc value of the unit weight
is the characteristic value of the wall friction coefficient for solid sliding on the vertical wall
K is the characteristic value of the lateral pressure ratio
Z is the depth below the equvalent surface of the solid
A is the plan cross-sectional area of the silo
U is the internal perimeter of the plan cross-section of the silo
Z0 Janssen characteristic depth
ho is the value of z at the highest solid

DISCHARGE LOADS ON VERTICAL WALLS :

Symmetrical discharge load :

For squat silo (hc/dc 1.0), the symmetrical discharge loads may be taken as identical to the filling loads.

DISCHARGE PATCH LOAD : (Ref:- Cl. 5.3.2.2 (3) of EN 1991-4:2006 )

Eccentricity of the outlet opening(e o) 9 m
Critical value of eccentricity(eocr = 0.1 x dc) 4 m < 9 m
As eo exceeds eocr, the patch pressure is considered
 .

Clinker Silo - Wall pressure calculations

Additional pressures for patch load (Ref:- Cl. 5.2.2 of EN 1991-4:2006 )

hc / d c 0.479 (Ref:- Cl. 5.1 (2) of EN 1991-4:2006 )

hc/dc = < 1.2, maximum of following
Cpe = 0.272 Cop {(hc/dc) -1 + E } =
-0.01
Cpe = 0
Cpe = 0.42 Cop [1+2E2] (1-exp{-1.5[(hc/dc)-1]})
= -0.49

The larger of ef and eo (e) 9 m

Flow channel eccentricity to silo radius ratio (E) = ( 2 x e / dc) 0.45
Patch load solid reference factor (Cop) 0.7 (Ref:- Table E1 of EN 1991-4:2006 )
Discharge patch load factor (Cpe) 0
Janssen characteristic depth (Z0) 34.67 m (1256.6/( 0.5 x 0.58 x 125.7))

Calculation of the pressures for flow channel radius of 'r c' with k factors 0.25, 0.4 and 0.6 respectively.

Factor (k) 0.25 0.4 0.6 Units

Silo internal radius ( r ) 20 20 20 m
Radius of flow channel (rc = k x r) 5 8 12 m
Ratio flow channel radius to internal radius of silo G = (r c / r) 0.25 0.4 0.6
Upper characteristics angle of internal friction material ( ) 48 48 48 Deg.
Lower characteristics value of ( ) 0.579 0.579 0.579
Upper characteristics lateral pressure ratio (k) 0.498 0.498 0.498
= / tan 0.522 0.522 0.522 (Ref: eq 5.57)
Flow channel eccentricity (ec) = r( (1-G)+(1-)1-G) 16.11 13.67 10.22 m (Ref: eq 5.55)
COS C = (r2 + ec2 - rc2) / (2 r ec) 0.985 0.956 0.882 (Ref: eq 5.58)
C 10 17 28.16 Deg.
C 0.175 0.297 0.492 Rad.
sin = (r / rc x sin C ) 0.697 0.732 0.787
44.21 47 51.88 Deg.
0.772 0.821 0.905 Rad.
Contact arc length between flow channel and wall 7.009 11.88 19.66 m
(Uwc = 2 x C x r ) (Ref: eq 5.59)
Contact arc length between the flow channel and static 23.7 37.11 53.63 m
solid (Usc = 2 x rc ( - ) (Ref: eq 5.60)
Cross sectional area of flow channel 73.13 187 422 m2
(Ac) =((-) rC2 + Cr2 - r rc sin (-C)) (Ref: eq 5.62)

Janssen characteristic depth for flow channel under

eccentric discharge (Zoc) = 4.835 7.819 11.94 m
1/k(Ac / (Uwc x + Usc tan )) (Ref: eq 5.66)
Asymptotic horizontal pressure at great depth in flow
channel during eccentric discharge (P hco) 38.51 62.28 95.13 kN/m2
= (g x k x Zoc) (Ref: eq 5.65)
Asymptotic horizontal pressure at great depth due to 276 276 276 kN/m2
stored particulate solid (Pho) = ( g x k x Zo)

CALCULATION OF HORIZONTAL PRESSURES ON SHELL WALL :

The pressure on the vertical wall in the flowing zone (P hce) = Phco ( 1 - e -z/zoc )
The pressure on the vertical wall far from the flowing zone (P hse) = Phf
A higher pressure in the static zone near to the flowing channel (P hae) = 2 x Phf - Phce
 .
Clinkerl Silo - Wall pressure calculations

K = 0.25 K = 0.4 K = 0.6

Depth Pressure on Pressure on High pressure Pressure on High pressure Pressure on High pressure Discharge out
from the wall far from wall in falling on wall at static wall in falling on wall at static wall in falling on wall at static Symmetrical ward patch
silo top falling zone zone zone zone zone zone zone discharge loads pressure
(m) (kN/m2) (kN/m ) 2
(kN/m ) 2
(kN/m ) 2
(kN/m ) 2
(kN/m ) 2
(kN/m ) 2
(kN/m )2
(kN/m2)
Z (Phse = Phf) Phce Phae Phce Phae Phce Phae Phe Ppe
1 -58.41 7.20 -124.01 7.48 -124.29 7.64 -124.45 #REF! #REF!
2 -40.55 13.05 -94.15 14.06 -95.16 14.67 -95.78 #REF! #REF!
3 -24.25 17.80 -66.30 19.84 -68.34 21.13 -69.62 #REF! #REF!
4 -9.30 21.67 -40.28 24.94 -43.54 27.07 -45.68 #REF! #REF!
5 4.43 24.82 -15.95 29.42 -20.55 32.54 -23.67 #REF! #REF!
6 17.10 27.38 6.81 33.37 0.83 37.57 -3.37 #REF! #REF!
7 28.80 29.46 28.14 36.84 20.76 42.19 15.40 #REF! #REF!
8 39.64 31.15 48.12 39.89 39.38 46.44 32.83 #REF! #REF!
9 49.70 32.52 66.88 42.58 56.82 50.35 49.05 #REF! #REF!
10 59.07 33.64 84.49 44.94 73.19 53.95 64.18 #REF! #REF!
11 67.80 34.55 101.05 47.03 88.57 57.26 78.34 #REF! #REF!
12 75.96 35.29 116.62 48.86 103.06 60.30 91.62 #REF! #REF!
13 83.59 35.89 131.29 50.47 116.72 63.10 104.09 #REF! #REF!
14 90.75 36.38 145.12 51.89 129.62 65.67 115.83 #REF! #REF!
15 97.47 36.78 158.17 53.13 141.81 68.04 126.91 #REF! #REF!
16 103.80 37.10 170.49 54.23 153.36 70.21 137.38 #REF! #REF!
17 109.75 37.37 182.14 55.20 164.31 72.21 147.29 #REF! #REF!
18 115.37 37.58 193.16 56.05 174.69 74.05 156.69 #REF! #REF!
19 120.68 37.76 203.60 56.80 184.56 75.75 165.61 #REF! #REF!
20 125.70 37.90 213.50 57.46 193.94 77.30 174.09 #REF! #REF!
21 130.45 38.01 222.89 58.03 202.86 78.74 182.16 #REF! #REF!
22 134.95 38.11 231.80 58.54 211.37 80.05 189.86 #REF! #REF!
23 139.23 38.18 240.28 58.99 219.47 81.26 197.20 #REF! #REF!
24 143.29 38.24 248.35 59.39 227.20 82.38 204.21 #REF! #REF!
25 147.16 38.29 256.03 59.73 234.58 83.40 210.92 #REF! #REF!
26 150.84 38.33 263.34 60.04 241.64 84.35 217.33 #REF! #REF!
27 154.35 38.37 270.32 60.31 248.38 85.21 223.48 #REF! #REF!
28 157.69 38.39 276.99 60.55 254.83 86.01 229.37 #REF! #REF!
29 160.88 38.42 283.35 60.75 261.01 86.74 235.02 #REF! #REF!
30 163.93 38.43 289.43 60.94 266.93 87.42 240.45 #REF! #REF!
31 166.85 38.45 295.26 61.10 272.61 88.04 245.67 #REF! #REF!
 .

Note: Negative sign indicates that the material is not in contact with wall
 Pressures on the vertical wall
Lower characteristics value of ( ) = 0.58
Upper characteristics lateral pressure ratio (k) = 0.5
Upper characteristics value of ( ) = 0.66
Upper characteristics lateral pressure ratio (k) = 0.5
Unit Weight of material ( g ) = 16
z is the depth below the equivalent surface of the solid = 19
Janssen characteristic depth zo =1/(K m) * (A/U) = 34.669
Janssen characteristic depth zo =1/(K m) * (A/U) = 30.281
pho = g K zo = 276.13
} for normal pressures on the vertical wall
} for friction traction on the vertical wall
kN/m3
m
m for normal pressures
m for friction traction
kN/m 2

ho = r/3.Tan r = 4.668 m
n = -(1+Tan r)(1-(ho/zo)) = -1.471 for normal pressures
n = -(1+Tan r)(1-(ho/zo)) = -1.438 for friction traction
YR = (1-{((z-ho)/(zo-ho))+1}n) = 0.437
zv = [ho-[1/(n+1)]{(zo-ho-[(z+zo-2ho)n+1/(zo-ho)n]}] = 15.369

Horizontal pressure phf = pho YR = 120.68 kN/m2

Friction traction pwf = phf = 80.058 kN/m2
Vertical pressure on the wall pvf = zv = 245.9 kN/m2
nzSk = m pho [z zV] (Maximum vertical load on wall) = 581 kN/m

Filling loads Discharge loads

Depth Horizontal Maximu Horizontal Maximu
from the Frictiona m Frictiona m ZV for
pressure pressure Vertical
top of l traction Vertical vertical l traction vertical
on the on the pressure different
the tank pressure pressure load on pressure load on
vertical vertical on wall depths
(m) on wall (kN/m2) wall on wall wall
wall wall (kN/m2)
(kN/m2) (kN/m) (kN/m2) (kN/m)
(kN/m2) (kN/m2)
Z phf pwf pvf nzSk phe pwe pve nzSk ZV
4.668 0 0 74.689 0 0 0 74.689 0 4.668
5.168 6.633 4.401 82.591 0.967 6.633 4.401 82.591 0.967 5.162
6.168 19.126 12.688 97.840 8.478 19.126 12.688 97.840 8.478 6.115
7.168 30.675 20.350 112.393 22.950 30.675 20.350 112.393 22.950 7.025
8.168 41.379 27.451 126.302 43.864 41.379 27.451 126.302 43.864 7.894
9.168 51.321 34.047 139.612 70.756 51.321 34.047 139.612 70.756 8.726
10.168 60.576 40.186 152.367 103.207 60.576 40.186 152.367 103.207 9.523
11.168 69.208 45.913 164.604 140.836 69.208 45.913 164.604 140.836 10.288
12.168 77.275 51.264 176.358 183.302 77.275 51.264 176.358 183.302 11.022
13.168 84.828 56.275 187.659 230.290 84.828 56.275 187.659 230.290 11.729
14.168 91.910 60.973 198.536 281.516 91.910 60.973 198.536 281.516 12.409
15.168 98.563 65.387 209.016 336.720 98.563 65.387 209.016 336.720 13.064
16.168 104.823 69.539 219.122 395.663 104.823 69.539 219.122 395.663 13.695
17.168 110.720 73.452 228.875 458.126 110.720 73.452 228.875 458.126 14.305
18.168 116.284 77.143 238.297 523.909 116.284 77.143 238.297 523.909 14.894
19.168 121.541 80.630 247.405 592.826 121.541 80.630 247.405 592.826 15.463

Page 13
 Pressures on the vertical wall
Pressure on central shaft
Horizontal
Depth Frictiona
pressure
from the l traction
on the
top of pressure
vertical
the tank on wall
wall
(m) (kN/m2)
(kN/m2)
0.5 3.9824 2.641924
1.5 11.9472 7.925772
2.5 19.912 13.20962
3.5 27.8768 18.49347
4.5 35.8416 23.77732
5.5 43.8064 29.06117
6.5 51.7712 34.34501
7.5 59.736 39.62886
8.5 67.7008 44.91271
9.5 75.6656 50.19656
10.5 83.6304 55.48041
11.5 91.5952 60.76426
12.5 99.56 66.0481
13.5 107.5248 71.33195
14.5 115.4896 76.6158
15.5 123.4544 81.89965
16.5 131.4192 87.1835
17.5 139.384 92.46735
18.5 147.3488 97.75119
19.5 155.3136 103.035
20.5 163.2784 108.3189
21.5 171.2432 113.6027
22.5 179.208 118.8866
23.5 187.1728 124.1704
24.5 195.1376 129.4543
25.5 203.1024 134.7381
26.5 211.0672 140.022
27.5 219.032 145.3058
28.5 226.9968 150.5897
29.5 234.9616 155.8735
30.5 242.9264 161.1574

Page 14
 Staad & Manual Report

Diameter of clinker tank = 40 m

Compressive strength of the concrete = 35 N/mm2
Characteristic strength of steel = 500 N/mm2
Permissible stress in steel = 275 N/mm2
Thickness of vertical wall = 500 mm
Diameter of reinforcing bar = 20 mm
Temperature stress moment = 38.561015421 T-m wall in contact with material
Temperature stress moment = 64.782505907 T-m wall above material
Area of steel due to temperature = 3266.2677345 mm2 wall in contact with material
Area of steel due to temperature = 5487.329794 mm2 wall above material

Staad Report

Membrane Reinforcement Total Spacing Spacing Diameter of

Depth (Z) Governing Reinforcement due to reinforcement required (mm) provided (mm) bars (mm)
from top of load case, for Stress SX from Tension in the due to tension
the wall (m) Hoop wall (T) in N temperature required
Staad (mm2) (mm2) (mm2)
Provided in 2 layers
1.135 4 0.000 0.00 0.00 5487.33 5487.33 146.564 140 32
2.135 4 0.114 56936.00 207.04 5487.33 5590.85 143.851 140 32
2.635 4 0.348 174160.50 633.31 5487.33 5803.99 138.568 130 32
3.135 4 0.519 259298.50 942.90 3266.27 3737.72 215.171 130 32
4.135 4 0.794 397144.00 1444.16 3266.27 3988.35 201.649 130 32
5.135 4 1.187 593585.00 2158.49 3266.27 4345.51 185.075 130 32
6.135 4 0.596 297950.00 1083.45 3266.27 3808.00 211.200 130 32
7.135 4 2.007 1003390.00 3648.69 3266.27 5090.61 157.986 130 32
8.135 4 2.411 1205655.00 4384.20 3266.27 5458.37 147.342 130 32
9.135 4 2.805 1402395.00 5099.62 3266.27 5816.08 138.280 120 32
10.135 4 3.182 1591105.00 5785.84 3266.27 6159.19 130.577 120 32
11.135 4 3.533 1766340.00 6423.05 3266.27 6477.80 124.155 100 32
12.135 4 3.833 1916515.00 6969.15 3266.27 6750.84 119.133 100 32
13.135 4 4.042 2021190.00 7349.78 3266.27 6941.16 115.866 100 32
14.135 4 4.101 2050365.00 7455.87 3266.27 6994.20 114.988 100 32
15.135 4 3.936 1968165.00 7156.96 3266.27 6844.75 117.498 100 32
16.135 4 3.489 1744615.00 6344.05 3266.27 6438.30 124.916 100 32
17.135 4 2.759 1379565.00 5016.60 3266.27 5774.57 139.274 100 32
18.135 4 1.878 939215.00 3415.33 0.00 1707.66 183.970 175 20
19.135 4 1.073 536260.00 1950.04 0.00 975.02 322.209 175 20
20.135 4 0.492 246197.00 895.26 0.00 447.63 701.827 175 20
20.635 4 0.217 108606.00 394.93 0.00 197.47 1590.958 175 20

Manual Report

Reinforcement Total Spacing Spacing Diameter of

Depth (Z) Reinforcemen
from top of Tension in the t due to due to reinforcement required (mm) provided (mm) bars (mm)
wall (T) in N temperature required
the wall (m) tension (mm )
2
(mm2) (mm2)
Provided in 2 layers
1.135 0.00 0.000 5487.330 5487.330 146.564 140 32
2.135 0.00 0.000 5487.330 5487.330 146.564 140 32
2.635 0.00 0.000 5487.330 5487.330 146.564 130 32
3.135 132669.12 482.433 3266.268 3507.484 229.295 130 32
4.135 382518.75 1390.977 3266.268 3961.756 203.003 130 32
5.135 613509.56 2230.944 3266.268 4381.740 183.545 130 32
6.135 827581.70 3009.388 3266.268 4770.962 168.571 130 32
7.135 1026425.64 3732.457 3266.268 5132.496 156.697 130 32
8.135 1211520.38 4405.529 3266.268 5469.032 147.055 130 32
9.135 1384164.92 5033.327 3266.268 5782.931 139.073 120 32
10.135 1545504.39 5620.016 3266.268 6076.276 132.359 120 32
11.135 1696551.76 6169.279 3266.268 6350.907 126.635 100 32
12.135 1838206.00 6684.385 3266.268 6608.460 121.700 100 32
13.135 1971267.46 7168.245 3266.268 6850.390 117.402 100 32
14.135 2096450.73 7623.457 3266.268 7077.996 113.626 100 32
15.135 2214395.68 8052.348 3266.268 7292.442 110.285 100 32
16.135 2325676.73 8457.006 3266.268 7494.771 107.308 100 32
17.135 2430810.91 8839.312 3266.268 7685.924 104.639 100 32
18.135 120000.00 436.364 0.000 218.182 921.534 100 16
19.135 240000.00 872.727 0.000 436.364 460.767 200 16
20.135 360000.00 1309.091 0.000 654.545 307.178 200 16
20.635 420000.00 1527.273 0.000 763.636 263.295 200 16

Page 15
Staad & Manual Report

Page 16
 TUNNEL DESIGN
Top wall design
Breadth (B) = 0.25 m Fy = 500 N/mm2 Fck = 35 N/mm2
Depth (D) = 0.8 m st 275 N/mm2 cbc 11.667 N/mm2
Modular ratio (m) = 8 K = 0.2534 J = 0.9155
Diameter of bar = 25 mm Effective depth (d) = 747.5 mm
Dia. of dist. Bar = 16 mm
Mx = -55.76 Kn-m/m Sx = 0 N/mm2 Y
196 Kn-m/m Sy = 0 N/mm2
My = -7.052 Kn-m/m Sqx = -0.4684 N/mm 2
X
0.523 Kn-m/m 0.4684
Mxy = -3.3782 Kn-m/m Sqy = 0 N/mm2
3.7818 Kn-m/m 0
Equivalent moments
Mex = -64.106092 Kn-m/m Mey = -15.398082 Kn-m/m
205.343271 Kn-m/m 9.86629859 Kn-m/m
Reinforcement Calculation
Minimum Ast = 260 mm2 (0.13% B*D)
Ast due to equivalent moments
Ast-x, main = 1091.09213 mm2 Ast-y, main = 81.8177567 mm2
Ast-x, dis = 340.627924 mm2 Ast-y, dis = 260 mm2
Ast due to Hoop Tension
Ast-x = 0 mm2 Distribution will compensate this Ast
This is to provided in each face
Ast-y = 0 mm2 Distribution will compensate this Ast
Final Reinforcement
Ast-x, main = 1091.09213 mm 2 Ast-y, main = 260 mm2

Ast-x, dis = 340.627924 mm2 Ast-y, dis = 260 mm2

Required spacing of main bars in x- Direction = 112.47 mm Provided spacing = 100 mm
Required spacing of dist. Bars in x- Direction = 147.57 mm Provided spacing = 125 mm
Required spacing of main bars in y- Direction = 471.99 mm Provided spacing = 150 mm
Required spacing of dist. Bars in y- Direction = 193.33 mm Provided spacing = 150 mm
Ast-x, main-pro = 1227.18463 mm 2 Ast-y, main-pro = 818.123087 mm2

Ast-x, dis-pro = 402.12386 mm 2 Ast-y, dis-pro = 335.103216 mm2

% of steel provided in x-direction = 0.6567 %

% of steel provided in y-direction = 0.4378 %
Tc-x = 0.55 N/mm2 safe in shear
Tc-y = 0.5 N/mm2 safe in shear

Left wall design

Breadth (B) = 0.25 m Fy = 500 N/mm2 Fck = 35 N/mm2
Depth (D) = 0.8 m st 275 N/mm2 cbc 11.667 N/mm2
Modular ratio (m) = 8 K = 0.2534 J = 0.9155
Diameter of bar = 25 mm Effective depth (d) = 747.5 mm
Dia. of dist. Bar = 12 mm
Mx = -14.091 Kn-m/m Sx = 0 N/mm2 Y
0 Kn-m/m Sy = 0 N/mm2
My = -119.37 Kn-m/m Sqx = 0 N/mm 2
X
0 Kn-m/m 0
Mxy = -4.99 Kn-m/m Sqy = 0 N/mm2
4.99 Kn-m/m 0
Equivalent moments
Mex = -26.419235 Kn-m/m Mey = -131.69824 Kn-m/m
12.3282353 Kn-m/m 12.3282353 Kn-m/m
Reinforcement Calculation
Minimum Ast = 800 mm2 (0.4% B*D)
Ast due to equivalent moments
Ast-x, main = 140.378691 mm2 Ast-y, main = 699.778995 mm2
Ast-x, dis = 260 mm2 Ast-y, dis = 260 mm2
Ast due to Hoop Tension
Ast-x = 0 mm2 Distribution will compensate this Ast
This is to provided in each face
Ast-y = 0 mm2 Distribution will compensate this Ast
Final Reinforcement
Ast-x, main = 800 mm2 Ast-y, main = 800 mm2
Ast-x, dis = 260 mm2 Ast-y, dis = 260 mm2
Required spacing of main bars in x- Direction = 153.4 mm Provided spacing = 150 mm
Required spacing of dist. Bars in x- Direction = 108.75 mm Provided spacing = 100 mm
Required spacing of main bars in y- Direction = 153.4 mm Provided spacing = 150 mm
Required spacing of dist. Bars in y- Direction = 108.75 mm Provided spacing = 100 mm
Ast-x, main-pro = 818.123087 mm 2 Ast-y, main-pro = 818.123087 mm2

Ast-x, dis-pro = 282.743339 mm 2 Ast-y, dis-pro = 282.743339 mm2

% of steel provided in x-direction = 0.4378 %

% of steel provided in y-direction = 0.4378 %
Tc-x = 0.5 N/mm2 safe in shear
Tc-y = 0.5 N/mm2 safe in shear

Page 17
 TUNNEL DESIGN

Right wall design

Breadth (B) = 0.25 m Fy = 500 N/mm2 Fck = 35 N/mm2
Depth (D) = 0.8 m st 275 N/mm2 cbc 11.667 N/mm2
Modular ratio (m) = 8 K = 0.2534 J = 0.9155
Diameter of bar = 25 mm Effective depth (d) = 747.5 mm
Dia. of dist. Bar = 12 mm
Mx = 0 Kn-m/m Sx = 0 N/mm2 Y
14.091 Kn-m/m Sy = 0 N/mm2
My = 0 Kn-m/m Sqx = 0 N/mm 2
X
119.37 Kn-m/m 0
Mxy = -4.99 Kn-m/m Sqy = 0 N/mm2
4.99 Kn-m/m 0
Equivalent moments
Mex = -12.328235 Kn-m/m Mey = -12.328235 Kn-m/m
26.4193353 Kn-m/m 131.698235 Kn-m/m
Reinforcement Calculation
Minimum Ast = 800 mm2 (0.4% B*D)
Ast due to equivalent moments
Ast-x, main = 140.379223 mm2 Ast-y, main = 699.778995 mm2
Ast-x, dis = 260 mm2 Ast-y, dis = 260 mm2
Ast due to Hoop Tension
Ast-x = 0 mm2 Distribution will compensate this Ast
This is to provided in each face
Ast-y = 0 mm2 Distribution will compensate this Ast
Final Reinforcement
Ast-x, main = 800 mm2 Ast-y, main = 800 mm2
Ast-x, dis = 260 mm2 Ast-y, dis = 260 mm2
Required spacing of main bars in x- Direction = 153.4 mm Provided spacing = 150 mm
Required spacing of dist. Bars in x- Direction = 108.75 mm Provided spacing = 100 mm
Required spacing of main bars in y- Direction = 153.4 mm Provided spacing = 150 mm
Required spacing of dist. Bars in y- Direction = 108.75 mm Provided spacing = 100 mm
Ast-x, main-pro = 818.123087 mm 2 Ast-y, main-pro = 818.123087 mm2

Ast-x, dis-pro = 282.743339 mm2 Ast-y, dis-pro = 282.743339 mm2

% of steel provided in x-direction = 0.4378 %
% of steel provided in y-direction = 0.4378 %
Tc-x = 0.5 N/mm2 safe in shear
Tc-y = 0.5 N/mm2 safe in shear

Bottom slab design

Breadth (B) = 0.25 m Fy = 500 N/mm2 Fck = 35 N/mm2
Depth (D) = 0.8 m st 275 N/mm2 cbc 11.667 N/mm2
Modular ratio (m) = 8 K = 0.2534 J = 0.9155
Diameter of bar = 25 mm Effective depth (d) = 747.5 mm
Dia. of dist. Bar = 16 mm
Mx = -216.14 Kn-m/m Sx = 0 N/mm2 Y
69.19 Kn-m/m Sy = 0 N/mm2
My = -0.594 Kn-m/m Sqx = -0.538 N/mm2 X
6.8804 Kn-m/m 0.538
Mxy = -3.4964 Kn-m/m Sqy = 0 N/mm2
3.4964 Kn-m/m 0
Equivalent moments
Mex = -224.77614 Kn-m/m Mey = -9.232116 Kn-m/m
77.82854 Kn-m/m 15.51858 Kn-m/m
Reinforcement Calculation
Minimum Ast = 260 mm2 (0.13% B*D)
Ast due to equivalent moments
Ast-x, main = 1194.34874 mm2 Ast-y, main = 82.4580245 mm2
Ast-x, dis = 413.542196 mm2 Ast-y, dis = 260 mm2
Ast due to Hoop Tension
Ast-x = 0 mm2 Distribution will compensate this Ast
This is to provided in each face
Ast-y = 0 mm2 Distribution will compensate this Ast
Final Reinforcement
Ast-x, main = 1194.34874 mm2 Ast-y, main = 260 mm2
Ast-x, dis = 413.542196 mm2 Ast-y, dis = 260 mm2
Required spacing of main bars in x- Direction = 102.75 mm Provided spacing = 100 mm
Required spacing of dist. Bars in x- Direction = 121.55 mm Provided spacing = 100 mm
Required spacing of main bars in y- Direction = 471.99 mm Provided spacing = 150 mm
Required spacing of dist. Bars in y- Direction = 193.33 mm Provided spacing = 150 mm
Ast-x, main-pro = 1227.18463 mm 2 Ast-y, main-pro = 818.123087 mm2

Ast-x, dis-pro = 502.654825 mm2 Ast-y, dis-pro = 335.103216 mm2

% of steel provided in x-direction = 0.6567 %
% of steel provided in y-direction = 0.4378 %
Tc-x = 0.55 N/mm2 safe in shear
Tc-y = 0.3 N/mm2 safe in shear

Page 18
 .

Clinker Silo - Wall Design

Vertical load on silo wall

Filling Loads

Upper characteristics value of ( ) 0.66

Upper characteristics lateral pressure ratio (k) 0.50
Janssen characteristic depth zo =1/(K m) * (A/U) 30.28 m
Depth below the equvalent surface of the solid (z) 19.17 m
ho = r/3.Tan r 4.668 m
pho = g K zo 271.33 kN/m2
n = -(1+Tan r)(1-(ho/zo)) -1.44
Zv = [ho-[1/(n+1)]{(zo-ho-[(z+zo-2ho)n+1/(zo-ho)n]}] 15.1 m
Pvf = g . zV 260.52 kN/m2
Resulting vertical force in the wall (nzSk)
nzSk = m pho [z zV] (Maximum vertical load on wall 634.77 kN/m
Max material load transferred through silo wall 79768 kN ( 635 x PI() x 40 )

Discharge Loads

Discharge factor for wall frictional traction Cw 1

Wall thickness 500 mm
Resultant vertical force 634.77 kN/m ( 1 x 635 )
Self weight of silo wall 268.75 kN/m ( 0.5 x 25 x 22.6680502547314 )
Load from roof 40.62 kN/m =(4117+987)/(PI() x 40 )
Maximum load on silo wall 944.14 kN/m ( 41 + 268.75 + 635 )

Concrete grade C30/37 30 N/mm2

Rein steel grade 415 N/mm2
Ultimate compressive stress 1.888 N/mm2 < 18 N/mm2
Maximum Vertical Moment in the wall 157 kN-m/m (From STAAD)
Ultimate moment 235.5 kN-m/m ( 1.5 x 157 )
Ultimate bending stress 5.652 N/mm2 (6 x 235.5 x 1000/( 500 x500 ))
Max stress ( 1.9 + 5.7 ) 7.54 N/mm2 < 18 N/mm2
k = Mu / fcu bd2 0.039
z=d{0.5+[0.25-(k/0.9)]0.5} 430 mm
Required reinforce steel on each face 1390.12 mm2/m ( 236 x 1000000 / (0.95 x 415 x 430 ) )

Min. required steel (0.4%) 2000 mm2/m (total)

Provide D- 16 bars at spacing of 125 mm c/c on each side.

Material load on pile cap / Foundation

Lower characteristics value of ( ) 0.58

Lower characteristics lateral pressure ratio (k) 0.29
Janssen characteristic depth zo =1/(K m) * (A/U) 59.49 m
Depth below the equvalent surface of the solid (z) 19.17 m
ho = r/3.Tan r 4.668 m
pho = g K zo 276 kN/m2
n = -(1+Tan r)(1-(ho/zo)) -1.57
Zv = [ho-[1/(n+1)]{(zo-ho-[(z+zo-2ho)n+1/(zo-ho)n]}] 16.7 m

Pvf = g . zV (Maximum vertical presure on slab) 267 kN/m2

Resulting vertical force in the wall (nzSk)
nzSk = m pho [z zV] 393 kN/m
 .
Clinker Silo - Wall Design

Compressive Stress of Concrete (C30/37) 30 N/mm2

Grade of Steel 415 N/mm2

Tendon type #REF!

Strands yield strength 1860 N/mm2

No of strands in tendon #REF!

Area of each strand #REF! mm2

Ultimate load #REF! kN

Prestressing force #REF! kN

Short term losses in tendon #REF! kN ###

Long term losses in tendon #REF! kN

Short term Prestressing force #REF! kN

Long term Prestressing force #REF! kN

Permissible Bending Compressive Stress 18.00 N/mm2 ( 0.6 x 30 )

Max. post tension compressive stress in the wall ### N/mm2 ### 18.00 N/mm2
### ###
Tickness of Silo Wall in m 0.4 m

Moment carrying capacity of section 869 kN-m/m

(0.181 x 30 x 1 x0.4 x 0.4 ) x 1000
Temperaturemoment upto 1/3 Depth in 65 kN-m/m

Temperaturemoment remaining 2/3 Depth 39 kN-m/m

Diameter of Rebar in mm (Max) 32 mm

Effective depth of wall 0.344 m

Hoop tension (ULS) = (Wall Thickness) x (1.5 x Max Sx)

Ultimate Moment (Outside) = 1.5 x (Mx (outside) + 1.5 x (Temp. Moment)

Ultimate Moment (Inside) = 1.5 x (Mx (inside) )

 .
Clinker Silo - Wall Design

Height Mx in kN-m Req No. Cables Pro. No. Temp

Hoop
from Max Sx
bottom Outside Element/ Inside Element/ in kN/m2 Tension of PSC spacing of PSC Moment
Bending L. Case bending L. Case kN (ULS) Cables in mm Cables in kNm
in m
31 129 3042 / 13 151 3032 / 13 239 143 #REF! 5000 0.2 65
30 130 2942 / 13 156 2932 / 13 227 136 #REF! 5000 0.2 65
29 133 2842 / 13 164 2832 / 13 503 302 #REF! 2000 0.5 65
28 135 2742 / 13 171 2733 / 13 744 446 #REF! 2000 0.5 65
27 137 2641 / 13 177 2632 / 13 1043 626 #REF! 2000 0.5 65
26 144 2541 / 13 183 2532 / 13 1368 821 #REF! 1000 1.0 65
25 153 2441 / 13 190 2433 / 13 1646 988 #REF! 1000 1.0 65
24 165 2341 / 13 197 2333 / 13 1968 1181 #REF! 1000 1.0 65
23 177 2241 / 13 204 2232 / 13 2361 1417 #REF! 1000 1.0 65
22 191 2125 / 13 212 2132 / 12 2679 1607 #REF! 800 1.3 65
21 208 2040 / 13 235 2032 / 12 2927 1756 #REF! 800 1.3 39
20 223 1940 / 13 258 1933 / 12 3256 1954 #REF! 600 1.7 39
19 238 1825 / 13 279 1832 / 12 3558 2135 #REF! 600 1.7 39
18 251 1740 / 13 298 1733 / 12 3791 2275 #REF! 600 1.7 39
17 262 1625 / 13 316 1633 / 12 4035 2421 #REF! 500 2.0 39
16 272 1525 / 13 331 1533 / 12 4304 2582 #REF! 500 2.0 39
15 279 1425 / 13 344 1432 / 12 4551 2731 #REF! 500 2.0 39
14 283 1325 / 13 354 1332 / 12 4780 2868 #REF! 400 2.5 39
13 285 1225 / 13 360 1232 / 12 4990 2994 #REF! 400 2.5 39
12 285 1140 / 13 364 1132 / 12 5185 3111 #REF! 400 2.5 39
11 281 1028 / 12 363 1033 / 12 5383 3230 #REF! 400 2.5 39
10 283 928 / 12 358 932 / 12 5579 3347 #REF! 400 2.5 39
9 282 828 / 12 349 833 / 12 5787 3472 #REF! 400 2.5 39
8 278 737 / 12 335 732 / 12 6029 3617 #REF! 325 3.1 39
7 269 637 / 12 315 633 / 12 6321 3793 #REF! 325 3.1 39
6 255 537 / 12 289 532 / 12 6689 4013 #REF! 325 3.1 39
5 237 428 / 12 256 432 / 12 7035 4221 #REF! 325 3.1 39
4 214 328 / 12 215 332 / 11 7118 4271 #REF! 325 3.1 39
3 182 228 / 12 172 232 / 11 6486 3892 #REF! 325 3.1 39
2 130 137 / 12 111 132 / 11 4514 2708 #REF! 400 2.5 39
1 64 37 / 12 53 32 / 11 2172 1303 #REF! 400 2.5 39
(P.T.O.)
 .
Clinker Silo - Wall Design

Height Ultimate Moment k = M / f bd2 z=d{0.5+[0.25-(k/0.9)]0.5} in Req. Spacing Provided Spacing

from in kN-m/m u cu mm Ast in sq.mm D D D
bottom 32 25 32 D- 25
Outsid Outsid -
Outsid - -
Outsid
in m Outside Inside Inside Outside Inside Inside Inside Inside
e e e e
31 290 226 0.082 0.064 309 318 2379 1808 335 270 125 250
30 293 234 0.082 0.066 309 317 2404 1878 330 260 125 250
29 296 246 0.083 0.069 308 315 2434 1977 330 245 125 200
28 299 256 0.084 0.072 308 314 2463 2074 326 235 125 200
27 303 266 0.085 0.075 308 313 2499 2155 320 225 125 200
26 313 274 0.088 0.077 306 311 2596 2234 305 215 125 200
25 327 284 0.092 0.080 304 310 2729 2327 290 210 125 200
24 345 295 0.097 0.083 302 309 2897 2429 275 200 125 200
23 363 306 0.102 0.086 299 307 3082 2532 260 190 110 150
22 384 318 0.108 0.090 296 305 3289 2639 240 185 110 150
21 369 353 0.104 0.099 298 301 3142 2975 255 165 150 150
20 393 386 0.111 0.109 295 296 3382 3314 235 145 150 125
19 415 418 0.117 0.118 291 291 3611 3649 220 130 125 125
18 434 448 0.122 0.126 288 286 3822 3970 210 120 125 100
17 451 474 0.127 0.134 285 282 4009 4270 200 110 125 100
16 465 497 0.131 0.140 283 278 4167 4541 190 105 125 100
15 476 516 0.134 0.145 281 274 4289 4772 185 100 125 100
14 483 531 0.136 0.150 280 272 4371 4956 180 99 125 100
13 486 541 0.137 0.152 280 270 4407 5083 182 96 125 100
12 485 545 0.137 0.154 280 269 4395 5143 182 95 125 100
11 479 544 0.135 0.153 281 269 4331 5130 185 95 125 100
10 483 537 0.136 0.151 280 270 4374 5037 180 97 125 100
9 482 523 0.136 0.147 280 273 4356 4861 180 100 125 100
8 474 502 0.134 0.141 282 277 4272 4599 185 105 125 100
7 461 472 0.130 0.133 284 282 4118 4250 195 115 125 100
6 441 433 0.124 0.122 287 288 3894 3812 205 125 125 125
5 414 383 0.117 0.108 291 296 3604 3284 220 145 125 125
4 378 323 0.107 0.091 297 305 3234 2686 245 180 150 150
3 331 258 0.093 0.073 304 313 2765 2089 290 230 150 150
2 253 166 0.071 0.047 314 325 2045 1298 390 375 200 150
1 154 79 0.043 0.022 326 335 1199 601 670 815 200 150
 .

Clinker Silo - Tunnel Design

Tunnel Wall Design

Maximum material load = 267 kN/m2 ( Refer:-Material load on pile cap Page 18)
Distance between tunnel walls = 3.6 m
Distance between tunnel wall and next pile = 2.514 m
Thickness of pile cap = 1.50 m
Material load on tunnel wall = 818 kN/m ( 267 x (3.6+2.514) /2)
Thickness of tunnel wall = 400 mm (Assumed)
Depth of the wall = 2.7 m
Self weight = 142 kN/m ( 2.7 x 0.4 + 1.5 x 3.057 )x 25
Ultimate load on wall (1.35D.L. +1.5L.L.) = 1418 kN/m ( 1.35 x142+ 1.5 x818 )
Concrete grade C20/25 = 20 N/mm2
Rein steel grade = 415 N/mm2
Ultimate compressive stress = 3.5 N/mm2 < 12 N/mm2
(1418 / 400 )
Hence provided wall thickness is sufficient
Provide minimum reinforcement
St
e Min. required steel (0.4%) 1600 mm2/m (total)
el
IV
S Provide D- 16 bars at spacing of 250 mm c/c on each side.
(ri
b top Slab Design
Tunnel
b
e
Thickness
d of tunnel slab = 870 mm (Same as existing silo)
st
Width of the tunnel slab = 3.6 m
e
Cover
el = 50 mm
Self weight of tunnel slab
b = 21.75 kN/m2
ar
Maximum material load on tunnel slab = 267 kN/m2
/
Ultimate
w load on slab (1.35D.L. +1.5L.L.) = 431 kN/m2
Ultimate moment
el = 465 kN-m/m ( 431x 3.6 x 3.6 / 12)
d
a fcu =
Concrete
bl grade C20/25 25 N/mm2
e) fy = 415 N/mm2
k = Mu/fu bd = 0.0277
2
(Ref: BS 8110-1:1997)
z = [d (0.5 + (0.25-k/0.9)0.5)] = 794 mm
0.95 d = 779 mm
Ast = M/(0.95 fy z) = 1514 mm2 /m
Min Ast = 0.13 % = 1066 mm2 /m

Provide D- 20 bars at spacing of 200 mm c/c

Check for punching (At d/2 distance from face of wall)

Ultimate shear force = 512 kN/m ( 431 x (3.6-0.4-(0.87-0.05) ) / 2

Allowable shear stress 0.8 fy0.5 = 4.0 N/mm2
Shear Stress = 0.62 N/mm2 (512 / 820 )
Hence safe.
 .

St Clinker Silo - Tunnel Design

e
el
IV
S
(ri
b
Tunnel raft / bottom Slab Design
b
e
Thickness of tunnel slab
d = 400 mm (Same as existing silo)
st
Width of the tunnel slab = 3.6 m
e
Cover
el = 50 mm
Self weight of tunnel slab
b = 10 kN/m2
ar
Maximum material load on tunnel slab = 20 kN/m2 (Assumed load from gallery)
/
Ultimate load on slab (1.35D.L. +1.5L.L.)
w = 44 kN/m2
Ultimate moment
el = 70 kN-m/m ( 44 x 3.6 x 3.6 / 8)
d
a
Concrete grade C20/25 fcu = 25 N/mm2
bl
e) fy = 415 N/mm2
k = Mu/fu bd2 = 0.0230 (Ref: BS 8110-1:1997)
z = [d (0.5 + (0.25-k/0.9)0.5)] = 341 mm
0.95 d = 332.5 mm
Ast = M/(0.95 fy z) = 538 mm2 /m
Min Ast = 0.13 % = 455 mm2 /m

Provide D- 12 bars at spacing of 200 mm c/c

Provide the pile cap of 1600 x 1600 x 1400(h) on top of 1200 dia pile and beam of 400x 1400 between pile caps
to support the tunnel raft.
 .

Clinker Silo Foundation - Load on Purlin

Spacing of purlins 1.6 m

Dead weight of sheet 0.2 kN/sq.m

Live load from roof 1.00 kN/sq.m

Wind load 3.20 kN/sq.m

External pressure coefficients -1.5

Dead load on purlin 0.32 kN/m

Live load on purlin 1.6 kN/m

Wind load on purlin -7.68 kN/m