Lecturer :-

Prof. Emeritus Dato Dr. Ir Zainul Abidin Md

Sharrif.
http://metalab.uniten.edu.my/~zainul/

This Home Page is for my students who

are taking the following Classes as below:-
1) Digital Signal Processing EEEB363
Section 1A. (for CC Students only)
2) Digital Signal Processing EEEB363
Section 1B/C. (for EE/EP Students only)
 Course Code:- EEEB363

Course Title :- Digital Signal Processing

Prerequisites:- Signals and Systems (EEEB233)

Upon completion of the course, the student should have a solid

foundation in basic digital signal processing.

Aims/Objectives
To introduce the concepts, theory, techniques and applications
associated with the understanding of digital signal processing.
To develop methods for processing discrete-time signals.
To understand the processes of analog-to-digital and digital-to-
analog conversion.
To understand the discrete Fourier transform , fast Fourier
transform, design and implementation of digital filters.
To be aware of some applications associated with digital signal
processing.
 EEEB363/4 Digital Signal
Processing
Adopted Text Book:-
Digital Signal Processing - A Computer Based Approach, by S. K. Mitra.
Published by McGraw Hill International, 3rd Edition, Year:2006.
latest 4th Edition

References:
1. Discrete Time Signal Processing A. V. Oppenheim and R. W. Schafer
Second Edition Publisher Prentice Hall International.
2. Digital Signal Processing - A Practical Approach By E. C. Ifeachor and
B. W. Jervis. Published by Addision-Wesley publishing Company,
Year:1996
3. Signals and Systems by A. V. Oppenheim, A. S. Willsky, and H. S.
Nawab. Published by Prentice Hall, 2nd edition. Year 1997.
4. Signal Processing First by James H. McClellan, R. W. Schafer, and M.
A. Yo-der. Published by Prentice Hall, Year:2003.
 Course Description

Signal processing is a method of extracting information

from signal which in turn depends on the type of signal and
the nature of information it carries.
Therefore, signal processing is concerned with the
representing signals in mathematical terms and extracting
the information by carrying out algorithmic operations on
the signal.
A signal can be mathematically expressed in terms of basic
functions in original domain of independent variable or it
can be expressed in terms of basic functions in transformed
domain.
In this course we will use tools available in both domains to
analyze signals and systems in discrete time domain.
 Upon completion of the course, students should be
able to do the following:
1 Compute the discrete- time convolution of two signals.
2. Use the concepts of linearity, time-invariance, causality, and stability to classify a
discrete-time system.
3. Evaluate the frequency response of a discrete-time, linear time-invariant (LTI)
system from its impulse response and vice versa.
4. Understand and be able to apply the definition, properties, and applications of the
Discrete-time Fourier Transform (DTFT).
5. Explain and apply sampling theorem, analog to digital and digital to analog
conversion. Understand ideal sampling and reconstruction.
6. Design DSP systems for processing continuous-time signals.
7. Be able to apply definition and properties of Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and
Fast Fourier Transform (FFT).
8. Use DTFT, DFT, and FFT to analyze discrete time signals and systems.
9. Be able to use the definition and properties of Z-transform to describe, and analyze
the behavior of LTI systems,
10. Describe the input-output characteristics of a LTI system in both time domain and
frequency domain. Relate the poles and zeros of the system to its frequency response,
phase response, and stability and causality properties.
11. Design and implement different frequency selective Finite Impulse Response
(FIR), and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters to meet frequency domain
specifications.
12. Describe engineering trade-offs in filter design. Understand linear and nonlinear
phase response.
 course content and time
allocation
1.Signals and Signal Processing:- (6Hours)
1.1 Characterization and Classification of Signals 1.2 Typical Signal Processing
Operations 1.3 Examples of Typical Signals 1.4 Typical Signal Processing
Applications 1.5 Why Digital Signal Processing?
2.Discrete-Time Signals and Systems:- (4 Hours)
2.1 Discrete-Time Signals 2.2 Typical Sequences and Sequence Representation 2.4
Discrete-Time Systems 2.5 Time-Domain Characterization of LTI Discrete-Time
Systems 2.9 Correlation of Signals.
3.Discrete-Time Fourier Transform:- (4 Hours)
3.1 The Continuous-Time Fourier Transform 3.2 The Discrete-Time Fourier
Transform 3.3 Discrete-Time Fourier Transform Theorems 3.5 Band-Limited Discrete-
Time Signals 3.8 The Frequency Response of an LTI Discrete-Time System3.9 Phase and
Group Delays.
4.Digital Processing of Continuous-Time Signals:- (6 Hours)
4.1 Introduction4.2 Sampling of Continuous-Time Signals4.3 Sampling of Bandpass
Signals 4.4 Analog Lowpass Filter Design 4.5 Design of Analog Highpass, Bandpass, and
Bandstop Filters4.6 Anti-Aliasing Filter Design 4.10 Reconstruction Filter Design 6
 course content and time
allocation. continued.
5.Finite Length Discrete Transforms:- (6Hours)
5.2 The Discrete Fourier Transform 5.3 Relation Between the Fourier Transform and the
DFT, and Their Inverses 5.6 DFT Symmetry Relations5.7 Discrete Fourier Transform
Theorems 5.9 Computation of the DFT of Real Sequences11.3.2 Decimation in Time and
Decimation in Frequency.
6.z-Transform:- (4Hours) -
6.1 Definition and Properties 6.2 Rational z-Transforms 6.3 Region of Convergence of a
Rational z-Transform 6.4 The Inverse z-Transform 6.5 z-Transform Properties 6.7 The
Transfer Function
7.LTI Discrete-Time Systems in the Transform Domain:- (4 Hours)
7.1 Transfer Function Classification Based on Magnitude Characteristics 7.2 Transfer
Function Class ideation Based on Phase Characteristics 7.3 Types of linear-Phase Transfer
Functions 7.6 Inverse Systems
8.Digital Filter Structures:- (2Hours)
8.1 Block Diagram Representation 8.3 Basic FIR Digital Filter Structures8.4 Basic IIR Digital
Filter Structures.
9.IIR Filter Design & FIR Filter Design:- (6 Hours)

8 Course Outcomes
Represent Infinite/Finite Length sequences in terms of Time-Domain and
Frequency-Domain representation by applying the Discrete-time Fourier
Transform (DTFT).
Explain and apply sampling theorem, analog to digital, digital to analog
conversions and signal reconstruction.
Determine the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) and Fast Fourier Transform
(FFT) of discrete signal.
Analyze and describe the behavior of an LTI system according to its poles and
zeros and properties of Z-transform.
Design and implement different frequency selective Finite Impulse Response
(FIR), and Infinite Impulse Response (IIR) filters to meet frequency domain
specifications.
Analyze the input output of the linear and non-linear phase response of an LTI
system from the basic structure.
Able to simulate the DSP concepts using MATLAB and Real-Time laboratory
implementation using DSP board.
Able to produce a lab report based on the results of experiment and
simulation.
 Grading Policy:

Test 20%
Laboratory & Assignment 30%
Final: 50%
Total: 100%
 Signal Processing

Digital Signal Analog Signal

Processing Processing
 Digital Signal
Processing

Digital audio signal Digital control Digital image

processing engineering processing
 Digital Signal
Processing

RADAR Signal
Speech processing. Communications
processing
signal processing
What Is DSP?
Analog Computer a bit loud

Digital Computer
DSP

ADC DAC OUTPUT

1010 1001
 Introduction
Digital Signal Processing

Digital: converting and using of discrete signals to represent

information in the form of numbers

Signal: a variable parameter that convey information.

Processing: to perform operations on the numbers according to

programmed instructions
 A Typical DSP System

MEMORY
DSP Chip
Memory
ADC Converters (Optional)
DSP Analog to Digital
Digital to Analog
DAC Communication Ports
Serial
Parallel
PORTS
 Multiply and Add
Add 1+2 = 3 Multiply 5*3 = 15
0001 0 x 8 x 0011 0000
0010 1 x 4 x 0011 0011
+ 0 x 2 x 0011 0000
0011 1 x 1 x 0011 0011
Shifted and
added multiple
5 times 3 =

Most Common Operation in DSP MAC Operation

A = B*C + D
Typically 70 Clock Cycles With
E = F*G + A Ordinary Processors
..
.
Multiply, Add, and Accumulate Typically 1 Clock Cycle With
MAC Instruction Digital Signal Processors
 Digital Computers
von Neuman Machine
A
STORED A = ADDRESS
INPUT/ ARITHMETIC
PROGRAM
D OUTPUT LOGIC D = DATA
AND
UNIT
DATA

Harvard Architecture
A
A
STORED ARITHMETIC INPUT/
PROGRAM LOGIC OUTPUT STORE
D
UNIT D
D
DATA
 TMS320 Family
16-Bit Fixed Point Devices 32-Bit Floating Point Devices

C1x Hard-Disk Controllers C3x Videophones

C2x Fax Machines C4x Parallel Processing

C2xx Embedded Control

Other Devices
C5x Voice Processing
C6x Advanced VLIW
C54x Digital Cellular Processor
Phones Wireless Base
Stations/Pooled
Modems

C8x Video Conferencing

A Typical DSP System.
 DSP Development
ADD A, B
11100010010100001001 HIGH-LEVEL LANGUAGE
ASSEMBLER

CODE TEST

EMULATOR S/W DESIGN

N
DSP OK?
Y

PRODUCT
Tools of the Trade
 Why Digital Processing?
ADC PROCESS DAC

Advantages to Digital Processing

Programmability
Stability
Repeatability
Special Applications
 Programmability
One Hardware = Many Tasks

SOFTWARE 1 LOW-PASS FILTER

SOFTWARE 2 SAME MUSIC SYNTHESIZER
.. HARDWARE ..
SOFTWARE N MOTOR CONTROL

Upgradability and Flexibility

Develop New Code Upgrade
Analog Solder New Component
 Analog Variability

Analog Circuits are affected by

Temperature
Aging

Tolerance of Components
Two Analog Systems using the same design and
components may differ in performance

1k + 10 years = 1.1k
 Digital Repeatability
Perfect Reproducibility
Nearly identical performance from unit to unit
Performance not affected by tolerance
No drift in performance due to temperature or aging
Guaranteed accuracy

A CD player always plays the same music

quality
 Digital Signal Processing
(DSP) Advantages
Repeatability
Low sensitivity to component tolerances
Low sensitivity to temperature changes
Low sensitivity to aging effects
Nearly identical performance from unit to unit
Matched circuits cost less

High noise immunity

In many applications DSP offers higher
performance and lower cost
CD players versus phonographic turntable
 Performance
Some special functions are best implemented
digitally
Lossless Compression

Adaptive Filters Linear Phase Filters

gain f phase

frequency frequency
f1 f2
Practical DSP Systems
Hi-Fi Equipment
Toys
Videophones
Modems
Phone Systems
3D Graphics
Image Processing
And More ...
 Typical Signal Processing
Applications
Sound Recording Applications
Compressors and limiters
Expander and noise gate
Equalizers and filters
Noise reduction system
Delay and reverberation systems
Special effects
 Typical Signal Processing
Applications
Telephone Dialing Applications
FM Stereo Applications
Musical Sound Synthesis
Echo Cancellation in Telephone Networks
DSP Applications.
 Signal Generation
Sinusoidal signal- oscillators
Square wave signal
Triangular wave signal
Random signals white noise
 Examples of Typical Signals
Electrocardiography (ECG) Signals
Electroencephalogram (EEG) Signals
Seismic Signals
Speech Signals
Music Sound Signals
Time Series / Econometric Signals
Image Signals
Video Signals
Mechanical vibration signals