Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Process Analytics
siemens.com/processanalytics
Siemens AG 2013
Storage tank
Absorbent Membrane
unit
Raw gas
Vapor/air mixture from Clean gas
storage, distribution etc.
Compressor
Scrubber
Absorbent +
recycled product
Vacuum
pump
Tank farm
Membrane recycle
stream
Fig. 1 VRU process ow chart (lean oil absorption principle) with typical measuring locations
2
Siemens AG 2013
Siemens offers the MAXUM edition II PGC which repre- For VRU especially apply the following regulations:
sents the top technology in process gas chromatography Europe:
for analyzing liquids and vapor process samples. Unparal- 94/63/EC, Directive on the control of volatile
leled product features deliver high versatility and the best organic compound (VOC) emissions resulting from
possible analytical results at the lowest cost. the storage of petrol and its distribution from ter-
minals to service stations.
Germany:
Parts of TA Luft and BISchG
USA:
Parts of Clean Air Act and EPA regulations
3
Siemens AG 2013
To monitor the exhaust gas from VRUs before entering the Benzene 0 20 0 ... 100 mg/m
stack is a typical application example for use of gas chro- Sum C1-C10 0 20 0 ... 5000 mg/m
matography. The aim is to analyze the composition of the Non-Aromatics
gas and therefrom to judge whether the process runs Sum Aromatics 0 ... 5000 mg/m
properly and the emitted gas complies with the emission Nitrogen 78.8 Vol%
limits. Fig. 4 shows a list of gas components with concen-
Oxygen 20.8 Vol%
tration levels which are common in VRUs exhaust gas
after processing to recovery benzene vapor as a typical Carbondioxide 400 ppmv
example. Other applications are to determine various C5-C8 Olefins < 20 ppmv
hydrocarbon mixtures (e.g. C1 to C5 including aromatics) C5-C8 Saturates < 20 ppmv
in the raw and the clean gas from mid ppm (raw gas) Toluene <5 ppmv
down to low ppm (clean gas) levels.
Ethylbenzene <5 ppmv
Xylenes <5 ppmv
Top technology ensures optimal process control C9 Hydrocarbons <5 ppmv
Siemens PGC represent the top technology by providing Total Sulfur <1 ppmv
analyzers that are reliable and robust as well as flexible to Fig. 4 Typical measuring task for a benzene recovery unit
meet specific user requirements in terms of installation,
applications and analytical performance. Specifically these Detector Type Selectivity Typical Typical
are for VRU related applications: Detection Limit applications
TCD, Thermal Universal 1 ... 10 ppm Main and
Multiple analytical tools such as injectors, ovens, detec- Conductivity secondary
tors or columns to adapt the hardware perfectly to the Detector components
analytical needs FID, Flame Ion- Hydrocarbons 10 ... 100 ppb Trace hydrocar-
Accurate determination of all hazardous air pollutants ization Detector bons with
due to perfect adaption of the analytical hardware methanator:
such as injectors, separation columns and detectors CO, CO2
(g. 5 and 6) FPD, Flame Sulfur and 10 ... 100 ppb Traces of sulfur
Precise and interference-free measurement of key com- Photometer phosphor components in
Detector containing hydrocarbon
ponents such as benzene or other solvents and chemi- molecules matrices
cals by optimized selection of most suitable separation
PDHID, Universal 5 ... 50 ppb Trace analysis
column sets and column switching technologies PD Helium Ion- in highly pure
Precise and sensitive measurement of key components ization Detector gases
by using selective trace detectors such as ame ioniza- PDECD, Molecules 0.1 ... 1 ppb Traces of
tion (FID), ame photometric (FPD) or Pulse Discharge PD Electron with electro- halogenated
Detectors (PDD) Capture negative substances
Cost effective VRU solutions by using single and inde- Detector groups
pendant dual oven GCs for minimizing the number of PDPID, Easy ionizable 100 ... 1000 ppb Aromatic traces
analyzers PD Photo Ion- molecules
ization Detector
Reduction of utility costs of the VRU analyzer equipment
by airless oven and modular oven technology. Fig. 5 Detector types in process GC (PD: Pulsed Discharge)
4
Siemens AG 2013
Fig. 7 Gas Chromatograph Portal workstation software Fig. 8 MAXUM modular oven with color touch screen
5
Siemens AG 2013
6
Siemens AG 2013
Online Support
Engineering
7
Siemens AG 2013