MATHEMATICS FOR GRAPHICS PROJECT

SCSV1113

DR. SUHAILA BINTI SADIMON

LINEAR ALGEBRA FOR COMPUTER GRAPHICS

HAIFA AQILAH BINTI DAUD A16CS0042

NAZATUL ASYIKIN BINTI MOHAMMAD A16CS0125

AKHIR

AIN-SHAHTUL SYAHIRA BINTI B16CS0018

MOHAMAD SAMSANI
INTRODUCTION

What is computer Graphics?

The area of computer graphics is a vast and ever expanding field. In the
simplest sense computer graphics are images viewable on a computer
screen. Applications extend into such processes as engineering design
programs and almost any type of media. The images are generated using
computers and likewise, are manipulated by computers. Underlying the
representation of the images on the computer screen is the mathematics of
Linear Algebra. We will explore the fundamentals of how computers use
linear algebra to create these images and branch off into basic manipulation
of these images.
 What is Linear Algebra?

What is Linear Algebra? Linear algebra is the branch of mathematics

concerning vector spaces and linear mappings between such spaces. It
includes the study of lines, planes and subspace but it is also concerned with
properties common to all vector spaces. Such equations are naturally
represented using the formalism of matrices and vectors. Linear algebra also
is a branch of mathematics that is fundamental to computer graphics. It
studies vectors, linear transformations and matrices.

In linear algebra, there are a few equations such as linear equation,

nonlinear equation, quadratic equation, cubic equation and so on. A linear
equation is an algebraic equation that in which each term is either constant
or the product of a constant and (the first power of) a single variable while
nonlinear system of equations is a set of simultaneous equations in which the
unknowns appear as variables of a polynomial of degree higher than one or
in the argument of a function which is not a polynomial of degree one.

Besides, quadratic equation is an equation of degree 2 with 3 coefficients

a, b and c: ax^2 + bx +c.
 WHY AND HOW LINEAR ALGEBRA ARE USED IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS

Most of Computer Graphics topics are using Linear Algebra in their

program and source code. Some of them are represented by dot which is
scalar and inner product of two vectors. It also can be used to measure
angles by crossing two vector products. Linear algebra also can be used to
find the direction that is perpendicular to a plane (the one that the two
vectors live on) by using matrix multiplication. The matrices often represent
some geometric transformation by multiplying two together yields a matrix
that represents the composite of the two transformations.

If one transformation is applied and afterwards the other one is

applied. Besides, it can be used to make a 3d object onto a 2d plane project
by using perspective or some other projection. Matrix is multiplied by a
vector, which allows some transformation represented by the matrix to be
applied to a set of points. The set of points can be the positions of the corners
of a polygon such as a triangle, octagon or a polyhedron ( cube).

Linear algebra is sometimes extremely useful and powerful in graph

algorithms. Those who master in eigenvalues can efficiently count the
number of spanning trees on the graph by using matrix-tree theorem. A more
challenging application, where you need an even firmer grasp of linear
algebra is the FKT algorithm for computing the number of perfect matchings
in a planar graph in polynomial time.
There are many more exciting examples of uses of linear algebra
in algebraic graph theory and spectral graph theory. The algorithms that
arise are not only for counting problems like the two examples I gave. For
instance, you can also check for connectivity, or compute the diameter of a
graph.
SOME EXAMPLES IN COMPUTER GRAPHICS APPLICATION THAT USING LINEAR
ALGEBRA

Today we have only scratched the surface of the world of computer

graphics. The advancement of computer grahics has made technology
more functional and user-friendly. Mainstream applications of computer
graphics can be seen in every type of media including animation, movies,
and video games. The breadth of computer graphics range from basic pixel
art and vector graphics to the incredibly realistic animation of high end 3D
gaming programs, such as games typically played on Microsoft c Xbox 360.
Applications of these graphics also extend into the world of science.
Currently biologists are using computer grapchis for molecular modeling.

Through these crucial visualizations scientists are able to make

advances in drug and cancer research, that otherwise would not be
possible. A major future application of computer graphics lies in the domain
of virtual reality. In vitual reality one is able to experience a synthesized
computer environment just as if it were a natural environment. It would
appear that "the sky is the limit" for the world of computer graphics, but at the
basis of it all lies the mathematics of linear algebra.

Almost anything involving computer graphics, animation, computer

vision, image processing, scientific computing, or simulation of physical
phenomena will involve extensive use of vectors and matrices (linear
algebra) from simple things like representing spatial transformations and
orientations, to very complex algorithms. These things used to be the domain
of supercomputing, but now these very same fields are the core of all the
coolest apps on your desktop, phones, and everywhere else, from video
games to computational photography to self-driving cars. Linear algebra is
everywhere.
References
http://www.skidmore.edu/~meckmann/2012Fall/F2012_10_08-
LinearAlgebraInComputerGraphics.pdf

http://www.skidmore.edu/~meckmann/2012Fall/F2012_10_08-
LinearAlgebraInComputerGraphics.pdf

http://math.hws.edu/graphicsbook/c3/s5.html