Tuyen Tap Cac Bai Viet Task 2 - 2017 Theo Chủ Đề

Contents
1. (12/01/2017) It is neither possible nor useful for a country to provide university places for
a high proportion of young people. To what extent do you agree or disagree? ....................... 2
2. (22/04/2017) Task 2: Some people think that people who choose a job early and keep doing it
are more likely to have a satisfying career life than those who frequently change jobs. To what
extent do you agree or disagree? [WORK] .............................................................................. 6
3. Task 2: The best way to resolve the international environmental problems is to

increase the cost of fuel. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
[ENVIRONMENT_GOVERNMENT] ................................................................................ 15
4. Task 2: Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so the
medical service should not be run by profit-making companies. Do you think the
disadvantages of privatehealth care outweigh the advantages? [HEALTH] ............. 21
5. (16/04/2016) Task 2: In the future, it seems it will bemore difficult to live on the Earth. Some
people think more money should be spent on researching other planets to live, such as Mars. To
what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement? [SPACE_GOVERNMENT] ............... 26
6. (29/04/2017) Task 2: Some people say that what children watch influences their behaviour.
Others believe the amount of time they spend on television influences their behaviour most. Discuss
both view and give your opinion. [T VNG NHIU TOPIC] ................................................ 32
10. Task 2: Some people think that governments should ban dangerous sports, while
others think people should have freedom to do any sports or activity. Discuss both views and
give your own opinion. [SPORT_GOVERNMENT] ........................................................... 39
(14/01/2017) Task 2: In many schools and universities, girls tend to choose arts subjects (eg.
languages) and boys choose science subjects (eg. Physics). What do you think are the reasons?
Do you think that this tendency should be changed? [ART_EDUCATION].......................... 47
Written by Ngoc Bach
Group: https://www.facebook.com/groups/ieltsngocbach/
Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 1

1. (12/01/2017) It is neither possible nor useful for a country to provide
university places for a high proportion of young people. To what extent do you
agree or disagree?
Essay Plan:
Introduction: it is not possible nor useful to provide access to university

for a high proportion of youngsters. Completely agree with the statement.
Paragraph 2: it is not POSSIBLE. [1] cost of building and running enough

universities to educate the increased number of students would be
prohibitive [2] entry standards would have to be lowered from their
present levels, making it easy for youngsters to achieve the entrance grades.
Standard of univeristy education would be lowered.
Paragraph 3: it is not USEFUL. [1] vocational training is essential to have

a workforce with practical skills. Examples of different fields:
construction workers, agricultural workers, nurses..
Conclusion: fully agree with the statement.

Dn bi gi
Gii thiu: Vic ph cp i hc cho a s ngi tr l khng th v cng khng hu
ch. Hon ton ng vi khng nh trn.
on 2: Vic l khng kh thi. [1] chi ph xy dng v iu hnh cc trng i
hc ging dy cho s lng hc sinh tng thm s rt t (prohibitive cao n
mc khng th chi tr c). [2] tiu chun u vo s phi h thp xung so vi trnh
hin nay ph hp cho cc bn tr t im u vo. Cht lng ging dy s b
h xung.
on 3: Vic khng hu ch. [1] mun c mt lc lng lao ng vi cc k nng
thc hnh th vic dy ngh l cn thit hn. V d cc ngnh khc nhau: cng nhn
xy dng, nng nghip, y t
Kt lun: Hon ton ng vi khng nh trn.
Essay
In some countries, educational policy is aimed at expanding the number of

university places available for youngsters leaving school. While there are

economic and social advantages of this policy, I completely agree with the idea
that it is impractical for a high proportion of young people to pursue university
studies.
It is not feasible to offer university places for most youngsters. Firstly, the cost
of the practical measures required would be prohibitive. Without a vast
programme to construct new campuses, it would be physically impossible to
cope with a new intake of unprecedented student numbers. Even if new
campuses were constructed, they would have to be maintained and staffed.
Secondly, university entrance standards would need to be lowered, enabling
those with lower grades in the entrance exams to gain admittance. Inevitably,
the existing quality of learning in higher education would suffer.
In terms of the economic needs of a country, it is also not useful to provide

university education for a high proportion of young people. A nation of
expensively-trained academic graduates might be very desirable socially, but
there would be a lack of skilled technicians and employees in manufacturing
and service sectors. Instead, governments should pursue a more realistic
policy of increasing the provision of vocational courses for school-leavers,
combined with internship opportunities and on the job training. These could
cover diverse fields such as construction, agriculture, nursing and tourism.
Sustaining a balanced economy means providing good work opportunities in all
sectors of the economy.
In conclusion, I fully agree with the statement on the basis of the wide range of
skills required by all modern economies.
268 words
Dch
mt s quc gia, chnh sch gio dc c mc tiu m rng s lng trng

i hc sn sng cho nhng ngi tt nghip cp ba. D c nhng li ch kinh
t v x hi nht nh, ti vn hon ton ng rng vic s lng ln ngi tr
theo ui bc hc i hc l khng thc t.

Vic cung cp ni hc i hc cho hu ht cc bn tr l khng kh thi. u
tin, chi ph cho nhng hnh ng thit thc cn c l rt t , khng th chi
tr c. Nu khng c k hoch xy dng nhng khu ging ng mi, v c
bn s khng th gii quyt c khi lng sinh vin mi vo v khng th
tnh ton c. Thm ch khi nhng khu ging ng mi c xy dng th
chng cng cn c duy tr v c vn hnh. Th hai, tiu chun u vo ca
trng i hc s b h thp cho php nhng hc sinh c im thi u vo
thp vn c php vo hc. Nh vy, vic nh hng ti cht lng hin ti
ca bc hc i hc l khng th trnh khi.
V vn nhu cu kinh t ca mt t nc, vic ny cng khng hu ch. Mt
quc gia vi nhng ngi tt nghip i hc c o t mt cch cng phu
tn km c th rt ng m c v mt x hi, nhng s gy ra s thiu ht
nhn cng k thut v ngi lm vic trong lnh vc sn xut v dch v. Thay
vo , chnh ph nn theo ui mt chnh sch tch cc hn, l cung cp
nhiu kha o to ngh cho nhng ngi tt nghip ph thng, kt hp vi
c hi thc tp v o to ngay trong qu trnh lm vic. Nhng bin php
c th ph hp vi a dng ngnh ngh nh xy dng, nng nghip, iu dng
v du lch. Duy tr bn vng mt nn kinh t cn bng ng ngha vi vic cung
cp c hi vic lm tt trong mi lnh vc ca nn kinh t .
Tm li, ti hon ton ng vi khng nh v nn tng ca s lng ln cc
k nng cn cho mi nn kinh t hin i.
Vocabulary:
impractical[adjective]: not sensible or realistic

Example: This is a big project it is impractical to think that we can finish it in 2
weeks.
feasible [adjective]: that is possible, and likely to be achieved
Example: It is not feasible to make a film for less than $1million dollars in
Hollywood.
prohibitive [adjective]: such a high cost that it prevents people from buying
something or doing something
Example: Nobody can afford to buy a house in this city the prices are prohibitive.

intake [noun]: the number of people allowed to enter a school or college in a
particular period
Example: The annual student intake in this university is 5,000.
unprecedented [adjective]: that has never happened or been known before

Example: The stadium has never been so full of people the number of spectators is
unprecedented.
gain admittance [expression]: to be allowed to enter a building or an institution

Example: The ticket will allow you to gain admittance to all the special exhibitions
in the museum.
desirable [adjective]: worth having or doing

Example: Full employment is a very desirable policy, but it is difficult to achieve.
service sector [noun]: the part of the economy that does not produce goods, but
provides things which the public needs
Example: Entertainment, health care, transport and investment are all included as part
of the service sector of a countrys economy.
pursue [verb]: to do or to try to achieve something over a period of time

Example: She is training to be a doctor and has decided to pursue a career in
medicine.
vocational [adjective]: connected to the skills or knowledge that you need to do a

particular job
Example: She is doing vocational classes in the evenings to help her to qualify as an
accountant.
school-leaver [noun]: a person who has just finished school

Example: This year, there are more school-leavers than there are job vacancies.
on the job [expression]: while doing a particular job

Example: This company provides on the job experience, with good promotion
opportunities.
diverse [adjective]: very different from each other and of various kinds
Example: The USA used to encourage immigrants from diverse cultures including
people from many Asian and Latin American countries as well as Europeans.

2. (22/04/2017) Task 2: Some people think that people who choose a job
early and keep doing it are more likely to have a satisfying career life than
those who frequently change jobs. To what extent do you agree or
disagree? [WORK]
Essay Plan
Introduction difficult to decide which leads to the best career life.

Opinion despite benefits of changing jobs, staying in the same job gives
more satisfaction
Paragraph 2: advantages of job hopping [1] people acquire a wide
range of skills useful in the workplace [2] people have the chance to
discover the type of job which suits them
Paragraph 3: advantages of staying in the same job: [1] employees
enjoy better job prospects promotion/pay increases [2] making contacts
and the enjoyment of support from long-term colleagues.
Conclusion: staying in the same job = more satisfying career.
Dn bi
M bi: kh khan quyt nh ci g s dn n cuc sng cng vic

hon ho nht. kin d vic thay i cng vic c nhiu li ch, vic n
nh vi mt cng vic mang li s hi long ln hn
on 2: li ch ca vic nhy vic [1] c th c nhiu k nng c ch trong
mi trng lm vic [2] c c hi nhn ra cng vic no ph hp vi mnh
on 3: li ch ca vic lm 1 cng vic c nh [1] ngi lao ng c
trin vng cng vic tt hn - kh nng thng tin hoc lng cao hn [2] c s
lien h v h tr t nhng ngi ng nghip lu nm.
Kt lun: n nh = hi long hn trong cng vic.
Essay

If asked whether it is keeping a job or switching jobs that gives more job
satisfaction, many would struggle to make the final choice. In my opinion,
while job hopping has its own benefits, choosing a job earlier on and keeping it
would provide people with a greater sense of fulfillment.
On the one hand, there are several merits to job hopping. Firstly, by switching
from one job to another, people have the chance to try their hands at different
fields and thus acquire more skills. Job hoppers may find job satisfaction in
being able to put the knowledge gained from previous employment into
practice at the new workplace and receiving recognition for their capabilities.
Secondly, people who change work more often and experience various working
environments have the opportunity to find what suits them best. For example,
many young people dislike the idea of havinga steady job or a desk job and
therefore, switch career to seek more dynamic opportunities that could later
prove more fulfilling.
On the other hand, there are strong reasons why holding down the same job for
a long time appeals to many adults. First, people would benefit frombetterjob
prospects, which include promotion opportunities and pay rises, if they
stayed in a job long term. As experience and commitment are both taken into
consideration when a company decides who to promote or to dismiss, those
who work longer for an organization stand a higher chance of moving up the
ladder and earning a more lucrative living. Besides, there are various perks
that follow when people keep the same job, namely sick leave, holiday
entitlement, a generous retirement package or yearly bonuses. In addition to
improved job prospects, people who stay in the same job may establish a wide
and steady network of partners as well as gain supportive long-term
colleagues.
In conclusion, I believe that despite the excitement that changing jobs entails,
whether for people bent on pursuing a successful career or for those with few
career ambitions, it is staying with the same job that is more likely to bring
greater job fulfillment.
347 words
Bi mu

Nu c hi gi mt cng vic hay thay i cng vic s mang n s hi long
trong cng vic hn, nhiu ngi s thy kh khan la chn. Theo ti, d
thay i cng vic c nhng li ch ring th vic sm la chn 1 cng vic v
duy tr n s gip ngi ta c cm gic hi long hn.
Mt mt, c mt s li ch khi nhy vic.. Th nht, khi thay i t cng vic

ny sang cng vic khc, ngi ta s c c hi trc tip tri nghim nhng
lnh vc khc nhau v t c c nhiu k nng hn. Ngi nhy vic c th
c c s tha mn khi c th dung kin thc hc c t cng vic trc vo
thc t ni lm vic mi v c ghi nhn kh nng ca h. Th hai, nhng
ngi thay i cng vic thng xuyn v c kinh nghim nhiu mi trng
lm vic khc nhau s c c hi nhn ra ci g ph hp vi h nht. V d, nhiu
ngi tr khng thch vic c cng vic n nh hay cng vic vn phng, v
vy vic thay i cng vic tm ra nhng c hi nng ng hn c th s cho
thy s tha mn sau ny.
Mt khc, c nhng l do thuyt phc cho vic duy tr mt cng vic trong thi
gian di l hp dn hn vi nhng ngi trng thnh. Th nht, ngi ta c
th c c trin vng cng vic tt hn, bao gm c hi thng tin v tng
lng nu h lm mt cng vic trong di hn. V khi cng ty quyt nh ai
c thng chc hay b sa thi, kinh nghim v s tn ty s u c xem xt
nn nhng ngi lm lu hn cho mt t chc s c c hi cao hn c
thng tin v kim tin cho mt cuc sng cao cp hn. Ngoi ra , c nhng li
ch khc c c khi ngi ta gi cng vic n nh, c th nh ngh m, k
ngh dng, mt ch lng hu hu hnh hay tin thng hang nm. Cng
vi vic trin vng cng vic ln hn, nhng ngi lm vic n nh c th xy
dng c mng li cng vic rng v n nh cng nh c c s h tr t
nhng ngi ng nghip lu nm.
Tm li, ti tin rng d thay i cng vic mang n nhng ho hng nht nh,
d l ngi theo ui 1 s nghip thnh cng hay l nhng ngi c t tham
vng hn trong cng vic, vic c mt cng vic n nh s chc chn mang li
s hi long trong cng vic hn.
Vocabulary
1.To acquire experience/knowledge/skill:


Meaning: to gain experience/knowledge/skill by your own efforts or behavior
Example: Some school leavers prefer to acquire experience working in a

chosen profession rather than entering university.
Dch i
To acquire experience/ skill: c c kinh nghim, k nng
Ngha: c c kinh nghim, kin thc, k nng bng chnh n lc hay thi
ca bn
V d: Mt s ngi tt nghip cp 3 thch c c kinh nghim lm vic mt

ngh nghip nht nh hn l hc i hc.
2. Job satisfaction
Meaning: the good feeling that you get when you have a job that you enjoy
Example: A high salary is not necessarily the most important factor in job
satisfaction.
Dch i
Job satisfaction: s hi lng trong cng vic
Ngha: cm gic hnh phc khi c lm cng vic m bn thy vui v
V d: Mc lng cao khng phi yu t quan trng nht v s hi lng trong

cng vic.
3.Put knowledge gained into practice
Meaning: to put to practical use the knowledge that you have acquired
Example: Vocational training courses enable students to put the knowledge

gained during their studies into practice.
Dch i
Put knowledge gained into practice: p dng kin thc hc vo thc t
Ngha: s dng mt cch thit thc nhng kin thc bn c c

V d: Cc kha hc o to ngh cho php hc sinh s dng kin thc hc
vo thc tin.
4. Working environment
Meaning: the conditions that you work in
Example: If work is to be enjoyable, then a friendly working environment is

essential.
Dch i
Working environment: mi trng lm vic
Ngha: iu kin lm vic
V d: Nu mun hng th cng vic, th mt mi trng lm vic thn thin

l rt cn thit.
5. To have a steady job
Meaning: to have a job which you are unlikely to lose, but which is usually the
same routine
Example: Although some people prefer to change jobs, others prefer to have a
steady job and a set daily routine at work.
Dch i
To have a steady job: c cng vic n nh
Ngha: c vic bn chc chn khng b sa thi, nhng thng lm vic ging
nhau
V d: D mt s ngi thch thay i cng vic, nhng ngi khc li thch

cng vic n nh v lm vic hang ngy nh nhau hn.
6.A desk job
Meaning: a job in an office, where you sit and work all day at a table or desk
Example: Many young people enjoy the excitement of a dangerous profession
to the boring routine of a desk job.
Dch i

A desk job: cng vic vn phng
Ngha: cng vic trong vn phng, ni bn ngi lm c ngy trn bn giy.
V d: Nhiu ngi thch nhng vic nguy him, ho hng hn l vic vn

phng nhm chn.
7. Job prospects
Meaning: the chances of being successful and having more opportunities at

work
Example: People with qualifications and experience usually have the best job
prospects.
Dch i
Job prospects: trin vng cng vic
Ngha: c hi thnh cng v c nhiu c hi hn trong cng vic
V d: Nhng ngi c bng cp v kinh nghim thng c trin vng cng

vic tt hn.
8. Promotion opportunities
Meaning: chances to move to a more important position in a company or

organization
Example: Perhaps the most important factor when choosing a job are the
promotion opportunities/promotion prospects.
Dch i
Promotion opportunities: c hi thng tin
Ngha: c hi c iu chuyn ln v tr cao hn trong cng ty
V d: C l yu t quan trng nht khi la chn cng vic l c hi thng tin

hay trin vng cng vic.
9. To take something into consideration/ account
Meaning: to consider or remember something when judging a situation

Example: No business will succeed if it fails to take the needs of customers
into account/into consideration.
Dch i
To take something into consideration/account: xem xt ci g
Ngha: xem xt hay nh ti ci g khi nh gi 1 vn , 1 tnh hung
V d: Vic kinh doanh khng th thnh cng nu nh khng xem xt n nhu

cu ca khch hng.
10. To dismiss somebody (from something)
Meaning: to officially remove somebody from their job
Example: Employment legislation prevents employers from dismissingan

employee without a good reason.
Dch i
To dismiss sb: sa thi ai
Ngha: chnh thc ui vic ai
V d: Lut lao ng ngn nhng ng ch sa thi nhn vin mt cch v l.
11. To move up the career ladder
Meaning: a series of stages by which you can make progress in your career
Example: Ambitious employees look for a job in which there is a chance to

move up the career ladder.
Dch i
To move up the career ladder: bc cao hn trong nc thang s nghip
Ngha: Tin ln trong mt lot cc giai on trong s nghip
V d: Nhng nhn vin tham vng thng tm mt cng vic c th bc cao

hn trong nc thang s nghip.
12.To earn a living

Meaning: to earn money
Example: I used to earn a living as a teacher, but now I sell used cars.
Dch i
To earn a living: kim sng
Ngha: kim tin trang tri cuc sng
V d: Ti tng kim sng bng ngh gio vin, nhng gi th ti i bn t c,

qua s dng.
13. Holiday entitlement
Meaning: the number of days off work that you are allowed as holidays
Example: It is important to know the holiday entitlement before accepting a job.
Dch i
Holiday entitlement: s ngy ngh php
Ngha: s ngy ngh cho php
V d: Quan trng l bit c s ngy ngh php trc khi nhn mt cng vic.
14. Sick leave
Meaning: permission to stay away from work because of illness or injury
Example: Important factors when choosing a job include holiday entitlement,

sick leave and a company pension scheme.
Dch i
Sick leave: ngh m
Ngha: c php ngh m
V d: Nhng yu t quan trng khi la chn cng vic bao gm s ngy ngh
php, ngh m v ch lng hu.
15. A generous retirement package

Meaning: A lot of money or other benefits that you receive from a company or
organization when you stop working there because of your age
Example: Companies who value their employees should offer a generous

retirement package.
16. Supportive work colleagues
Meaning: people that you work with who give you help and encouragement
Example: A very important aspect of job satisfaction is having supportive work

colleagues.
Dch i
Supportive work colleagues: ng nghip nhit tnh h tr
Ngha: nhng ng nghip sn sang gip v ng vin bn
V d: Mt kha cnh quan trng ca s hi lng trong cng vic l c nhng

ng nghip nhit tnh h tr.
17. To pursue a successful career
Meaning: to have a series of jobs in a particular area of work, with more

responsibility as time passes
Example: While many people wish to pursue a successful career, for others it
is more important to find work which is interesting and enjoyable.
Dch i
To pursue a successful career: theo ui s nghip thnh t
Ngha: tri qua mt lot cng vic ti mt ni c th, vi nhiu trch nhim hn
khi thi gian qua i
V d: Trong khi nhiu ngi mong mun theo ui s nghip thnh t, mt s

ngi khc vic tm mt cng vic th v li quan trng hn.
18. To have no career ambitions
Meaning: to have no desire to be successful or to move up the career ladder

Example: Those who are content to do the same job and have no career
ambitions are often happier in their work and do not suffer from stress.
Dch i
To have no career ambitions: khng c tham vng trong s nghip
Ngha: khng c tham vng thnh t hay bc cao hn trong nc thang s

nghip
V d: Nhng ngi hi lng khi lm cng mt cng vic v khng c tham

vng trong s nghip thng hnh phc hn vi cng vic ca h v khng
phi chu p lc no.
3. Task 2: The best way to resolve the international environmental

problems is to increase the cost of fuel. To what extent do you agree or
disagree? [ENVIRONMENT_GOVERNMENT]
Essay Plan
Introduction: International experts proposed many ways to solve

global environmental issues. Disagree that the best solution if to raise fuel
prices
Paragraph 2 Increasing cost of fuel would lead to a reduction in car
use, and thus a reduction in exhaust emissions and [1] slow the process of
global warming [2] reduce dependence on fossil fuels
Paragraph 3 other measures more effective [1] restrict use of
private vehicles London [2] invest in alternative energy [3] international
scientic sharing of knowledge energy, the oceans, agriculture.
Conclusion: although increasing fuel costs would have some effect on
tackling some global environmental problems, there are more effective
ways to do this.
Dch
Hng dn lm bi:

M bi: cc chuyn gia quc t a ra nhiu gii php cho vn mi
trng trn ton th gii. Phn i kin cho rng tng gi cht t l
cch tt nht.
on 2: tng gi cht t s dn n vic gim s dng xe t ri t

gim kh thi v lm chm li qu trnh nng ln ton cu gim bt s ph
thuc vo cht t.
on 3: nhng bin php hiu qu hn hn ch s dng phng tin giao

thng ring. London u t vo nhng ngun nng lng thay th, chia s
kin thc v khoa hc quc t: nng lng, i dng, nng nghip.
Kt lun: mc d vic tng gi cht t c th gip gii quyt nhng vn

mi trng nhng vn cn nhiu gii php khc hiu qu hn.
Essay:
International experts have proposed many solutions to tackle global

environmental issues. While raising fuel prices would be a useful measure to
fight climate change, I disagree that it would represent the best way to
alleviate environmental problems.
National authorities should raise taxes on the cost of fuel. By adopting this
policy, governments would almost certainly ensure that people used their cars
less. Fewer car journeys would mean a reduction in exhaust emissions. This
would have global consequences, slowing the process of global warming as the
quantity of greenhouse gases released into the atmosphere was reduced.In
terms of the depletion of natural resources, world supplies of oil will not last
forever, and by increasing petrol prices there would be less dependence on
fossil fuels. Thus, I believe that international bodies should exert pressure
on countries to raise fuel prices.
However, I would argue that there are more effective ways to tackle
international environmental problems. Firstly, from the perspective of transport
policy, introducing restrictions on the use of private vehicles must be high on
the government agenda in all countries. For example, the congestion charge
on vehicles in London has improved air quality. Secondly, governments must
allocate resources to the development of alternative energy sources to power

motor vehicles and machinery used in factory production. Finally, as part of the
wider effort to achieve sustainable development, international cooperation to
share scientific knowledge and advances in technology should be a top
priority.This would range across issues such as the exploitation of renewable
energy,marine conservation and the reclamation of agricultural land, halting the
spread of deserts in places such as sub-Saharan Africa.
In conclusion, although raising the cost of fuel would be a welcome measure,

more effective steps are required to deal with a wider range of global
environmental tissues.
299 words
Dch
Cc chuyn gia quc t a ra nhiu bin php gii quyt vn mi

trng trn ton cu. Mc d tng gi cht t c th l mt gii php hiu qu
chng li bin i kh hu, ti khng ng vi quan im cho rng l
cch tt nht lm gim thiu nhng vn mi trng.
Hi ng nh nc nn tng thu nh vo gi cht t. Bng cch p dng

chnh sch ny, chnh ph s gn nh chc chn m bo c rng ngi dn
s t s dng t ring hn. Bt i nhng chuyn i bng xe t ng ngha
vi vic kh thi s gim i. iu ny s em li kt qu mang tnh ton cu,
gip lm chm li qu trnh nng ln ca tri t v lng kh gas nh knh thi
vo bu kh quyn c gim bt. Xt v s suy gim ti nguyn thin nhin,
lng cht t d tr ca th gii khng th tn ti mi, do vy vic tng gi
cht t s gp phn lm gim i s ph thuc ca con ngoi vo chng. Do ,
ti tin rng cc t chc quc t nn gy p lc ln cc quc gia buc h tng
gi kh t.
Tuy nhin, ti cho rng cn nhiu cch khc gii quyt nhng vn lin
quan n mi trng. u tin, xt n yu t v chnh sch giao thng, vic
cm phng tin giao thng c nhn c v nh s c a chung bi chnh
ph cc nc. V d, ph tc ng London gip lm tng cht lng
khng kh. Th hai, chnh ph nn phn chia nhng ngun ti nguyn dng cho
nng lng thay th cho nhng thit b dng trong sn xut nh my. Cui
cng, nh mt n lc t c s pht trin bn vng, ta nn u tin nhng
n lc mang tm quc t trong vic chia s kin thc lin quan n khoa hc, k

thut. c th l nhng iu lin quan n vic khai thc nhng ngun nhin
liu ti to, bo tn ti nguyn bin, ci to t nng nghip, ngn chn s m
rng ca sa mc nh Sahara.
Tm li, mc d tng gi cht t l mt bin php kh thi, ta vn cn nhng

gii php hiu qu khc chin u vi nhng vn mi trng ln hn.
Vocabulary:
1. to fight climate change
Meaning: To try to prevent changes in climate patterns, such as rainfall,
temperature and winds.
Example: Unless we consume less of the Earths natural resources, it will be
impossible to fight climate change and safeguard our future.
2. to alleviate environmental problems

Meaning: to make bad environmental problems less severe
Example: Everyone can assist in the effort to alleviate
environmentalproblems in the local community through simple actions such
as recycling waste or planting a tree in their garden.
national authorities
Meaning: government organizations acting at a national level or within a
smaller, local area
Example: Tackling crime is a responsibility of both national and local
authorities.
3. to raise taxes on
Meaning: to increase the amount of tax on something
Example: Governments should raise taxes on cigarettes to persuade more
people to give up smoking.
4. to adopt policies
Meaning: to start to use particular policies
Example: In order to deal with traffic congestion, the government must
adopt policies to restrict the use of private cars.
5. to cut down on emissions
Meaning: to reduce the amount of gases sent out into the air

Example: People must be made aware of the need tocut down on emissions
from their cars if we are to reduce air pollution.
6. global warming
Meaning: the process by which the Earth is getting hotter, as a result of the
greenhouse effect in particular the increase in carbon dioxide in the air.
Example: Perhaps the major environmental challenge which faces humanity
today is global warming, because it threatens our survival.
7. the greenhouse effect

Meaning: the natural process by which the sun warms the surface of the Earth.
Example: Our burning of fossil fuels is increasing the greenhouse effect and
making the Earth hotter, endangering all life on the planet.
8. to deplete natural resources

Meaning: To reduce the amount of natural resources.
Example: Timber companies must not be allowed to deplete naturalresources
by cutting down trees without planting new trees to replace them.
9. to reduce the dependence/reliance on fossil fuels

Meaning: to decrease peoples consumption of fossil fuels, like oil, coal or gas.
Example: Governments must invest heavily in solar and wind energy projects in
order to reduce our dependence/reliance on fossil fuels.
10. international bodies

Meaning: organizations which operate in many countries
Example: National governments ought to give funds to international bodies,
like the Red Cross and the United Nations, to deal with emergency situations.
11. to exert pressure on
Meaning: to use power to influence somebody or something
Example: Environmental organisations should exert pressure on governments
to invest in renewable energy projects.
12. to introduce restrictions on
Meaning: to limit what people can do or what can happen
Example: The government must introduce restrictions on smoking in public
places.
13. high on the agenda

Meaning: something which is among the first things in the list of actions to be
taken
Example: The rehabilitation of prisoners must be high on the agenda of prison
authorities everywhere.
14. congestion charge
Meaning: an amount of money that people have to pay for driving their cars into
the centre of some cities, as a way of stopping the city centre from becoming
too full of traffic
Example: More cities should follow the example of London and introduce a
congestion charge in order to ease traffic flow in the city centre.
15. to allocate resources to

Meaning: to make money and materials available to do something
Example: If governments allocate more resources to improving public
transport, this will reduce the problem of traffic congestion in cities.
16. alternative energy sources
Meaning: refers to any energy source that is an alternative to fossil fuel
Example: Clean energy which does not pollute the Earth can only come from
greater reliance on alternative energy sources.
17. to achieve sustainable development

Meaning: economic development that is achieved without depleting natural
resources
Example: Organic methods must be introduced everywhere in order to achieve
sustainable development in agriculture.
18. to be a government priority

Meaning: something which is so important that the government should deal
with it first.
Example: In developing countries, spending on health and education should be
top government priorities.
19. renewable energy
Meaning: energy is renewable when it source, like the sun or wind, cannot be
exhausted or can easily be replaced (like wood, as we can plant trees for energy)

Example: More funding is required from government funds to help companies
to develop renewable energy, such as companies which produce solar panels
for buildings.
4. Task 2: Some people think that good health is a basic human need, so
the medical service should not be run by profit-making companies. Do you
think the disadvantages of privatehealth care outweigh the advantages?
[HEALTH]
Essay Plan:
Introduction: Private health care is popular. Despite some

drawbacks, there are more adv than disadv of private health care
Paragraph 2: disadvantages: [1] high costs if private health care is
not regulated -examples: prescription charges, use of expensive equipment
[2] quality of care may suffer if profits determine care/treatment decisions
Paragraph 3: advantages: [1] speed no long waiting lists for
treatment/check-ups [2] may provide health care services to remote areas
where health care is not accessible.
Conclusion: the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
Dch
Hng dn lm bi:
M u: dch v y t t nhn rt ph bin, cho d c nhiu bt li nhng li th

vn nhiu hn.
on 2: bt li: cc dch v y t t nhn s rt tn km nu nh khng c s

iu chnh, v d nh chi ph tr cho vic k n hoc cc thit b t tin.
Ngoi ra, cht lng dch v kh c th c m bo nu nh li nhun l yu
t tc ng n s iu tr.
on 3: li th: khng phi i lu v c th i n nhng vng ho lnh ni y

t cng cng khng vn ti.
Kt lun: li th t i nhng bt li

In recent years, privately-operated health sevices have been a popular
alternative to public health care agencies. Personally, despite their drawbacks, I
would argue that more private medical services should be provided on the basis
of their evident merits.
On the one hand, private medical treatment has its own negative impacts. The
biggest drawback to private-owned hospitals is the exorbitant cost patients have
to pay. When governments do not introduce restrictions on such costs, many
private institutions set high fees for services such as prescriptions charges or
using high-tech machines in the operating theatre, which effectively
discriminates against those on low or modest incomes who cannot afford the
costs for care and treatment. Additionally, as the ultimate aim of these agencies
is to gain profits, it is possible that they will focus more on quantity rather than
quality. With seemingly less qualified and less experienced medical
practitioners, private hospitals might not come up to patients expectations.
On the other hand, there are justifiable reasons why privately-run health care
institutions should be made available. Firstly, they provide faster services,
unlike public health services where there is often a long waiting list. Therefore,
it is less time-consuming for either patients with life-threatening diseases or
those coming for aregular check-up to get the treatment they want. Secondly,
private healthcare institutions could be a practical alternative to state-funded
ones in remote areas. If more of these agencies were established in less
accessible regions, more people would be able to enjoy improved health care,
especially those from minority groups who barely receive any primary health
care at present.
In conclusion, despite the drawbacks of medical services being provided by
profit-making corporations, I believe the benefits outweigh the disadvantages
and that people should take out private health insurance for better access to
health care.
298 words
Dch
Trong nhng nm gn y, cc dch v y t t nhn ang dn tr thnh mt s

thay th ph bin cho cc n v y t cng cng. D cho cn nhiu hn ch

nhng c nhn ti cho rng cc dch v y t t ny nn c trin khai rng hn
nh vo nhng u im ca chng.
Mt mt, cc dch v cha tr t ny vn c nhng nh hng tiu cc ring.

Hn ch ln nht ca bnh vin t chnh l ci gi qu cao m bnh nhn phi
chi tr. Khi m chnh ph khng a ra gii hn cho nhng mc gi, cc vin t
s t t ra nhng mc ph cao cho cc vic nh k n hoc s dng my mc
cng ngh cao trong phu thut, iu ny ging nh s phn bit i x vi
nhng ngi c thu nhp thp khng iu kin chi tr. Thm vo , v
mc ch sau cng ca nhng n v ny l li nhun, nn h c th s tp trung
vo s lng nhiu hn l cht lng. Vi nhng nhn vin y t c v nh l t
bng cp v kinh nghim hn, dch v y t t nhn kh m p ng c k
vng ca bnh nhn. Mt khc, li c nhng l do chnh ng bin cc c
quan y t t nhn tr nn kh dng hn. u tin, so vi nhng dch v cng
cng lun khin bnh nhn phi ch i, cc dch v t phc v nhanh hn.
iu ny gip tit kim thi gian cho c nhng bnh nhn khn cp v c nhng
bnh nhn n kim tra thng thng. Th hai, dch v y t t nhn l mt s
thay th thit thc cho y t cng cng nhng vng ho lnh. Nu nh c
trin khai nhng khu vc xa xi, nhiu ngi dn s c c hi c tn hng
dch v y t tin b, bit chng s gip cho nhng ngi dn tc thiu s c
c nhng s chm sc cn bn m trc y h khng c.
Tm li, d cho vn cn mt s bt li, ti cho rng ngi dn nn tip cn

nhng dch v y t t nhn c chm sc sc kho tt hn.
Vocabulary
Nhng t thuc ch Health (sch collocations Ngc Bch)
1. prescription charges
Meaning: the money paid by a patient to receive medicines authorised by a
doctor.
Example: In Britain, the government has abolished prescription charges for
elderly people, so that they no longer pay for the medicines they need.
Dch i
Prescription charges: tin thuc
Ngha: tin tr c nhn thuc k n bi bc s

V d: Ti Anh, chnh ph ti tr tin thuc k n cho ngi gi, nn h khng
phi tr tin thuc na.
2. operating theatre
Meaning: a room in a hospital where doctors carry out surgery on patients
Example: Safe hygiene standards are important throughout any hospital, but
particularly in an operating theatre.
Dch i
Operating theatre: phng m
Ngha: 1 phng trong bnh vin ni bc s tin hnh phu thut cho bnh nhn
V d: Cc tiu chun v sinh an ton l rt quan trng trong bnh vin ca ti,
c bit l trong phng m.
3. medical practitioner
Meaning: a person who works as a doctor or surgeon
Example: It is essential to train more medical practitioners if public health is
to be improved.
Dch i
Medical practitioner: ngi hnh ngh y
Ngha: bc s, bc s phu thut
V d: Cn phi o to nhiu nhng ngi hnh ngh y sc khe cng ng
c th c ci thin.
4. public health services
Meaning: the agencies funded by the government to protect and promote the
health of the population
Example: I would argue that funding for public health services should be the
main priority of all governments.
Dch i
Public health services: Dch v y t cng cng
Ngha: Nhng t chc c chnh ph ti tr bo v v chm sc sc khe
cho cng ng.
V d: Ti cho rng ti tr cho dch v y t cng cng nn l u tin chnh ca
mi quc gia.
5. life-threatening conditions
Meaning: illnesses which are likely to kill somebody
Example: Great advances have been made in the treatment of life-threatening
conditions such as cancer and heart disease.
Dch i

Life-threatening conditions: e da tnh mng
Ngha: bnh e da ti mng sng
V d: c nhng bc tin ln trong vic iu tr nhng cn bnh e da tnh
mng con ngi nh ung th v bnh tim.
6. to have a regular check-up
Meaning: to have a regular examination carried out by a doctor or dentist
Example: In order to identify health problems at an early stage, people should
have a regular check-up so that preventive measures can be taken if necessary.
Dch i
To have a regular check-up: khm bnh thng xuyn
Ngha: c cuc kim tra nh k tin hnh bi bc s
V d: xc nh cc vn sc khe giai on u, mi ngi nn i khm
bnh thng xuyn c th c cc bin php ngn chn nu cn thit.
7. primary health care
Meaning: the medical treatment that you receive first when you are sick or ill,
for example from your doctor or local clinic.
Example: Developing countries must allocate resources to establish primary
health care clinics in rural areas and overcrowded city districts.
Dch i
Primary health care: chm sc sc khe c bn
Ngha: s iu tr bn nhn c u tin nu b m hay bnh tt, v d nh t
bc s hay phng khm t ca bn.
V d: Nhng quc gia ang pht trin cn phn b ngun lc thnh lp
nhng phng khm t chm sc sc khe c bn ti khu th v nhng thnh
ph qu ng dn c.
8. to take out private health insurance
Meaning: to make regular payments to an insurance company, who will pay for
medical or hospital treatment when you need it
Example: In countries with poor public health services, many people have to
take out private health insurance in order to receive adequate medical
treatment.
Dch i
To take out private health insurance: ng k bo him y t t nhn
Ngha: tr tin bo him thng xuyn cho 1 cng ty bo him, ni s tr tin
vin ph v thuc thang cho bn khi cn

V d: nhng quc gia c dch v y t cng cng km pht trin, nhiu ngi
phi ng k bo him y t t nhn nhn c s chm sc y t thch hp.
Nhng t thuc ch Society (sch collocations Ngc Bch)

1. to discrimate against
Meaning: to treat one person or group worse than another in an unfair way
Example: It is illegal to discriminate against people because of their colour.
2. minority groups
Meaning: small groups within a community that are different because of their
origin, religion, language or traditions
Example: Children from minority groups are sometimes victims of bullying at
school.
Dch i
Minority groups: dn tc thiu s
Ngha: mt nhm ngi nh trong cng ng c s khc bit v ngun gc, tn
gio, ngn ng v vn ha
V d: Cc tr em dn tc thiu s thnh thong l nn nhn ca vic b bt nt
trng.
Nhng t thuc ch Government (sch collocations Ngc Bch)

1. to introduce restrictions on
Meaning: to limit what people can do or what can happen
Example: The government must introduce restrictions on drinking and
driving.
5. (16/04/2016) Task 2: In the future, it seems it will bemore difficult to

live on the Earth. Some people think more money should be spent on
researching other planets to live, such as Mars. To what extent do you agree
or disagree with this statement? [SPACE_GOVERNMENT]
It is beyond question that our planet will soon become unable to support human
life. While some people argue that no more spending should allocated to
research on Mars or other possible planets on which to live, I believe that such
expenditure is essential.

There are related and important reasons why our planet is facing an ecological
crisis, which will result in the extinction of most species, including humans.
Firstly, the world population will soon reach 10 billion, putting an enormous
strain on the environment and accelerating habitat destruction and pollution.
Secondly, this growing population is depleting -and will eventually exhaust -
natural resources on our planet. Already,for example, areas in Africa and Asia
lack water and desertification is spreading. Finally, the public has remained
apathetic while governments have failed to take action on global warming and
to fight climate change, processes which have now become irreversible.
Governments must therefore pour money into space research urgently. It will
take time and vast resources to launch space rockets, space probes and space
shuttles and to fund manned test flights. These are necessary technological
steps in the quest for a new homeland capable of sustaining human life. Such
steps are, however, extremely costly as, for example, the international space
station can only be maintained through funding by many nations. While that
new homeland is unlikely to be Mars itself, the goal of the conquest of space
should be to find new planets which might support life and save the human
species from extinction.
In conclusion, I would argue that mankind is destroying the basis of life on

Earth, and governments must therefore spend every available dollar on research
into finding alternative habitable planets.
277 words
Dch
C mt iu r rng l trong tng lai khng xa, tri t s khng cn c th

nui dng con ngi c na. Trong khi nhiu ngi cho rng chng ta
khng nn tn tin cho vic tm kim mt hnh tinh khc sng, v nh sao
Ho, ti li tin rng khon chi ny l cn thit.
C nhiu l do quan trng lin quan n nhau ch ra rng hnh tinh ca ta

ang i mt vi mt thm ho sinh thi, ci m s dn n s tit chng ca
nhiu loi bao gm c con ngi. u tin, dn s th gii s sm t mc 10 t
v gy ra p lc ln ln mi trng cng nh lm gia tng s huy dit mi

trng sng v nhim. Th hai, dn s tng nhanh ang lm gim v s lm
cn kit ngun ti nguyn thin nhin ca hnh tinh ny. Nhiu ni chu v
chu Phi cn nc v s sa mc ho ang lan rng. Cui cng, trong khi
ngi dn t ra v cm th chnh ph tht bi trong vic ngn cn s nng ln
ton cu v chin u vi bin i kh hu, nhng tin trnh nay khng th
o ngc c na.
V th m chnh ph nn rt tin vo vic nghin cu v tr ngay lp tc. S tn

nhiu thi gian v ngun lc khng l a tn la, tu thm d, tu con thoi
vo v tr cng nh h tr tin cho nhng chuyn bay th nghim. l nhng
bc i quan trng v mt cng ngh gip loi ngi tm ra mt mi nh mi
cho chnh mnh. Du vy, nhng bc tin ny li rt tn km v i hi s h
tr ti chnh t nhiu quc gia, v d nh trm bay quc t. Mc d c th mi
nh mi ca con ngi s khng phi sao Ho, mc ch ca cng cuc chinh
phc khng gian vn l tm ra mt hnh tinh mi c th gip loi ngi trnh
ho tit chng.
Tm li, ti cho rng loi ngi ang dn hu hoi mi ngun sng trn tri t
v v th, chnh ph nn chi mi ngun tin c th tm ra mt mi trng
sng mi
Hng dn vit bi
Dng bi: Opinion
Yu cu bi: Trong tng lai, vic sinh sng trn Tri t c l s kh khn
hn. Mt s ngi cho rng vic nghin cu v cc hnh tinh khc sinh sng
nh sao Ha cn c u t nhiu tin hn. a ra kin (ng hoc khng
ng ) v vn .
kin: D nhiu ngi cho rng khng nn u t nhiu tin hn na cho vic
nghin cu cc hnh tinh khc sinh sng, ti tin rng iu ny l cp thit.
M bi (2 cu)
Cu 1: It is beyond question that our planet will soon become unable to support
human life.

- Paraphrasing the topic: Dn dt vo ch bn lun. Vit da trn bi
cho nhng s dng ngn t khc.
Cu 2: While some people argue that no more spending should allocated to
research on Mars or other possible planets on which to live, I believe that such
expenditure is essential.
- Thesis statement: Nu kin ca bn thn v vn (hon ton ng ).
Thn bi (2 on)
on 1: Nu 3 l do v sao Tri t ang i mt vi khng khong sinh
thi.
Cu 1: There are related and important reasons why our planet is facing an
ecological crisis, which will result in the extinction of most species, including
humans.
- Topic sentence: Cu ch ca on, nu ni dung chnh ca on - C
mt s l do ti sao Tri t ang khng hong sinh thi v c th dn n s
tuyt chng ca hu ht cc loi, bao gm con ngi.
Cu 2: Firstly, the world population will soon reach 10 billion, putting an
enormous strain on the environment and accelerating habitat destruction and
pollution.
- Reason 1: Nu l do th nht - Dn s qu ng, gy sc ln ln mi
trng v gia tng hy hoi mi trng sng v nhim mi trng.
Cu 3: Secondly, this growing population is depleting - and will eventually
exhaust - natural resources on our planet.
- Reason 2: Nu l do th hai - Dn s ngy cng cao ang khai thc qu
nhiu v dn dn s s dng ht ti nguyn thin nhin.
Cu 4: Already, for example, areas in Africa and Asia lack water and
desertification is spreading.
- Supporting sentence for reason 2: Nu v d cho l do th hai - Nhiu
vng Chu Phi v Chu thiu nc v s sa mc ha ang dn lan rng.
Cu 5: Finally, the public has remained apathetic while governments have failed
to take action on global warming and to fight climate change, processes which
have now become irreversible.
- Reason 3: Nu l do th ba - Cng chng h hng cn cc chnh ph tht
bi trong vic khc phc nng ln ton cu v chng li thay i kh hu, nhng
qu trnh m by gi khng th quay ngc li c na.

on 2: Nu l do v sao cc chnh ph cn u t vo nghin cu v tr
ngay lp tc.
Cu 1: Governments must therefore pour money into space research urgently.
- Topic sentence: Cu ch ca on, nu ni dung chnh ca on - Cc
chnh ph cn chi tin cho nghin cu v tr khn cp.
Cu 2: It will take time and vast resources to launch space rockets, space probes
and space shuttles and to fund manned test flights.
- Reason: L do - Vic phng tn la, tu thm d v tr v tu khng gian
cng vi vic cp ph cho cc chuyn du hnh v tr tn rt nhiu thi gian v
ti nguyn.
Cu 3: These are necessary technological steps in the quest for a new homeland
capable of sustaining human life.
- Supporting sentence 1: L lun - y l nhng bc quan trng trong
cng cuc tm kim mt vng t mi c th cung cp ngun sng cho con
ngi.
Cu 4: Such steps are, however, extremely costly as, for example, the
international space station can only be maintained through funding by many
nations.
- Supporting sentence 2: L lun - Nhng bc trn u v cng t , v
d nhng trm v tr khng gian ch c th c duy tr trn s h tr v kinh
ph ca nhiu quc gia.
Cu 5: While that new homeland is unlikely to be Mars itself, the goal of the
conquest of space should be to find new planets which might support life and
save the human species from extinction.
- Supporting sentence 3: L lun - D vng t mi sinh sng c th
khng phi l sao Ha, mc tiu ca vic chinh phc v tr nn hng ti vic
tm ra nhng hnh tinh mi c th cung cp s sng v cu loi ngoi khi s
tuyt chng.
Kt bi (1 cu)
In conclusion, I would argue that mankind is destroying the basis of life on
Earth, and governments must therefore spend every available dollar on research
into finding alternative habitable planets.
- Nhn mnh li quan im nhc ti trong thesis statement bng ngn t
khc.

Gii thch ng php v t vng
1. It is beyond question that our planet will soon become unable to support
human life.
- It is beyond question that + clause = It is
undoubted/unquestionable/indisputable that + clause: iu g / ci g l
khng th tranh ci
2. There are related and important reasons why our planet is facing an
ecological crisis, which will result in the extinction of most species, including
humans.
- To face something = to encounter something = to confront something = to
have to deal with something: i mt vi iu g
To face en ecological crisis: i mt vi khng hong sinh thi
- To result in something = to lead to something = to cause: Khin iu g
xy ra
Result in the extinction of most species: dn n s tuyt chng ca hu ht
cc loi
3. Firstly, the world population will soon reach 10 billion, putting an enormous
strain on the environment and accelerating habitat destruction and pollution.
- To put a strain on something/somebody = to put a burden on
something/somebody: t gnh nng ln, gy sc p ln ln ci g / ai
Put an enormous strain on the environment: gy sc p ln ln mi trng
4. Secondly, this growing population is depleting -and will eventually
exhaust - natural resources on our planet.
- To deplete something = to drain something: Bn rt, rt cn, tiu hao ci
g
Deplete natural resources: tiu hao ti nguyn thin nhin
5. Finally, the public has remained apathetic while governments have failed to
take action on global warming and to fight climate change, processes which
have now become irreversible.
- To remain apathetic = to remain indifferent = to remain nonchalant: T
thi h hng, khng quan tm
The public has remained apathetic: cng chng t thi h hng
6. Governments must therefore pour money into space research urgently.
- To pour money into something = to invest in something: u t cho iu
g
Pour money into space research: u t cho nghin cu v tr

- S + (must/should/have to/etc) + therefore + V = Therefore, S +
(must/should/have to/etc) + V: Ai nn lm iu g
7. These are necessary technological steps in the quest for a new homeland
capable of sustaining human life.
- The quest for something = the search for something: Cng cuc tm kim
ci g
the quest for a new homeland: cng cuc tm kim vng t sinh sng mi
8. Such steps are, however, extremely costly as, for example, the international
space station can only be maintained through funding by many nations.
- N + to be, however, adj/ N, however, V = However, N + to be + adj/ N +
V: Tuy nhin, ...
Such steps are, however, extremely costly = However, such steps are
extremely costly
- Such a/an + adj + N = So + adj + a/an N
- N + can only be maintained through V-ing: Ci g ch c th c duy tr
da vo/bng ...
9. While that new homeland is unlikely to be Mars itself, the goal of the
conquest of space should be to find new planets which might support life and
save the human species from extinction.
- While/Whilst + clause, clause: Trong khi , th ....
- Although/Despite the fact that/Inspite of the fact that + clause, clause:
Mc d/D/Tuy nhng .
6. (29/04/2017) Task 2: Some people say that what children watch influences
their behaviour. Others believe the amount of time they spend on television
influences their behaviour most. Discuss both view and give your opinion.
[T VNG NHIU TOPIC]
Essay Plan:
Introduction: difficult to decide which has more effect. My opinion

it is the content of the programs
Paragraph 2: bad consequences of watching too much TV [1]
children become addicted to TV for entertainment. Result they neglect
outdoor activities and adopt sedentary habits [2] children who watch too

much TV have less interaction with people around them. Result they
dont develop social skills.
Paragraph 3: bad consequences of watching many programs on TV
[1] imitating improper behavior examples: drugs, casual sex, violence [2]
commercials examples junk food and video games, which children then
pester parents to buy
Conclusion: content is the more important, so parents must control
what children watch on TV.
Dn bi
M bi: kh ni rng ci no c nh hng nhiu hn, theo ti l

ni dung ca cc chng trnh.
on 2: Nhng hu qu xu ca vic xem TV qu nhiu [1] tr em
nghin xem TV gii tr, kt qu l chng b qua cc hot ng ngoi tri v
c thi quen li vn ng [2] tr em xem TV qu nhiu c t tng tc vi mi
ngi xung quanh hn nn khng pht trin k nng mm.
on 3: hu qu xu ca vic xem nhiu chng trnh trn TV [1] bt
chc nhng hnh ng khng ph hp nh dung thuc, sex, bo lc [2] cc
qung co nh v n vt hay games khin tr em i b m mua cho
Kt lun: Ni dung quan trng hn, nn cha m cn kim sot nhng g
con mnh xem c trn TV.
Essay
While it is clear that watching TV affects children, it is difficult to determine

whether it is the content of the programs or the length of time spent watching
them that has a more significant impact on children. In my opinion, although the
amount of time does affect youngsters, it is the content of the programs that has
a more marked influence on them.
On the one hand, the consequences of watching TV for long periods of time can
be deleterious. Firstly, the longer children are exposed to TV programs, the
more likely it is for them to become addicted to watching television. When
children become over-reliant on television for entertainment, they might
neglect engagement in outdoor activities, resulting in a sedentary lifestyle that

is highly detrimental to their physical health. More importantly, excessive
TV watching impairs childrens communication abilities, so they find it hard to
play or live in harmony with others. Children would feel discouraged from
having real interactions with people around them if they spent too much time
in front of the screen, which may hinder their development of social skills.
On the other hand, it is the broadcasted images that have the most direct effects
on young viewers. First, in most countries the majority of TV shows present
glamorized depictions of inappropriate materials such as violence, drug abuse or
casual sex, thus youngsters may adopt unhealthy habits and improper behavior.
For example, they might fall under the impression that the use of alcoholic
drinks is fashionable without being aware of the health risks they carry and
later end up consuming these substances. Besides, in our modern consumer
society, commercials also affect how children behave. Unwary young viewers
could be easily swayed by captivating advertisements for junk food or video
games, products whose target audience includes children, and so may pester
their parents to buy these goods impulsively.
In conclusion, though both factors have their own implications, I believe the
element with more considerable impacts on children is the content. Hence,
parental involvement is essential in controlling childrens TV viewing habits
and in shaping a childs values to help them enter adult life with a healthy
mind.
360 words
Bi mu
R rng l vic xem TV nh hng n tr em, nhng rt kh xc nh ni

dung cc chng trnh hay thi gian xem TV nh hng nhiu hn . Theo ti,
d thi gian xem thc s nh hng n tr, nhng ni dung cc chng trnh
c sc nh hng ng k hn.
Mt mt, hu qu ca vic xem TV trong thi gian di l rt nguy him. u

tin, tr em cng tip cn nhiu vi cc chng trnh TV, kh nng cng cao
chng s tr nn nghin xem cc chng trnh . Khi tr qu ph thuc vo
TVcho vic gii tr, chng c th s b qua cc hot ng ngoi tri, dn n li
sng b ng vn rt c hi cho sc khe c th ca chng. Quan trng hn,
xem TV qu nhiu cn tr n kh nng giao tip ca tr, khin chng thy kh

m chi hay sng ha hp vi ngi khc. Tr em s thy khng cn c nhng
giao tip thc s vi mi ngi xung quanh nu chng dnh qu nhiu thi gian
xem TV, vic c th cn tr s pht trin cc k nng x hi ca chng.
Mt khc, cc hnh nh truyn hnh c nhng nh hng trc tip nht n

nhng ngi xem t tui. u tin, a s cc nc, a s cc show truyn hnh
c s m t lch lc v nhng th khng thch hp nh bo lc, nghin thuc
hay tnh dc, khin ngi tr c th c nhng thi quen khng lnh mnh v
hnh vi khng thch hp. V d, chng c th c n tng rng nc ung c
cn l snh iu m khng nhn thc c nhng him ha chng mang ti, v
c th s dng nhng sn phm . Ngoi ra, trong x hi ngi tiu dung hin
i, qung co cng nh hng n c x ca tr. Nhng ngi xem khng thn
trng c th d dng b nh hng bi nhng qung co hp dn v n vt
hay game, cc sn phm m th trng khch hang mc tiu bao gm tr em, v
t tr s i hi b m mua nhng sn phm mt cch thiu suy ngh.
Kt lun l, d c 2 yu t u c nhng nh hng nht nh, ti tin rng

yu t quan trng hn l ni dung. V th, s can thip ca cha m trong vic
kim sot thi quen xem TV ca con v hnh thnh c tnh ca tr gip
chng bc vo cuc sng trng thnh vi nhng suy ngh, thi quen lnh
mnh l rt cn thit.
Vocabulary:
Health
1. to be addicted to sth
Meaning: to be unable to stop taking harmful drugs, tobacco or alcohol.
Example: More specialist clinics, offering treatment and advice, are required to
help people who are addicted to drugs.
Dch i
To be addicted to sth: nghin ci g
Ngha: khng th ngng vic s dng thuc c hi, thuc l hay c cn.
V d: Ngy cng c nhiu nhng phng khm t a khoa cung cp vic cha
tr v li khuyn cho nhng ngi nghin ngp.
2. sedentary lifestyle
Meaning: involving little exercise or physical activity

Example: A sedentary lifestyle is a major factor in health problems such as
obesity and heart disease.
Dch i
Sedentary lifestyle: phong cch sng thiu vn ng
Ngha: t hoc gn nh khng tp th thao v cc hot ng tay chn khc
V d: Sng thiu vn ng l yu t chnh dn n cc vn v sc khe nh
bo ph v cc bnh v tim.
3. to be detrimental to health
Meaning: to be harmful to health
Example: Lying in the sun for too long can be detrimental to health and result
in skin cancers.
Dch i
To be detrimental to health: c hi cho sc khe
Ngha: c hi cho sc khe
V d: Nm di nh mt tri qu lu c th c hi cho sc khe v dn ti ung
th da.
4. to carry health risks
Meaning: to have effects which could be bad for ones health
Example: Smoking and drinking alchohol are potentially dangerous habits,
because they carry serious health risks.
Dch i
To carry health risks: mang him ha ti sc khe
Ngha: c nhng nh hng xu ti sc khe con ngi
V d: Ht thuc v ung ru l nhng thi quen tim n nguy him v chng
mang him ha ti sc khe.
Communication & Personality
1. to live in harmony with one another
Meaning: to live with others in a way which avoids conflict or disagreement
Example: The students who share the house are all good friends and they are
able to live in harmony with one another.
Technology
1. to become over-reliant on
Meaning: to need something so that your survival or success depends too much
on it
Example: Businesses have become over-reliant on complicated computer
systems, so that if these systems fail the results will be disastrous.

Dch i
To become over-reliant on: qu ph thuc vo
Ngha: cn ci g qu mc cho s tn ti hay thnh cng ca bn
V d: Cc nh kinh doanh qu ph thuc vo h thng my tnh phc tp,
nn nu h thng ny tht bi, kt qu s rt ti t.
2. discourage real interaction
Meaning: to result in less face-to-face communication with other people
Example: the availability of new communication technologies may also have
the result of isolating people and discouraging real interaction.
Dch i
Discourage real interaction: cn tr s tng tc trc tip
Ngha: dn n vic giao tip trc tip gia ngi vi ngi ngy cng t i
V d: S sn c ca nhng cng ngh giao tip mi c th s c lp con ngi
v cn tr s tng tc trc tip.
Society
1. to develop social skills
Meaning: to become better at communicating and interacting in different
situations
Example: Playing team sports at school helps children to develop social skills
which will help them in adult life.
Dch i
To develop social skills: pht trin cc k nng x hi
Ngha: giao tip v ng x tt hn trong cc tnh hung khc nhau
V d: Chi cc mn th thao nhm trng gip tr em pht trin cc k nng
x hi phc v cuc sng ca chng khi trng thnh.
2. the consumer society
Meaning: a society in which buying and selling are considered extremely
important
Example: Money and possessions are considered to be more important than
family and friends in todays consumer society.
Advertising
1. to be wary of something
Meaning: not completely trusting or certain about something
Example: Consumers must always be wary of the claims made in
advertisements, because such claims are often exagerrated or untrue.

Dch i
To be wary of sth: thn trng vi ci g
Ngha: khng hon ton tin tng hay chc chn v ci g
V d: Ngi tiu th phi lun thn trng vi nhng tuyn b trong cc qung
co, v nhng li thng ni qu ln hoc khng ng s tht.
2. to be swayed by advertisements
Meaning: to be influenced to buy things as a result of advertising
Example: If consumers were not easily swayed by advertisements, the
advertising industry would not exist.
Dch i
To be swayed by advertisements: b dao ng bi qung co
Ngha: b nh hng khi mua hng bi qung co
V d: Nu ngi tiu dng khng d b dao ng bi qung co th ngnh cng
nghip qung co khng tn ti.
3. target audience
Meaning: consumers whom businesses aim at when selling their products
Example: Companies which sell soft drinks, like Coca Cola, aim mainly at a
target audience of children and adolescents.
Dch i
Target audience: khch hng mc tiu
Ngha: nhng ngi tiu dng m nh kinh doanh nhm n bn c sn
phm
V d: Cc cng ty bn nc gii kht nh Coca Cola ch yu nhm ti khch
hng mc tiu l tr em v tr v thnh nin.
4. to buy goods impulsively
Meaning: to buy things suddenly without any planning and without considering
the effects they may have
Example: Advertising motivates consumers to buy goods impulsively.
Dch i
To buy goods impulsively: mua hng mt cch bc ng
Ngha: t ngt mua g m khng c k hoch hay cn nhc n hiu qu
ca chng
V d: Qung co kch ng ngi tiu dng mua hng mt cch bc ng.
Family & children
7. parental involvement

Meaning: the act or process of parents when taking part in their childrens
activities.
Example: Parental involvement allows parents to monitor school and
classroom activities, and to coordinate their efforts with teachers to encourage
acceptable classroom behavior and ensure that the child completes schoolwork.
Dch i
Parental involvement: s can thip/ tham gia ca cha m
Ngha: vic cha m tham gia vo cc hot ng ca con ci
V d: S tham gia ca cha m cho php ph huynh theo di cc hot ng ti
trng lp, v cng n lc hp tc vi gio vin khuyn khch cc hot ng
ti lp cng nh m bo con h hon thnh bi tp c giao.
8. to shape a childs personality/ value
Meaning: to decide or influence the form of a childs personality
Example: Parents are very influential in shaping their childrens personality
through the example that they set.
Dch i
To shape a childs personality/ value: hnh thnh tnh cch
Ngha: quyt inh v nh hng n vic hnh thnh tnh cch ai
V d: Cha m c nh hng rt ln n vic hnh thnh tnh cch ca tr con
thng qua nhng vic h lm mu.
9. to enter adult life
Meaning:the stage when adolescents are almost old enough to be legally
independent of their parents
Example: Parents who have devoted time and thought to raising and educating
their children have given them a good prepartion to enter adult life.
Dch i
To enter adult life: bc vo th gii ngi ln
Ngha: giai on khi thanh nin tui c t lp
V d: Nhng cha m dnh nhiu thi gian v suy ngh nui dy con ci
chun b cho h tht tt bc vo th gii ngi ln.
10.Task 2: Some people think that governments should ban dangerous

sports, while others think people should have freedom to do any sports
or activity. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.
[SPORT_GOVERNMENT]

Essay Plan:
Introduction: admit the dangers of extreme sports; agree with those who
think that people should be free to take part in them
Paragraph 2: 1st view: two reasons to ban [1] safety people may die or be
badly injured [2] some people who take part are too inexperienced or unfit.
Paragraph 3: 2nd view: agree the sports should not be banned [1] safety
measures experienced instructors should supervise: examples - scuba
diving/paragliding [2] good protective equipment and clothes are now
available to make sports safer.
Conclusion: allow people to do dangerous sports, but act responsibly.
Dch
cng bi vit
M u: tha nhn s nguy him ca mt s mn th thao cc oan, ng
rng mi ngi c quyn t do tham gia nu h mun.
on 2: quan im 1: c 2 l do phn i: 1 l s an ton, ngi ta c th
cht hoc b thng nng; 2 l mt s ngi c qu t kinh nghim hoc khng
ph hp.
on 3: quan im 2: ng rng th thao mo him khng nn b cm: 1 l
nh vo cc bin php an ton, hun luyn vin c kinh nghim nn gim st, v
d nh trong mn ln hoc d ln; 2 l c nhiu loi qun o v thit b bo h
tt gip cho th thao an ton hn.
Kt lun: cho php mi ngi chi th thao mo him nhng phi c trch
nhim vi bn thn.
It is true that there is widespread concern over the practice of extreme sports,
to the extent that some people argue that they should be outlawed by
government legislation.While nobody should underestimate the risks, I would
argue that people should be free to practice such sports if they so wish.
On the one hand, critics of dangerous sports give strong reasons why
governments should impose an official ban on such activities. Firstly, they
argue that such a measure is necessary on safety grounds. There have been
numerous incidents where members of rescue services have had to put their own
lives at risk to save extreme sports enthusiasts who are in life-threatening
situations. Secondly, it is necessary at times to infringe on personal freedoms

because people who lack the necessary experience or who are not in the peak
of physical condition sometimes take up dangerous sports. Such irresponsible
behaviour can only be prevented by banning these sports.
On the other hand, I concur with those who argue that people should be free to
do extreme sports, although I believe it is necessary for individuals to abide by
the safety rules. One reason is that the imposition of sensible safety measures
has been proven to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries. For example, all
sports which carry a significant element of danger, such as scuba diving or
paragliding should be supervised by an experienced and professionally qualified
instructor. Another factor is that there is now a range of essential sports gear to
protect those who practice dangerous sports. Such equipment ranges from
safety ropes and helmets to water-resistant clothing.
In conclusion, it seems to me that dangerous sports should be permitted,
although those who take part have a responsibilty to adhere to the
recommended safety procedures.
296 words.
Dch
Qu thc l hin gi c mt mi quan ngi ang lan rng v vic chi nhng
mn th thao mo him, n ni m nhiu ngi cho rng nh nc nn loi b
chng. D cho mi ngi khng nn nh gi thp nhng ri ro, ti cho rng
mi ngi nn c t do tham gia nu h thc s mun.
Mt mt, nhng ngi ch bai th thao mo him a ra nhng l do mnh m

cho vic nh nc a ra lnh cm chnh thc cho nhng mn th thao mo
him. Trc ht l v l do an ton. c nhiu trng hp cc thnh vin ca
cc i cu h phi t mng sng ca chnh mnh vo nguy khn cu nhng
ngi am m th thao mo him ang trong hon cnh nguy him n tnh
mng. Th hai, i lc s can thip vo t do c nhn ca ngi khc l cn
thit khi m h khng c kinh nghim cng nh iu kin th cht ph hp
chi th thao mo him. Nhng hnh ng v trch nhim nh vy ch c th
c ngn chn bng cch cm on.
Mt khc, ti ng vi nhng ai cho rng mi ngi nn c t do chn

mn th thao mo him h mun tham gia, mc d ti tin rng tng c nhn cn
tun theo nhng quy tc an ton. Mt l do l bi v s p t nhng bin php

an ton hp l cho thy s hiu qu trong vic gim thiu nguy c tai nn
hay b thng. V d, tt c cc mn th thao c yu t mo him nh ln hay
d ln nn c gim st bi nhng ngi hng dn c kinh nghim. Mt
yu t khc l hin nay c nhiu b dng c dng cho th thao mo him gip
m bo cho an ton ngi chi. Chng rt a dng, t ai bo h, m bo him
cho n qun o chng nc.
Tm li, i vi ti, nhng mn th thao mo him nn c cho php, v

nhng ngi tham gia chng phi c trch nhim tun th nhng quy tc an
ton c a ra.
Hng dn vit bi
Dng bi: Discuss + opinion essay
Yu cu bi: Mt s ngi cho rng chnh ph nn cm cc mn th thao
mo him tng khi mt s khc cho rng mi ngi nn c quyn t do quyt
nh tham gia bt c mn th thao hoc hot ng no. Bn lun v hai quan
im trn v a ra kin c nhn.
kin:
- Ti ngh rng cc mn th theo mo him nn c hn ch v 2 l do
sau ... (on 1 thn bi)
- Tuy nhin, mi ngi nn c t do la chn v 2 l do sau (on 2
thn bi)
M bi (3 cu)
Cu 1: It is true that there is widespread concern over the practice of extreme
sports, to the extent that some people argue that they should be outlawed by
government legislation.
- Paraphrasing the topic: Dn dt vo ch bn lun v a ra hai lung
kin cn c bn lun. Vit da trn bi cho nhng s dng ngn t
khc.
Cu 2: While nobody should underestimate the risks, I would argue that people
should be free to practice such sports if they so wish.
- Thesis statement: Nu kin ca bn thn v vn .
Thn bi (2 on)

on 1: Nu 2 l do v sao nn cm cc mn th thao mo him.
Cu 1: On the one hand, critics of dangerous sports give strong reasons why
governments should impose an official ban on such activities.
mt s l do ti sao chnh ph nn cm cc mn th thao mo him.
Cu 2: Firstly, they argue that such a measure is necessary on safety grounds.
- Idea 1: Nu l do th nht - Vn v an ton.
Cu 3: There have been numerous incidents where members of rescue services
have had to put their own lives at risk to save extreme sports enthusiasts who
are in life-threatening situations.
- Supporting sentence for idea 1: a ra v d cho idea 1 - C nhiu trng
hp cc nhn vin cu h phi gii cu nhng ngi m th thao mo him t
nhng tnh hung nguy him n tnh mng.
Cu 4: Secondly, it is necessary at times to infringe on personal freedoms
because people who lack the necessary experience or who are not in the peak
of physical condition sometimes take up dangerous sports.
- Idea 2: Nu l do th hai - Vn v vic thiu kinh nghim hoc iu
kin sc khe tham gia.
Cu 5: Such irresponsible behaviour can only be prevented by banning these
sports.
- Supporting sentence for idea 2: L lun cho idea 2 - Ch c th ngn
nhng ngi thiu kinh nghim v iu kin sc khe tham gia cc mn th
thao mo him bng cch cm chng.
on 2: Nu 2 l do v sao khng nn cm cc mn th thao mo him.

Cu 1: On the other hand, I concur with those who argue that people should be
free to do extreme sports, although I believe it is necessary for individuals to
abide by the safety rules.
mt s l do ti sao chnh ph khng nn cm cc mn th thao mo him.
Cu 2: One reason is that the imposition of sensible safety measures has been
proven to minimize the risk of accidents and injuries.
- Idea 1: Nu l do th nht - c nhng bin php v quy nh v an
ton khi tham gia cc mn th thao mo him gim thiu nguy c tai nn.

Cu 3: For example, all sports which carry a significant element of danger, such
as scuba diving or paragliding should be supervised by an experienced and
professionally qualified instructor.
- Supporting sentence for idea 1: a ra v d - Nhng mn th thao mang
tnh mo him cao u cn phi c s gim st ca mt ngi hng dn
chuyn nghip v giu kinh nghim.
Cu 4: Another factor is that there is now a range of essential sports gear to
protect those who practice dangerous sports.
- Idea 2: Nu l do th hai - C c s cc dng c th thao bo v
nhng ngi tham gia th thao mo him.
Cu 5: Such equipment ranges from safety ropes and helmets to water-resistant
clothing.
- Supporting sentence for idea 2: a ra v d v cc dng c - Dy
thng, m bo him v qun o chng nc.
Kt bi (1 cu)
In conclusion, it seems to me that dangerous sports should be permitted,
- Nhn mnh li quan im nhc ti trong thesis statement bng ngn t
khc.
Gii thch ng php v t vng:

1. On the other hand, I concur with those who argue that people should be
free to do extreme sports, although I believe it is necessary for individuals to
abide by the safety rules.
- To be free to V/ To have the freedom to V: c quyn t do lm g
People should be free to do extreme sport: mi ngi nn c t do tham gia
cc mn th thao mo him
- To abide by something (laws, rules, etc): lm ng theo hng dn, lut
hay yu cu
...to abide by the safety rules: lm theo quy nh an ton
2. Another factor is that there is now a range of essential sports gear to protect
those who practice dangerous sports.
- To practice something = to do something: thc hnh, vn dung, lm mt
iu g

To practice dangerous sports: chi cc mn th thao mo him
3. In conclusion, it seems to me that dangerous sports should be permitted,
- To adhere to something (laws, rules, regulations, procedures, etc) = to
abide by something (laws, rules, regulations, procedures, etc): lm ng theo
hng dn, lut hay yu cu
To adhere to the recommended safety procedures: lm theo nhng th tc
m bo an ton
4. On the one hand, critics of dangerous sports give strong reasons why
governments should impose an official ban on such activities.
- To ban/prohibit something = to put/place/impose a ban on something:
Cm mt ci g
5. Firstly, they argue that such a measure is necessary on safety grounds.
- On N grounds = on the grounds of N = because of N: V l do no
on safety grounds: v l do an ton
6. Secondly, it is necessary at times to infringe on personal freedoms...
- To infringe on something = to interfere with something: Can thip
ngn chn ci g
to infringe on personal freedoms: can thip vo quyn t do c nhn
7. While nobody should underestimate the risks, I would argue that people
- If they so wish = if they wish to do so: nu h mong mun nh vy
8. It is true that there is widespread concern over the practice of extreme sports,
to the extent that some people argue that they should be outlawed by
government legislation.
- It is true/undeniable/obvious/etc + that + clause: Mt s tht/Mt iu
khng th chi b/Mt iu hin nhin l .
- To the extent that/To such an extent + that + clause: n mc m ...
9. While nobody should underestimate the risks, I would argue that people
I concur with those who argue that people should be free to do extreme sports,
although I believe it is necessary for individuals to abide by the safety rules.
- While/Whilst + clause, clause: Trong khi , th ....
- Although/Despite the fact that/Inspite of the fact that + clause, clause:
Mc d/D/Tuy nhng .

10. It is necessary at times to infringe on personal freedoms.
- It is necessary/important/essential/vital/imperative + to V: Cn phi lm
g .
- It is necessary/important/essential/vital/imperative + that/for + somebody
do something: Ai lm g l vic v cng quan trng.
11. Such irresponsible behaviour can only be prevented by banning these
sports.
- Such a/an + adj + N = So + adj + a/an N
- N + can only be prevented by doing something: iu g ch c th
c ngn cn bng vic lm g .

(14/01/2017) Task 2: In many schools and universities, girls tend to choose
arts subjects (eg. languages) and boys choose science subjects (eg. Physics).
What do you think are the reasons? Do you think that this tendency should
be changed? [ART_EDUCATION]
Essay Plan:
Introduction -: refer to the task statement. State there are 2 reasons.
Opinion the tendency should be changed
Paragraph 2: reason 1: gender-specific characteristics
girls+arts/boys+science, reason 2: Traditional opinion that this cannot
change.
Paragraph 3: need to change the trend. Students should be able to
follow their desires to study any subject that they want
Conclusion: Reason: traditional social stereotypes of choice of
subjects is no longer relevant. Repeat opinion.
Dn bi
M bi: nhc li cu dn ca bi. Khng nh c 2 l do. kin xu

hng ny nn c thay i
on 2: L do 1 l c trng ca tng gii tnh c th (n l ngh thut v
nam l khoa hc), l do 2 l kin truyn thng cho rng vic ny khng th
thay i.
on 3: Cn thay i xu hng ny. Hc sinh cn c theo ui c m
c hc bt k mn hc no mnh thch.
Kt lun: L do l thnh kin trong x hi v la chn mn hc khng
cn lien quan. Lp li kin.
Essay
When given the choice of which subject they want to learn, girls commonly
enroll in arts classes while boys attend science courses. Personally, I think this
tendency could be attributed to two main reasons and that this is a trend that
should be changed.
There are two dominant factors contributing to this tendency. Firstly, the choice
of subject reflects gender-specific characteristics, which renders a gender more
attracted to a certain major rather than another. The portrayal of women, for

example, is that they are usually better at expressing themselves and
appreciating the aesthetic qualities of works of art, so they are apt to make
the grade as arts students. On the other hand, males are generally regarded as
more logical, which enables them to have a better grasp of analytical subjects
such as maths or physics. Additionally, this trend may stem from students being
bombarded with the traditional perception that a gender can only excel at
certain subjects and not others. For example, male students often hesitate to
follow literature, as they think that literary appreciation would be out of their
depth and they fear falling behind with their studies.
In my view, this tendency needs immediate alteration. Traditionalists insist that
students should specialise in a field compatible to their gender-specific
personalities in order to be a high-flyer during their time when they are in
tertiary education and in their future career. However, it is crucial for students
to be at liberty to choose what subject they wish to pursue, even subjects once
labeled unfit for their gender identity. This would dispel the misconception that
the sciences is meant for boys while the arts is for girls and eventually eradicate
sexual discrimination within a major as well as enable students to find their true
passion.
In conclusion, I am persuaded that natural preferences and social stereotypes
about each gender affect students subject choice, and that it is vital to shift this
trend so that all students are entitled to the freedom to study those courses to
which they aspire.
335 words
Bi mu
Khi c cho php la chn mn hc mnh mun, cc em n thng chn cc

lp hc ngh thut trong khi cc bn trai tham gia nhng lp khoa hc. C nhn
ti ngh rng xu hng ny hnh thnh do 2 l do chnh v y l mt xu hng
cn phi thay i.
C 2 l do chnh gy ra xu hng ny. Th nht, vic la chn mn hc phn

nh c trng ca tng gii tnh c th, khin cho mt gii tnh b hp dn bi
mt mn hc nht nh hn l gii tnh kia. Chng hn, vic m t chn dung
ca ph n l bi h thng gii vic th hin bn thn v nh gi cao tnh
thm m trong cc tc phm ngh thut, nn h thng c im cao khi hc
ngh thut. Mt khc, n ng thng c t duy logic hn, cho php h tip th

cc mn hc mang tnh phn tch nh ton v l. Ngoi ra, xu hng ny dn
n t vic hc sinh b nhi nht bi t tng truyn thng rng mt gii tnh
ch gii nhng mn hc nht nh v cc mn khc th khng. V d, hc sinh
nam thng do d khi hc vn, v chng ngh cm th vn hc khng phi th
mnh ca chng v chng s s b hc ui.
Theo quan im ca ti, xu hng ny cn c thay th ngay lp tc. Nhng

ngi truyn thng nht quyt rng hc sinh cn c chuyn mn ha trong
mt lnh vc ph hp vi c trng gii tnh c th thnh cng khi hc i
hc v trong cng vic tng lai. Tuy nhin, hc sinh cn c t do la chn
mn mnh mong mun, d l nhng mn tng b gn mc cho tng i tng
gii tnh. iu ny s ph b nh kin rng khoa hc ch dnh cho nam cn
ngh thut l cho n gii, v dn dn xa b ha ton s phn bit gii tnh
trong 1 lnh vc v cng cho php hc sinh tm thy am m ch thc ca
mnh.
Kt lut l, ti cho rng xu hng t nhin v thnh kin x hi v gii tnh

nh hng vic la chn mn hc ca hc sinh, v cn thay i xu hng ny
mi hc sinh c quyn hc theo mun ca chng.
Vocabulary
ARTS
1. the portrayal of women
Meaning: the act of showing or describing something/somebody in a book,
painting, play or film
Example: In the past, the portrayal of women in art was often as possessions,
owned by rich men.
2.the aesthetic qualities of something

Meaning: The qualities related to beauty and understanding the beauty of
something.
Example: One advantage of studying the arts is that students learn to appreciate
the aesthetic qualities of paintings, literature and music.
Dch i
The aesthetic qualities of something: cht lng thm m ca ci g

Ngha: Nhng c trng lin quan n v p v s thu hiu v p ca ci g
V d: Mt trong nhng u im ca vic hc ngh thut l hc sinh c th hiu
v trn trng cht lng thm m ca nhng bc ha, tc phm vn hc v m
nhc.
3.a work of art/a work of music/a work of literature

Meaning: a painting, sculpture, book, play, piece of music etc
Example: Shakespeares plays are considered as one of the greatest works of
literature in the English language.
Dch i
A work a art/ music/ literature: mt tc phm hi ha/ m nhc/ vn hc
Ngha: mt bc ha, tc phm iu khc, cun sch, v kch, on nhc
V d: Nhng v kch ca Shakespeare c coi l mt trong nhng tc phm
vn hc bng ting Anh v i nht.
4.to express oneself

Meaning: to communicate some idea or emotion through speech, writing,
painting, music or some other form of art
Example: Schools should encourage pupils to express themselves through art,
music or creative writing in order to stimulate their imagination.
Dch i
To express oneself: th hin bn thn
Ngha: trnh by tng/ cm x qua pht biu, vn vit, hi ha, m nhc hay
nhng hnh thc ngh thut khc.
EDUCATION
1.tertiary education/higher education
Meaning: education at college or university level
Example: Some school leavers prefer to start work rather than enter
tertiaryeducation.
Dch i
Tertiary education/higher education: hc i hc
2.to have a good grasp of something

Meaning: to understand a problem deeply and completely

Example: Children who begin to learn a foreign language in primary school are
usually able to have a good grasp of the new language quickly.
Dch i
To have a good grasp of sth: thu hiu/ nm bt ci g
Ngha: hiu vic g 1 cch ton din v su sc
V d: Tr em mi bt u hc ngoi ng ti trng tiu hc thng s nm bt
c ngn ng mi rt nhanh chng.
3. vocational courses
Meaning: courses which provide students with the skills and knowledge that
they need to do a particular job
Example: Governments should extend the provision of vocational courses for
those who want to learn a trade, for example as electricians, plumbers,
mechanics.
4. to fall behind with your studies

Meaning: to improve more slowly in studying than other people so that you fail
to learn the course material at the necessary speed
Example: Irregular attendance at classes is one of reasons why some students
fall behind with their studies.
Dch i
To fall behind with your studies: hc ui
Ngha: chm tin b trong vic hc hn ngi khc nn bn khng theo kp vic
hc tin cn thit
V d: Thng xuyn vng mt lp l mt trong nhng l do khin hc sinh
hc ui hn cc bn.
5.to make the grade

Meaning: To successfully reach the necessary standard
Example: Nobody can succeed in their studies if they rely on luck rather than
hard work to make the grade.
Dch i
To make the grade: t c tiu chun/ kt qu
Ngha: t c nhng tiu chun cn thit
V d: Khng ai c th thnh cng trong vic hc nu h ch da vo vn may
ch khng chm ch c gng t c kt qu.

6.to be out of ones depth
Meaning: to be unable to understand something because it is too difficult
Example: Streaming in schools enables pupils to study at the level which is
appropriate for them, and therefore students rarely find themselves out oftheir
depth.
Dch i
To be out of ones depth: vt qu kh nng nhn thc
Ngha: khng th hiu c ci g v qu kh
1. V d: Phn lp ti trng hc cho php hc sinh hc trnh ph hp
vi mnh, v t khi b ri vo tnh trng vt qu kh nng nhn thc.

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Contents

3. Task 2: The best way to resolve the international environmental problems is to

Written by Ngoc Bach

Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 1

Introduction: it is not possible nor useful to provide access to university

Paragraph 2: it is not POSSIBLE. [1] cost of building and running enough

Paragraph 3: it is not USEFUL. [1] vocational training is essential to have

Conclusion: fully agree with the statement.

In some countries, educational policy is aimed at expanding the number of

Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 2

In terms of the economic needs of a country, it is also not useful to provide

mt s quc gia, chnh sch gio dc c mc tiu m rng s lng trng

Written by Ngoc Bach

Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 3

impractical[adjective]: not sensible or realistic

Written by Ngoc Bach

Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 4

unprecedented [adjective]: that has never happened or been known before

gain admittance [expression]: to be allowed to enter a building or an institution

desirable [adjective]: worth having or doing

pursue [verb]: to do or to try to achieve something over a period of time

vocational [adjective]: connected to the skills or knowledge that you need to do a

school-leaver [noun]: a person who has just finished school

on the job [expression]: while doing a particular job

Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 5

Introduction difficult to decide which leads to the best career life.

M bi: kh khan quyt nh ci g s dn n cuc sng cng vic

Written by Ngoc Bach

Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 6

Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 7

Mt mt, c mt s li ch khi nhy vic.. Th nht, khi thay i t cng vic

1.To acquire experience/knowledge/skill:

Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 8

Example: Some school leavers prefer to acquire experience working in a

To acquire experience/ skill: c c kinh nghim, k nng

V d: Mt s ngi tt nghip cp 3 thch c c kinh nghim lm vic mt

Job satisfaction: s hi lng trong cng vic

Ngha: cm gic hnh phc khi c lm cng vic m bn thy vui v

V d: Mc lng cao khng phi yu t quan trng nht v s hi lng trong

3.Put knowledge gained into practice

Example: Vocational training courses enable students to put the knowledge

Put knowledge gained into practice: p dng kin thc hc vo thc t

Ngha: s dng mt cch thit thc nhng kin thc bn c c

Written by Ngoc Bach

Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 9

Meaning: the conditions that you work in

Example: If work is to be enjoyable, then a friendly working environment is

Working environment: mi trng lm vic

Ngha: iu kin lm vic

V d: Nu mun hng th cng vic, th mt mi trng lm vic thn thin

5. To have a steady job

To have a steady job: c cng vic n nh

V d: D mt s ngi thch thay i cng vic, nhng ngi khc li thch

6.A desk job

Website: www.ngocbach.com Page 10

Ngha: cng vic trong vn phng, ni bn ngi lm c ngy trn bn giy.

V d: Nhiu ngi thch nhng vic nguy him, ho hng hn l vic vn

Meaning: the chances of being successful and having more opportunities at

Job prospects: trin vng cng vic

Ngha: c hi thnh cng v c nhiu c hi hn trong cng vic

V d: Nhng ngi c bng cp v kinh nghim thng c trin vng cng

Meaning: chances to move to a more important position in a company or

Promotion opportunities: c hi thng tin