SECTION 10.

2 VECTORS 1

10.2 VECTORS

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1. Express w in terms of the vectors u and v in the figure. 6 9 Find the sum of the given vectors and illustrate
geometrically.
v
u 6. 2, 3 , 3, 4

w 7.  1, 2 ,  5, 3

8.  1, 0, 1 ,  0, 0, 1
2. Write each combination of vectors as a single vector.
l l
(a) AB  BC
l l
(b) CD  DA 9.  0, 3, 2 ,  1, 0, 3

l l l l l
(c) BC  DC (d) BC  CD  DA
10 15 Find a unit vector that has the same direction as the
D
given vector.
10.  1, 2 11.  3, 5

A 12. 2, 4, 3 13.  1, 4, 8

14. i  j 15. 2 i  4 j  7 k

C
B 16. A quadrilateral has one pair of opposite sides parallel and of
equal length. Use vectors to prove that the other pair of oppo-
35 Find a vector a with representation given by the directed
site sides is parallel and of equal length.
l l
line segment AB. Draw AB and the equivalent representation
starting at the origin.
3. A1, 3, B4, 4 4. A4, 1, B1, 2

5. A1, 2, 0, B1, 2, 3

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 2 SECTION 10.2 VECTORS

10.2 ANSWERS

E Click here for exercises. S Click here for solutions.

1. w = v u 9. 1, 3, 1

2. (a) AC (b) CA (c) BD (d) BA
3. 3, 1 4. 3, 3


1
10.
5
, 25


11. 3 , 5
5. 0, 0, 3 6. 5, 1 34 34


12. 229 , 429 , 329
 
13. 19 , 49 , 89

14. 1 i + 1 j
2 2

15. 2 i 4 j+ 7 k
69 69 69

7. 4, 5 8. 1, 0, 2
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 SECTION 10.2 VECTORS 3

10.2 SOLUTIONS

E Click here for exercises.

1. Geometrically, by the Triangle Law, we can see that 9. 0, 3, 2 + 1, 0, 3 = 1, 3, 1
u + w = v, thus w = v u. Alternately, w can be
visualized directly as the difference of v and u (see Figure 8
in the text).

2. (a) By the Triangle Law, AB + BC is the vector with initial

point A and terminal point C, namely AC.

10. |1, 2| = 12 + 22 = 5. Thus
(b) By the Triangle Law, CD + DA is the vector with initial

u = 15 1, 2 = 15 , 25 .
point C and terminal point A, namely CA.

  11. |3, 5| = 32 + (5)2 = 34. Thus

(c) First we consider BC DC as BC + DC . Then


u = 134 3, 5 = 334 , 534 .
since DC has the same length as CD but points in the

opposite direction, we have DC = CD and so
12. |2, 4, 3| = (2)2 + 42 + 32 = 29. Thus
BC DC = BC + CD = BD.

u = 129 2, 4, 3 = 229 , 429 , 329 .
(d) We use the Triangle Law twice: 
 
13. |1, 4, 8| = 12 + (4)2 + 82 = 81 = 9. Thus
BC + CD + DA = BC + CD + DA  
u = 19 1, 4, 8 = 19 , 49 , 89 .

= BD + DA = BA
14. |i + j| = 12 + 12 = 2. Thus
3. a = 4 1, 4 3 = 3, 1 4. a = 1 4, 2 + 1 u = 12 (i + j) = 12 i + 12 j.

= 3, 3 15. |2 i 4 j + 7 k| = 22 + (4)2 + 72 = 69. Thus
u= 1 (2 i 4 j + 7 k) = 2 i 4 j+ 7 k.
69 69 69 69

16. Consider quadrilateral ABCD with sides AB and CD

parallel and of equal length; that is, AB = DC. Thus
 
AD = AB + BD = DC + BD since AB = DC

= BD + DC = BC
5. a = 1 1, 2 + 2, 3 0 6. 2, 3 + 3, 4 = 5, 1
This shows that sides AD and BC are parallel and have
= 0, 0, 3 (using position vectors and equal lengths.
the parallelogram law)

7. 1, 2 + 5, 3 8. 1, 0, 1 + 0, 0, 1

= 1 + 5, 2 + 3 = 1 + 0, 0 + 0, 1 + 1
= 4, 5 = 1, 0, 2
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