Focus Life Sciences Grade 10 Exam Practice Book

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Life Sciences Tests.pdf 1 7/2/2011 4:11:08 PM

Grade 10
LIFE SCIENCES
PRACTICE TEST ONE
Marks: 75

QUESTION 1

Various possible answers are provided for each question. W rite only the letter of the correct
answer next to the corresponding number.

1.1 Each new cell produced by mitosis will have ...

A half the number of chromosomes.
B a full set of chromosomes.
C twice the number of chromosomes.
D two new nuclei. (2)

1.2 Which of the following is NOT a function of mitosis?

A growth
B repair
C asexual reproduction in unicellular organisms
D the formation of sex cells (2)

1.3 If a cell divides by mitosis, how many cells will there be after three divisions?

A 3 cells
B 4 cells
C 8 cells
D 16 cells (2)

1.4 Study the following diagram.

The chromosome number of the cell is

A 2
B 4
C 6
D 8 (2)

1.5 In a cell nucleus, the thread-like structures are called ...

A centrioles.
B centrosomes.
C centromeres.
D chromosomes. (2)


1.6 The organelles that synthesise proteins are called

A ribosomes.
B mitochondria.
C chloroplasts.
D nucleoli. (2)

1.7 The part of the plant cell responsible for providing support is

A the cell wall only.
B the vacuole only.
C the cell wall and nucleus.
D the cell wall and vacuole. (2)

1.8 Which of the following plant tissues does NOT play an important role in supporting a
plant?

A collenchyma
B schlerenchyma
C parenchyma
D xylem (2)

1.9 The correct term for the loss of water from a leaf surface is ...

A translocation.
B evaporation.
C transparent.
D transpiration. (2)

1.10 Which of the following is water soluble?

A vitamin A
B vitamin B
C vitamin D
D vitamin E (2)

[20]
QUESTION 2

Give the correct term for each of the following. W rite only the term next to the relevant question
number.

2.1 Vacuoles or vesicles that contain enzymes that break down old or dead cells. (1)
2.2 The study of cells and tissues. (1)
2.3 Long, coiled thread-like structures made of DNA that are found in the nucleus. (1)
2.4 The mammalian tissue that has become specialised as a storage tissue. (1)
2.5 The chemical indicator used to test for the presence of starch. (1)

[5]

2

QUESTION 3

Each of the following questions consists of a statement or description in the first column and
two items [numbered (a) and (b)] in the second column. Consider which item(s) relate(s) to the
statement or description. W rite your choice next to the relevant question number by using the
following codes:

x A if only item (a) refers to the statement or description.
x B if only item (b) refers to the statement or description.
x C if both items (a) and (b) refer to the statement or description.
x D if neither of the items refers to the statement or description.

Statement or description Items
(a) leucocytes
3.1 Blood cells
(b) plasma
(a) phagocytes
3.2 Immune system
(b) lymphocytes
(a) diaphragm relaxes
3.3 Inhalation
(b) abdominal muscles contract
(a) marasmus
3.4 Not eating enough
(b) anorexia
(a) epithelial
3.5 Animal tissue
(b) collenchyma
[10]

QUESTION 4

Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

3

4.1 Is this a plant or animal cell? Give THREE visible reasons for your answer. (4)
4.2 Provide labels for A to F. (6)
4.3 Give only the letter for the part of the cell
a) in which cellular respiration occurs. (1)
b) that forms the spindle fibres during cell division. (1)
c) that controls all cellular metabolism. (1)
d) that controls the entry and exit of substances. (1)
e) that is involved in protein synthesis. (1)
[15]

QUESTION 5

Look at the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

5.1 Identify the tissue labelled A. (1)
5.2 Which parts of the body does this tissue line? (2)
5.3 State the function of this tissue. (1)
5.4 Name the specialised cells in this tissue that secrete mucus. (1)

[5]
QUESTION 6

The diagram below shows the action of an enzyme.

6.1 What is an enzyme? (1)
6.2 Provide labels A to D. (4)
6.3 List TWO characteristics of enzymes. (2)
6.4 Enzymes that break down fats and proteins are often added to washing powders. Give
THREE reasons why the addition of enzymes makes the washing powder more
effective. (3)
[10]
4

QUESTION 7

Look at the diagrams below and answer the questions that follow.

A B C

7.1 Identify the tissues labelled A to C. (3)

7.2 Give ONE function of tissue A. (1)

7.3 How does the matrix of tissue A differ from the matrix of tissue B? (2)

7.4 a) Where in the respiratory system would you find tissue B? (1)
b) Give the function of tissue B in the respiratory system. (1)

7.5 a) In which part of the breathing system would you find tissue C? (1)
b) Give the function of tissue C in breathing. (1)

[10]

[TOTAL: 75 marks]

5

Grade 10
LIFE SCIENCES
PRACTICE TEST TWO
Marks: 70

QUESTION 1


1.1 Study the diagram below, which shows a cross section through a dicotyledonous leaf.

The cells labelled 2 are ...

A spongy mesophyll.
B palisade mesophyll.
C epidermal cells.
D guard cells. (2)

1.2 The type of epithelial tissue found on the surface of the skin is

A squamous.
B cuboidal.
C columnar.
D ciliated. (2)

1.3 Which of the following does NOT form part of a neuron or nerve cell?

A dendrite
B axon
C myelin sheath
D cilia (2)
6

1.4 Which of the following plant tissues does NOT play an important role in supporting a
plant?

A collenchyma
B schlerenchyma
C parenchyma
D xylem (2)

[8]
QUESTION 2

number.

2.1 A collection of similar cells that perform a specific function. (1)
2.2 Muscles that are connected to the skeleton and allow us to move. (1)
2.3 A group of tissues that work together to perform a certain function. (1)
2.4 Specialised epidermal cells that surround the stomata of plants. (1)
2.5 The scientific term for a nerve cell. (1)
2.6 The thin waxy layer that prevents water loss from the leaf surface. (1)
2.7 The ground substance that is found between the cells that make up tissues. (1)

[7]
QUESTION 3

Write the letter of the statement/description in Column B that can best be associated with each
term in Column A.

Column A Column B
3.1 Bone tissue A Dendrites and axons
3.2 Cartilage B Sclereids
3.3 Neurons C Haversian canals
3.4 Heart D Involuntary muscle
3.5 Smooth muscle E Chondrocytes
3.6 Root cortex F Sieve tubes
3.7 Schlerenchyma tissue G Voluntary muscle
3.8 Xylem H Cardiac muscle
3.9 Phloem I Tracheids
3.10 Epidermis J Parenchyma
K Root hairs and guard cells
[10]

7

QUESTION 4

Each of the following questions consist of a statement or description in the first column and
two items [numbered (a) and (b)] in the second column. Consider which item(s) relate(s) to the
statement or description. W rite your choice next to the relevant question number by using the
following codes:

x A if only item (a) refers to the statement or description.
x B if only item (b) refers to the statement or description.
x C if both items (a) and (b) refer to the statement or description.
x D if neither of the items refers to the statement or description.

Statement or description Items
(a) striated
4.1 Muscle tissue
(b) cardiac
(a) lack of insulin
4.2 Diabetes
(b) lack of glucagon
(a) emulsifies fat
4.3 Bile
(b) neutralises acidic chyme
(a) weak acids
4.4 Prevents tooth decay
(b) fluoride
(a) herbivores
4.5 Large canines
(b) carnivores
[10]

QUESTION 5

Read the following article and answer the questions that follow.

Human embryos are important sources of stem cells. Western countries such as
the USA banned the harvesting of human embryos for stem cell research. Yet
these countries allow embryonic stem cells to be imported from other countries.
There is concern that biotechnology companies will target poor women in
developing nations, offering to pay them a few thousand rand for their embryos.
The companies, in turn, stand to make large profits.

5.1 What is a stem cell? (2)
5.2 Define biotechnology. (2)
5.3 What can be done to prevent poor women from being targeted by biotechnology
companies? (1)

[5]
QUESTION 6

An American biotechnology company recently announced that it has three cloned puppies for
sale. The puppies are clones of a dog called Missy, which died in 2001. The genetic material
was removed from Missy before she died. The puppies will be auctioned, with the bidding
starting as R884 000.

6.1 What is a clone? (3)
6.2 Name the first large mammal that was cloned. (1)
6.3 Give two reasons why the biotechnology company wants people to pay so much money
for these puppies. (2)
8

6.4 Will the puppies be identical to Missy in every way? Give a reason for your answer. (2)
6.5 Besides the cloning of pets, list FOUR other benefits of cloning large mammals. (4)
6.6 If large mammals can be cloned, scientists believe that human beings can also be
cloned. Do you agree with human cloning? Give TWO reasons for your answer. (3)

[15]

QUESTION 7

Read the article and answer the questions that follow.

Sutherlandia frutescens

Common names: Cancer bush (English); umnwele (isiXhosa and isiZulu); kankerbos (Afrikaans)
This plant is one of the most talked about in the ethnobotanical world because it has a strong
reputation as a cure for cancer and as an immune booster in the treatment of HIV/Aids. Research
on its properties is ongoing.
It has long been known, used and respected as a medicinal plant in southern Africa. The original
inhabitants of the Cape, the Khoi San and Nama people, used it mainly for the washing of wounds
and took it internally to bring down fevers.
Sutherlandia continues to be used to this day by traditional healers as a remedy for a wide range
of ailments. These include colds and flu, asthma, TB, bronchitis, liver problems, bladder, uterus
and womens complaints, diarrhoea, stomach ailments, heartburn, backache, diabetes and
inflammation. It is also used in the treatment of mental and emotional stress.
There is as yet no scientific support for the numerous claims that this plant can cure cancer, but
there is preliminary clinical evidence that it has a direct anti-cancer effect. Sutherlandias real
benefits are as a tonic that will assist the body to cope with the illness. Cancer, TB and Aids
patients lose weight and tend to waste away. Sutherlandia dramatically improves the appetite and
wasted patients start to gain weight. It is also known to improve energy levels and gives an
enhanced sense of well-being. It is hoped that treatment with Sutherlandia will delay the
progression of HIV into Aids.

Adapted from: www.plantzafrica.com

7.1 Give the isiXhosa and isiZulu common name for Sutherlandia frutescens. (1)

7.2 Why is Sutherlandia frutescens known as a medicinal plant? (2)

7.3 What did the Khoi San and Nama people use Sutherlandia for? (2)

7.4 Name TWO respiratory disorders that traditional healers treat by using Sutherlandia. (2)

7.5 Why is Sutherlandia beneficial to patients suffering from cancer, TB or Aids? (4)

7.6 Sutherlandia is often harvested from natural wild plant populations. Cloning of
Sutherlandia could ensure that the harvested individuals are replaced to prevent
Sutherlandia growing in the wild from becoming endangered. List the steps a scientist
would take to clone Sutherlandia using plant tissue culture techniques. (4)

[15]

[TOTAL: 70 marks]

9

Grade 10
LIFE SCIENCES
PRACTICE TEST THREE
Marks: 90

QUESTION 1


1.1 Refer to the following food web of a tree.

The correct sequence for the trophic levels numbered 1, 2 and 3 are

1 2 3
A Producer Secondary consumer Primary consumer
B Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer
C Primary consumer Producer Secondary consumer
D Secondary consumer Primary consumer Producer

(2)

10

1.2 All parts of the Earth where life exists

A biomass
B biosphere
C biotic factors
D abiotic factors (2)

1.3 Which of the following pathways transfers the most energy to humans?

(2)

1.4 Which of the following is NOT a physiographic factor?

A slope
B precipitation
C aspect
D altitude (2)

1.5 The layer of air that surrounds the Earth is called the

A lithosphere.
B hydrosphere.
C atmosphere.
D biosphere. (2)

[10]
QUESTION 2

number.

2.1 A set of interconnected food chains. (1)

2.2 An organism that lives only in water. (1)

2.3 A biome that is characterised by having large trees and shade-loving shrubs in the
undergrowth. (1)

2.4 All living organisms in an ecosystem (1)

2.5 An organism that is not indigenous to an area and has become a problem (1)

[5]

11

QUESTION 3

Look at the map below.

3.1 Name the biomes numbered 1 to 5 on the map. (5)

3.2 Write down the number only of the biome that:

a) has proteas, ericas and restios
b) the greatest number of succulent plant species in the world
c) is often referred to as the bushveld
d) consists mostly of grasses with deep, dark fertile soil
e) is made up of indigenous forest (5)

[10]

QUESTION 4

Complete the following table. W rite down the question number with the correct answer next to it.

Blood component Structure Function
Plasma A straw coloured 4.1 Transports products around the body.
4.2 disc with a large surface area. Transports 4.4 and 4.5 around the
Red blood cells
Contains a red pigment called 4.3 body.
4.6 blood cells Have differently shaped 4.7 Protect the body against 4.8
4.9 Cell fragments Play an important role in blood 4.10
[10]
12

QUESTION 5

The blood alcohol content of people who had died of unnatural causes or had been hospitalised
because of an injury was taken in four different cities. The graph below shows the percentage of
people whose blood alcohol content was over the legal limit of 0,05g/100ml.

5.1 What percentage of people who died of unnatural causes in Johannesburg had a
blood alcohol content over the legal limit? (1)

5.2 In which city did over 50% of the people admitted to hospital for injury have a blood
alcohol content over the legal limit? (1)

5.3 From the results of the study, do you believe that there is a relationship between alcohol
abuse and dangerous behaviour? Give a reason for your answer. (2)

5.4 a) In which part of the digestive system is alcohol absorbed into the blood? (1)
b) Name the organ in the body that breaks down alcohol. (1)
c) List THREE other functions of the organ mentioned in 5.4(b). (3)

5.5 a) What is the legal blood alcohol level? (1)
b) Which cells of the body do not function properly when a person has had too much
to drink? (1)
c) If a person is over the legal blood alcohol limit, what are they NOT allowed to do? (1)

5.6 Recently it has been proposed that the legal drinking age be increased from 18 to 21. Is
this a good idea or not? Give reasons for your answer. (3)

[15]

QUESTION 6

Soil is made up of tiny particles of weathered rock of different sizes. In between the soil particles
is organic matter, which supports a community of micro-organisms.

6.1 Give the scientific word for soil. (1)
6.2 Name TWO types of micro-organisms found in the soil. (2)
13

6.3 Give the scientific name for organic matter found in the soil. (1)
6.4 Name the three different types of soil. State TWO characteristics of each soil type. (9)
6.5 Which soil type is best for growing crop plants? Give a reason for your answer. (2)
6.6 Soil erosion is a serious ecological problem in South Africa. About 350 metric tons of
topsoil is lost each year.
a) W hat causes soil erosion? (3)
b) List TWO ways in which soil erosion can be prevented. (2)
[20]
QUESTION 7

Aloes generally grow on rocky north-facing slopes, especially in the Eastern Cape. Look at the
diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

7.1 Are aloes hydrophytes, xerophytes or mesophytes? Give ONE visible reason for your
answer. (2)
7.2 List THREE abiotic factors shown in the diagram. (3)
7.3 Why do aloes prefer to grow on a north-facing slope rather than the south-facing slope? (2)
7.4 Aloe leaves contain a bitter sap. Explain how this benefits the aloe. (2)
7.5 Aloe only flowers in the rainy reason. Give ONE reason why. (1)

[10]
QUESTION 8

Ecotourism is the fastest-growing segment of tourism in South Africa. It generates jobs employing
1 in 25 people. About 5,6 million foreign visitors arrived in South Africa for holiday purposes in
2003. These visitors bring in about 3,6% GDP into the country.

8.1 What is ecotourism? (2)
8.2 Why is ecotourism the fastest-growing segment of tourism in South Africa? (3)

8.3 Many ecotourists come to South Africa to see the Big Five.
a) What are the Big Five? (2)
b) Which biome will the ecotourists visit to see the Big Five? (1)

8.4 Which biome would you recommend ecotourists visit if they would like to see:
a) proteas, ericas and retios? (1)
b) giant trees, such as yellowwoods and stinkwoods? (1)

[10]

[TOTAL: 90 marks]

14
Grade 10
LIFE SCIENCES
PRACTICE TEST FOUR
Marks: 80

QUESTION 1


1.1 In the three-domain system of classification, the eukarya consist of

A prokaryotic bacteria.
B eukaryotic plants only.
C plants and animals.
D eukaryotic plants, animals, fungi and protests. (2)

1.2 The correct way to write the scientific name for a domestic dog is

A canis familiaris.
B Canis Familiaris.
C Canis familiaris.
D Canis familiaris. (2)

1.3 Every species is given a two-word Latin name called a

A Linnaeus.
B dipole.
C binomial.
D polynomial. (2)

1.4 The person who suggested the five-kingdom classification was

A Darwin.
B Mendel.
C Linnaeus.
D Curie. (2)

1.5 Organisms that live on land are called

A terrestrial.
B aquatic.
C marine.
D buoyant. (2)

[10]
QUESTION 2

number.

2.1 Organisms whose bodies consist of many cells (1)
2.2 An organism that lives on dead or decaying matter, e.g. a mushroom (1)
2.3 The scientific naming of organisms (1)
2.4 Classifying and naming of animals (1)
2.5 A species that is only found in one specific region on Earth. (1)
15

[5]
QUESTION 3

According to the five-kingdom system of classification, each of the organisms shown below
belongs to a different kingdom. Complete the table by filling in the missing words.

ORGANISM
Prokaryote or
3.1 3.2 3.3 Eukaryote 3.4
eukaryote?
Unicellular or Unicellular or
3.5 3.6 3.7 Multicellular
multicellular? multicellular
Paramecium
Example 3.8 3.9 Mealie plant 3.10
(protist)

[10]
QUESTION 4

Look at the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

4.1 Identify the animal shown in the diagram. (1)

4.2 When and where was it first discovered in South Africa? (2)

4.3 Professor JLB Smith named this unusual fish Latimeria. W ho did he name it after? (1)

4.4 Why is this animal called a living fossil? (2)

4.5 Which two groups of animals is this living fossil thought to be the link between? (2)

4.6 State TWO ways in which the body of this fish differs from bony fish we see today. (2)

[10]
16

QUESTION 5

Look at the flow chart below, which shows the evolution of the modern-day elephant.

5.1 Name the ancestor of the elephant. (1)

5.2 When did the ancestor of the elephant first appear on Earth? (1)

5.3 How does the ancestor differ from modern-day elephants? (3)

5.4 Give the scientific name of the African elephant. (1)

5.5 According to the flow chart, which evolved first the African elephant or the mammoth? (1)

5.6 When did the mammoth become extinct? (1)

5.7 Is the African elephant under threat of becoming extinct? Give a reason for your
answer. (2)

[10]
QUESTION 6

The African elephant is an example of a keystone species.

6.1 What is a keystone species? (2)

6.2 List THREE important steps that have been taken to conserve the African elephant. (3)

[5]

17

QUESTION 7

Look at the flow chart below and answer the questions that follow.

7.1 Name the system of classification shown in the flow chart. (1)

7.2 How does the above system of classification differ from the three-domain system? (2)

7.3 Into which two groups did scientists divide living organisms in the two-kingdom system? (2)

7.4 Why did scientists initially use the two-kingdom system? (2)

7.5 Within the Plantae,

a) which group is the most abundant on Earth today? (1)
b) which group evolved first? (1)

7.6 In 2005 scientists identified ancient fossils found in Namibia as giant bacteria. To which
kingdom do these bacteria belong? (1)

[10]

18

QUESTION 8

The table shows the number of threatened groups or taxa of organisms in various regions of
South Africa in 1980 and 1995. Look at it carefully and then answer the questions that follow.

Number of threatened groups or taxa
Year
Cape KwaZulu-Natal Free State Gauteng
1980 1 567 168 23 221
1995 2 693 397 58 388

8.1 Plot a bar graph to show the number of threatened groups or taxa in various regions of
South Africa (1980 and 1995). (8)

8.2 Which region shows the greatest increase in the number of threatened groups between
1980 and 1995? Show your calculations. (3)

8.3 a) Which region has the highest number of threatened groups or taxa? (1)
b) Name the two species-rich biomes that occur in this region. (2)
c) The two biomes mentioned in 8.3(b) have a high number of endemic species. Why
does this factor increase the vulnerability of the groups of species living in these
biomes? (3)

8.4 If data regarding the number of threatened groups is collected again this year, predict
what trend you would expect to see. Give reasons for your answer. (3)

[20]

[TOTAL: 80 marks]

19

Grade 10 LIFE SCIENCES
PRACTICE TEST ONE MEMORANDUM

QUESTION 1

1.1 B 99 (2)
1.2 D 99 (2)
1.3 C 99 (2)
1.4 B 99 (2)
1.5 B 99 (2)
1.6 A 99 (2)
1.7 D 99 (2)
1.8 C 99 (2)
1.9 D 99 (2)
1.10 B 99 (2)
[20]
QUESTION 2

2.1 Lysosomes 9 (1)
2.2 Histology 9 (1)
2.3 Chromosomes 9 (1)
2.4 Adipose tissue 9 (1)
2.5 Iodine solution 9 (1)
[5]
QUESTION 3

3.1 A 99 (2)
3.2 C 99 (2)
3.3 D 99 (2)
3.4 C 99 (2)
3.5 A 99 (2)
[10]
QUESTION 4

4.1 Animal cell 9 and any three of the following reasons:
x Cell surrounded by a cell membrane only (9)
x Centriole present (9)
x No plastids present (9)
x Irregular shape (9) (4)

4.2 A Cell membrane 9
B Cytoplasm 9
C Nuclear envelope 9
D Nucleolus 9
E Nucleus 9
F Mitochondrion 9 (6)

4.3 a) F 9 (1)
b) G 9 (1)
c) E 9 (1)
d) A 9 (1)
e) H 9 (1)
20

[15]
QUESTION 5

5.1 Ciliated epithelium 9 (1)

5.2 Any two of the following:
x Trachea (9)
x Nasal passages (9)
x Bronchi (9)
x Pharynx (9) (2)

5.3 Traps dust particles from the air. 9 (1)
5.4 Goblet cells 9 (1)
[5]
QUESTION 6

6.1 An enzyme is a biological catalyst. (1)

6.2 A Enzyme 9
B Substrate 9
C Enzyme-substrate complex 9
D Product 9 (4)

x They are substrate specific. (9)
x They are pH specific. (9)
x They speed up chemical reactions. (9)
x They function best at an optimum temperature. (9) (2)

6.4 1) The enzymes will break down and remove fat and protein based stains. 9
2) The enzymes are most effective at 40 qC so the water does not need to be too hot.
This saves energy. 9
3) Physically rubbing the fabric to remove stains is not necessary because the enzymes
break them down chemically. 9 (3)
[10]

21

QUESTION 7

7.1 A Bone tissue 9
B Hyaline cartilage / cartilage tissue 9
C Voluntary muscle tissue 9 (3)

7.2 A: Makes up the skeleton, which is important for support and movement. 9 (1)

7.3 A Matrix is hardened with calcium phosphate. 9
B Matrix is more flexible because of the collagen fibres. 9 (2)

7.4 a) The C-shaped rings of cartilage in the trachea. 9 (1)
b) Keep the trachea open. 9 (1)

7.5 a) Diaphragm or intercostal muscles 9 (1)
b) Contraction and relaxation enable inhalation and exhalation 9 (1)
[10]

[TOTAL: 75 marks]

22

PRACTICE TEST TWO MEMORANDUM

QUESTION 1

1.1 B 99 (2)
1.2 A 99 (2)
1.3 D 99 (2)
1.4 C 99 (2)
[8]
QUESTION 2

2.1 Tissue 9 (1)
2.2 Skeletal muscles 9 (1)
2.3 Organ 9 (1)
2.4 Guard cells 9 (1)
2.5 Neuron 9 (1)
2.6 Cuticle 9 (1)
2.7 Matrix 9 (1)
[7]
QUESTION 3

3.1 C 9 (1)
3.2 E 9 (1)
3.3 A 9 (1)
3.4 H 9 (1)
3.5 D 9 (1)
3.6 J 9 (1)
3.7 B 9 (1)
3.8 I 9 (1)
3.9 F 9 (1)
3.10 K 9 (1)
[10]
QUESTION 4

4.1 C 99 (2)
4.2 A 99 (2)
4.3 C 99 (2)
4.4 B 99 (2)
4.5 B 99 (2)
[10]
QUESTION 5

5.1 A stem cell is an undifferentiated cell 9 that has the ability to change into any cell
type. 9 (2)
5.2 The commercial use of biological substances 9 for the benefit of people 9 (2)
5.3 Laws to prevent women from being targeted (9) and educate people (9) (1)
[5]
23

QUESTION 6

6.1 A clone is a living organism 9 that is genetically identical 9 to another individual. 9 (3)
6.2 A sheep / Dolly 9 (1)

x The technology and expertise used to clone mammals is expensive. (9)
x Many attempts must be made until a clone is born sucessfully. (9)
x Novelty of owning a cloned animal. (9) (2)
6.4 They will be genetically identical 9 but because they are born into a different
environment with different environmental influences they will vary in character. 9 (2)
6.5 To increase numbers of rare and endangered species. 9
Replacing dead pets. 9
Creation of organisms with specific characteristics that are needed. For example, cows
that produce large quantities of milk. 9
Cloning of organisms for xenotransplantation. 9 (4)
6.6 Agree 9 (and any two of the following reasons):
x Replaces lost relatives (9)
x Allows single sex couples to have children (9)
x Enables couples to have children if they have infertility problems (9)
OR
Disagree 9 (and any two of the following reasons):
x Moral reasons (unethical) (9)
x Unable to control (9)
x Interferes with nature (9) (3)
[15]
QUESTION 7

7.1 Umnwele 9 (1)
7.2 It has healing properties 9 for many different diseases and illnesses. 9 (2)
7.3 For the washing of wounds 9 and to bring down fevers. 9 (2)
x Colds and flu (9) x asthma (9) x TB (9) x bronchitis (9) (2)
7.5 Cancer, TB and Aids patients lose weight and tend to waste away. Sutherlandia
dramatically improves the appetite 9 and patients start to gain weight. 9 It is also
known to improve energy levels 9 and gives an enhanced sense of wellbeing. 9 (4)
7.6 Step 1: Small pieces of plant tissue are cut from the meristemmatic region of the plant.
Called explants. 9
Step 2: Explants are placed on nutrient-rich agar. 9
Step 3: The explants begin to divide to form a mass of cells called a callus. 9
Step 4: The callus is treated with various hormones, which stimulate the cells to
differentiate forming plant embryos. 9 (4)
[15]

[TOTAL: 70 marks]
24

PRACTICE TEST THREE MEMORANDUM

QUESTION 1

1.1 B 99 (2)
1.2 B 99 (2)
1.3 B 99 (2)
1.4 B 99 (2)
1.5 C 99 (2)
[10]
QUESTION 2

2.1 food web 9 (1)
2.2 Aquatic 9 (1)
2.3 Forest 9 (1)
2.4 Biotic potential 9 (1)
2.5 Invasive alien species 9 (1)
[5]
QUESTION 3

3.1 1 Fynbos 9
2 Succulent Karoo 9
3 Forest 9
4 Grasslands 9
5 Savanna 9 (5)

3.2 a) 1 9
b) 2 9
c) 5 9
d) 4 9
e) 3 9 (5)
[10]
QUESTION 4

4.1 Liquid 9 (1)
4.2 Biconcave 9 (1)
4.3 Haemoglobin 9 (1)
4.4 Oxygen / carbon dioxide 9 (1)
4.5 Carbon dioxide / oxygen 9 (1)
4.6 White 9 (1)
4.7 Nuclei 9 (1)
4.8 Bacteria / disease / infection 9 (1)
4.9 Platelets 9 (1)
4.10 Clotting 9 (1)
[10]

QUESTION 5

5.1 40% 9 (1)
5.2 Port Elizabeth 9 (1)
5.3 Yes 9 and any one of the following reasons:
x Many people who die of unnatural causes or are admitted to hospital for injury have
high blood alcohol content. (9)
25

x Dangerous behaviour following the drinking of alcohol could lead to death or injury.
(9)
x When a person has high blood alcohol content, he or she tend to become involved in
dangerous behaviour and therefore have a greater risk of death or injury. (9) (2)

5.4 a) stomach 9 (1)
b) liver 9 (1)
c) Any three of the following:
x Secretes bile (9)
x Breaks down excess amino acids (9)
x Stores excess glucose in the form of glycogen (9)
x Forms fat and cholesterol (9)
x Detoxifies harmful substances, such as poisons and drugs, in the body (9) (3)

5.5 a) 0,05g/100ml 9 (1)
b) Nerve cells 9 (1)
c) Drive a vehicle 9 (1)

5.6 Yes. (9) The older a person, the more responsible he or she will be about the amount
of alcohol they drink. (99) OR
No. (9) It will not make any difference because so many young people are involved in
under-aged drinking in South Africa. (99) (3)
[15]

QUESTION 6

6.1 Edaphic 9 (1)
6.2 Bacteria 9 and fungi 9 (2)
6.3 Humus 9 (1)
6.4 Sandy soil 9 and any two of the following characteristics:
x Does not bind together (9)
x Cannot hold or retain water (9)
x Nutrient poor (9)

Loam soil 9 and any two of the following characteristics:
x Contains humus (9)
x Retains water humus acts like a sponge (9)
x Fertile (9)

Clay soil 9 and any two of the following characteristics:
x Fine soil particles (9)
x Becomes waterlogged (9)
x Low in nutrients (9) (9)

6.5 Loam soil. 9 It is fertile and holds water. 9 (2)
6.6 a) Deforestation 9, poor farming practices 9, overgrazing 9 (3)
b) Improved farming techniques. 9 Planting vegetation to prevent erosion. 9 (2)
[20]
26

QUESTION 7

7.1 Xerophytes: 9 thick fleshy leaves. 9 (2)
7.2 Any three of the following:
x light (9)
x temperature (9)
x physiographic (aspect and slope) (9)
x soil (9) (3)
7.3 Gets the most sun; 9 warmer 9 (2)
7.4 Stops the leaves being eaten 9 by herbivores 9 (2)
7.5 Flowers are not drought resistant. 9 (1)
[10]

QUESTION 8

8.1 Tourists visit a place to enjoy and appreciate its biodiversity, 9 while having minimum
impact on the environment. 9 (2)
8.2 South Africa has a wide variety of biomes with high biodiversity. 9 South Africa has
many conservation areas that are world famous. 9 There is good infrastructure and the
conservation areas are accessible. 9 (3)
8.3 a) Any two of the following:
Hunters coined the phrase Big Five because they are the most dangerous animals to
hunt on foot. (9) The term is used today by wildlife conservationists. (9) The Big
Five are lion, elephant, rhino, leopard and buffalo. (9) (2)
b) savanna 9 (1)

8.4 a) fynbos 9 (1)
b) forest 9 (1)
[10]

[TOTAL: 90 marks]

27

PRACTICE TEST FOUR MEMORANDUM

QUESTION 1

1.1 D 99 (2)
1.2 C 99 (2)
1.3 C 99 (2)
1.4 C 99 (2)
1.5 A 99 (2)
[10]
QUESTION 2

2.1 Multicellular 9 (1)
2.2 Saprophyte 9 (1)
2.3 Taxonomy 9 (1)
2.4 binomial 9 (1)
2.5 Endemic 9 (1)
[5]
QUESTION 3

3.1 Prokaryote 9 (1)
3.2 Eukaryote 9 (1)
3.3 Eukaryote 9 (1)
3.4 Eukaryote 9 (1)
3.5 Unicellular 9 (1)
3.6 Multicellular 9 (1)
3.7 Mulicellular 9 (1)
3.8 Bacteria 9 (1)
3.9 Fungi/mushroom 9 (1)
3.10 Animal/dog 9 (1)
[10]
QUESTION 4

4.1 Coelacanth 9 (1)
4.2 1938. 9 It was caught by a fisherman near East London. 9 (2)
4.3 The woman who found the fish and then showed it to him, M Latimer. 9 (1)
4.4 It is called a living fossil because it is almost identical to fossil coelacanths 9 that lived
millions of years ago. 9 (2)
4.5 Fish 9 and amphibians 9 (2)
4.6 Lobed, fleshy fins 9 and an unusually shaped body 9 (2)
[10]
QUESTION 5

5.1 Palaeomastodon 9 (1)
5.2 83 mya / Eocene 9 (1)
5.3 Shorter trunk 9, smaller in size 9, small tusks 9 (3)
5.4 Loxodonta Africana 9 (1)
5.5 African elephant 9 (1)
28

5.6 10 000 years ago 9 (1)
5.7 Yes. (9) Lack of suitable habitats. Threatened by poaching for ivory tusks. (9) OR
No. (9) Many conservation parks established. Elephants monitored and protected from
poachers. (9) (2)
[10]
QUESTION 6

6.1 A keystone species plays an unusually important role in an ecosystem. 9 This species
is important in maintaining the abundance of other species. 9 (2)
6.2 x Protected by law 9
x Live in conservation areas that protect the elephants 9
x Banning the sale of ivory and ivory products 9 (3)
[5]
QUESTION 7

7.1 Five-kingdom system 9 (1)
7.2 In the five-kingdom system, all bacteria are placed into one group, the monera. In the
three-domain system, the first two groups contain bacteria 9 and the third group is a
super-kingdom that contains Protozoa, algae, fungi, plants and animals. 9 (2)
7.3 Plants 9 and animals 9 (2)
7.4 They did not have microscopes, 9 so they did not know about the world of micro-
organisms.9 (2)
7.5 a) angiosperms 9 (1)
b) bryophytes 9 (1)
7.6 Monera 9 (1)
[10]
QUESTION 8

8.1

Mark allocation:
x Correct type of graph 9
29

x Title / heading of graph 9
x Correct label for X-axis and Y-axis 9
x Plotting of the bars:
- draws all 4 sets of bars correctly (9999)
- draws 3 sets of bars correctly (999)
- draws 2 sets of bars correctly (99)
- draws 1 set of bars correctly (9)
x Correct legend / key provided 9 (8)

8.2 Cape 9 2 693 1 567 = 1 126. 9 In all the other regions the increase is less than 250
groups or taxa. 9 (3)

8.3 a) Cape 9 (1)
b) Fynbos 9 and Succulent Karoo 9 (2)
c) They are very habitat- and niche-specific. 9 If either of these is threatened or lost, 9
the species may become extinct. 9 (3)

8.4 Numbers of threatened groups will increase 9 (and any two of the following):
x Habitat loss (9)
x Changing weather patterns (9)
x Invading alien species (9)
OR
Numbers of threatened groups will decrease 9 (and any two of the following):
x Increased awareness (9)
x Species protected by law (9)
x More conservation areas (9) (3)
[20]

[TOTAL: 80 marks]

30
Maskew Miller Longman (Pty) Ltd
Forest Drive, Pinelands, Cape Town
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A Producer Secondary consumer Primary consumer

B Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer

C Primary consumer Producer Secondary consumer

D Secondary consumer Primary consumer Producer

Plasma A straw coloured 4.1 Transports products around the body.

4.9 Cell fragments Play an important role in blood 4.10

1980 1 567 168 23 221

1995 2 693 397 58 388

Maskew Miller Longman (Pty) Ltd 2011

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