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INTRODUCTION
The mobile phase is a liquid or gas that carries a sample through a solid stationary phase. As
the sample in the mobile phase passes through the stationary phase the compounds in the mixture
will separate because of differences in their affinities for the stationary phase, and differences in
their solubilities in the mobile phase.
In chromatographic analysis, the eluted compound are characterizes by retention times, tR.
Qualitative analysis involves determination tR of analytes and comparing them with tR standards.
Quantitative analysis is accomplished by comparing the area of the analyte peaks with those of
standard.
APPARATUS
1. Syringe.
2. Beaker.
3. Dropper.
CHEMICALS
1. 2-propanol.
2. N-butanol.
3. Standard mixture of 2-propanol and n-butanol (1:1 ratio).
4. Unknown sample.
PROCEDURE
A. Sample Handling
1. The syringe is rinsed before filled with the sample. After that, the syringe is rinsed again with
small amount of the sample.
2. The plunged is pull to 1microliter. Make sure no air bubbles present in the syringe by press
plunged hard and fast several time before pulled to desire measurement.
B. Operation of GC
1. The oven temperature is set up at first at:
a. Initial temperature: 70 C
b. Final oven temperature:70 C
c. Injection temperature: 180 C
d. Detector temperature: 180 C
2. Wait until the program in the computer turn to ready.
3. The sample was injected at back injector unit and press start button quickly. After that the
syringe is removed from back injector unit.
4. Wait until retention time is completed then run for 2-propanol, 100 C 2-propanol 140 C
2propanol 100 C n-butanol, 140 C n-butanol,100 n-butanol and unknown sample.
DISCUSSION
Flame Ionic Detector (FID) are suitable in this analysis because (FID) is the most sensitive gas
chromatographic detector for hydrocarbons such as butane or hexane. With a linear range for 6 or 7
orders of magnitude (106 to 107) and limits of detection in the low picogram or femtogram range, the
FID is the most widely and successfully used gas chromatographic detector for volatile hydrocarbons
and many carbon containing compounds.
The efficiency of a GC column can be increase by lengthen the column and reducing the
column diameter.
Secondly, when we run the instrument by manipulating the oven (column) temperature on
the standard mixture at the temperature of 70 C, 100 C and 140 C. We observed that the
distribution of the separation is changing from non-overlap (70degree) bands to over-lapping bands
(140 C). This effect can be explained base on temperature of oven. At different temperature it give
read out the different separation even the sample used is same compound. As conclusion, different
compound have their own specific temperature to give out a good separation of chromatogram.
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
1. http://toxics.usgs.gov/definitions/vocs.html
2. http://www.shsu.edu/chm_tgc/primers/FID.html
3. http://faculty.fiu.edu/~almirall/Lecture21.pdf