HIGHER SECONDARY - SECOND YEAR

BIO-ZOOLOGY

Mark Collections
(ENGLISH MEDIUM)

2013-2014

by

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MARCH-2014 PLUS TWO - BIO ZOOLOGY 3 MARKS

BIO-ZOOLOGY TEST-1 L4 | Q5. Write three uses of

L3 | Q1. Write any two functions of
antibodies.
Agglutination of bacteria and viruses.
Opsonisation of bacteria and viruses
for phagocytosis by the phagocytes.
Neutralization of bacterial toxins.
L3 | Q2. Distinguish between paratope and
epitope.
Paratope:
The part of the antibody.
contact with antigen.
Epitope:
The part of the antigen.
contact with paratope.
L4 | Q3. What are superbugs?
Mention any two uses of them.
Genetically engineered bacteria are
superbugs.
Degrade several aromatic
hydrocarbons
Clearing oil spills in the ocean.
Destroy octanes, xylenes, camphors
and tolunes.
L4 | Q4. What are the uses of
transfected cells?
The production of chemicals and
pharmaceutical drugs.
Study of structure and function of
genes
Production of transgenic animals of
commercial value such as livestock
animals and fishes.
karyotyping.
Helps to identify the sex of individuals
through amniocentesis.
Helps to detect Genetic diseases in
human beings.
Helps to detect Chromosomal
abnormalities such as deletion,
duplication, translocation,
nondisjuntions and aneuploids.
L6 | Q6. Mention the advantages of
autoanalyser?
More Accuracy.
Large number of samples may be
processed in minimal time.
Two or more assays may be performed.
Calculations not required.
L6 | Q7. Mention the three breeds of
indigenous fowls of India.
Aseel.
Chittagong.
Karaknath .
Busra.
L7 | Q8. State Hardy-Weinberg law.
The relative frequencies of genes in a large
population remain constant from generation
to generation in the absence of mutation.

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BIO-ZOOLOGY TEST-2 L6 | Q6. What is computed Tomography

Scan?
L3 | Q1.What are haptens? CTcombines the use of a digital
Small well defined chemical groups computer together with a rotating X-
such as DNP. ray device.
which are not immunogenic on their own To create cross sectional images or
but will react with preformed slices of the different organs.
antibodies.
To make a hapten immunogenic, it must L6 | Q7. Mention any two uses of C.T.
be linked to a carrier molecule which is Scan.
itself immunogenic. Helps in Cancer diagnosis in lung, liver
and pancreas.
L3 | Q2.Autograft : Helps to measure bone mineral density
The tissue of the original donor is for osteoporosis.
grafted back into the same donor. Helps in trauma cases and internal
e.g plastic surgery. bleeding in patients.

L4 | 3.What is protein data bank? L7 | Q8. State Germplasm theory.

The information regarding 3D Any change to the somatoplasm will not have
structure of protein an influence over the germplasm.
stored in a computerized database

L4 | Q4. What is pedigree analysis?

The scrutiny of established matings in
human beings.
To obtain information about the
genetic characters or traits

L4 | Q5. What is DNA library?

Collection of DNA fragments.
Contains all the sequences of a single
organism.

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BIO-ZOOLOGY TEST-3 L6 | Q6.What are the control and

preventive measures of cow-pox diseases?
L3 | Q1.Isograft : Segregation of affected animal,
Graft between syngeneic individuals giving sloppy food for swallowing and
e.g clones or identical twins. digestion,
fomenting udder with warm
L3 | Q2.Allograft : disinfectant solution,
Graft between allogenic individuals Cow shed should be kept clean.
e.g kidney transplantation.
L6 | Q7. Mention any two symptoms of
L4 | 3.Mention the names of genetic Milk fever.
diseases. loss of appetite,
Sickle cell anaemia. temperature becoming below normal,
Thalassemia. pulse rate becoming high,
Albinism. restlessness and become inactive
Huntingtons chorea.
SCID. L7 | Q8. Define Gene pool.
The collection of genes in a population.
L4 | Q4. What are the symptoms of
Thalassemia?
Decrease in the bone marrow activity.
Peripheral haemolysis
Splenomegaly and Hepatomegaly

L4 | Q5. Mention any three scopes of Bio-

informatics.
Helps to create an electronic database
on genomes and protein.
Helps to Provide techniques for 3D
models of biomolecules.
Helps to analyse biological, biochemical
and biophysical data.

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MARCH-2014 PLUS TWO - BIO ZOOLOGY 3 MARKS
BIO-ZOOLOGY TEST-4
L3 | Q1. Define xenograft.
Graft between xenogenic individuals.
Organ transplanted from pig to human,
baboon to human.
L3 | Q2. Name the five classes of
immunoglobulins.
Ig G
Ig A
Ig M
Ig E
Ig D
L4 | 3. What is gene therapy? Mention its
types.
The replacement of corrective genes in
the place of defective genes in human.
Two types
1. Somatic cell gene therapy
2. Germ line cell gene therapy.
L4 | Q4. What is proteomics?
Analysing different proteins in cells
and identifying their respective genes,
which encode them in the cells
In proteomics, the amino acid
sequences are read by automated
sequenators
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L4 | Q5. What is karyogram?
Diagrammatic representation of
chromosomes.
Complete set of human chromosomes
are separated from a cell by a
technique
karyotping and lined up according to
their characteristics.
L6 | Q6. What is artificial insemination?
Deposition of male reproductive cells in the
female reproductive tract by mechanical than
by natural mating.
L6 | Q7. What are the advantages of
artificial insemination?
No need for maintenance of herd sire,
permits long distance transport of
semen by air.
It avoids spreading of genital diseases.
It increases the rate of conception.
L7 | Q8. What is meant by survival of the
fittest?
All living organisms face the struggle
for existence,
organisms possessing adequate
modifications are able to escape and
survive.
modifications due to inherent
variations.
favourable variations make an animal to
be successful in life.
They survive as fittest organsisms in
the environment which gets altered
frequently.
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MARCH-2014 PLUS TWO - BIO ZOOLOGY 3 MARKS

BIO-ZOOLOGY TEST-5 L6 | Q6.List out the different types of

diseases in the cattle.
L3 | Q1. Write any three preventive A.Contagious diseases :
measures of graft rejection.
1.bacterial diseases
Blood groups estimation (ABO and Rh).
1. anthrax,
Testing the presence of cytotoxic
antibodies in the host serum. 2. haemorrhagic
Cross matching of Host and graft 3. septicemia,
tissues . 4. mastitis
5. tuberculosis.
L3 | Q2. What is anaphylaxis? 2.Viral dieases
Sometimes, An allergen may cause a sudden, 1. Cow pox,
violent and fatal reaction in a sensitive
2. Foot and mouth disease
individual. This condition is called
3. Rinderpest.
anaphylaxis.
3. External parasitic diseases :
L4 | 3. Define cloning. 1. flies,
Cloning is an experimental technique wherein, 2. ticks,
a group of genetically identical orgasnisms is 3. mites,
produced. 4. fleas
5. lice.
L4 | Q4. What are the merits of cloning? 4. Internal parasitic diseases :
Cloning will help to maintain
1. Hook worm,
biodiversity.
2. round worm,
The principle could be used to grow
3. tape worm
new human organs from the cloned
4. flukes
stem cells.
B.Non-contagious diseases :
1. Milk fever :
L4 | Q5. Mention any three demerits of
cloning. 2. Constipation :
Cloning cannot produce children like
the children born to genetic mothers. L6 | Q7. Mention the important points to
When animals are created by cloning be considered during selection of eggs.
from somatic cells of the adult,the The fertile egg should be preferred.
longevity of the new born, disease Medium sized eggs should be
tolerance capacity are to be preferred.
considered. Fresh eggs should be preferred.
Cloning also leads to wastage of egg
cells. L7 | Q8. State the theory of inheritance
of acquired characters.
Bodily changes or new characteristics
obtained by an organism during its life time
will get transferred to the next generation.

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BIO-ZOOLOGY TEST-6 L6 | Q6. How will you identify a healthy

L3 | Q1. State the functions of spleen.
Graveyard for aged red blood cells
Reserve tank and setting bed for
blood.
Systematic filter for trapping
circulating blood borne foreign
particles.
L3 | Q2. What is haematopoiesis?
The production of T-lymphocytes and B- is called haemocytometer.
lympho cytes in the bone marrow is called
haematopoiesis.
L4 | 3. Define Bio-informatics.
Bioinformatics deals with the creation and
maintenance of databases of biological
information such as the nucleic acid, gene
sequences and protein sequences.
cattle?
normal health appear bright,
alert
active in their movements
shiny coat.
normal appetite.
normal sleep.
L6 | Q7. What is haemocytometer?
The instrument used to count the blood cells
L7 | Q8. Define polymorphism.
Existence in a natural population of
two or more alleles in frequencies too
large to be explained by recurrent
mutation.
Eg. Sickle cell anaemia in African black
population.

L4 | Q4. Mention any three uses of Bio-

informatics.
Helps to understand gene structure
and protein synthesis.
Helps to know more about the diseases.
Helps to understand more about the
fundamental biology and the thread of
life the DNA.

L4 | Q5. Mention the languages that help

in Bio-informatics.
C,
C++,
JAVA,
FORTRAN,
LINUX,
UNIX
ORACLE

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MARCH-2014 PLUS TWO - BIO ZOOLOGY 3 MARKS
BIO-ZOOLOGY TEST-7
L3 | Q1. What is phagocytosis?
Important mechanism of innate
immunity.
It is performed by leucocytes.
In response to pathogenic infections,
the total count of leucocytes will
increase.
The most important phagocytes are
the macrophages and the neutrophils.
Macrophages engulf microbes,viruses
and cellular debris.
L3 | Q2. Define cell mediated immunity.
T cells (cytotoxic T lymphocytes) is
responsible for Cell mediated
immunity.
An activated cytotoxic lymphocyte is
specific to a target infected cell and
kill by a variety of mechanisms
Cell mediated immunity is also involved
in killing of cancer cells.
L4 | 3. Mention any three scopes of Bio-
informatics.
Helps to create an electronic database
on genomes and protein.
Helps to Provide techniques for 3D
models of biomolecules.
Helps to analyse biological, biochemical
and biophysical data.
L4 | Q4. What are the premier institutes
considered as the authorities in the
nucleotide sequence databases?
1. European Molecular Biology Laboratory
[EMBL]
2. National Centre for Biotechnology
Information [NCBI]
3. DNA data bank of Japan [DDBJ]
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L4 | Q5. Write note on Bubble Boy
Syndrome.
Inherited disease affecting children.
The gene for the disease called ADA
is located in Chromosome -20.
The children suffer from immune
defense mechanism against infection
due to rapid death of all WBC.
SCID is also called Bubble boy
symdrome.
Child is kept in sterile bubble.
L6 | Q6. Mention the three uses of
sphygmomanometer.
1. Helps to estimate the state of blood
circulation
and the working of heart.
2. Helps to diagnose hypertension and
hypotension.
L6 | Q7. State the clinical significance of
Haemocytometer.
Decrease in the number of RBC
indicates anaemia.
Increased in number of RBC indicates
polycythemia.
Increase in number of WBC indicates
bacterial infection and leukemia.
L7 | Q8. Define Pangenesis theory.
Darwin believed .
Every organ in the body very minute .
Such replicate structures of organ will
originate.
Later they are transferred to the
gonads for transmission to future
generations.
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MARCH-2014 PLUS TWO - BIO ZOOLOGY 3 MARKS
BIO-ZOOLOGY TEST-8
L3 | Q1. Comment on L chain of
immunoglobulin.
The smaller chains are called light (L)
chains.
Molecular weight 25000.
Attached to H chain by a disulphide
bond.
L3 | Q2. Comment on H chain of
immunoglobulin.
The larger chains are called heavy (H)
chains.
Molecular weight 50000.
Attached to L chain by disulphide bond.
L4 | 3. Differentiate somatic and germ
line cell gene therapy.
Somatic cell gene therapy:
The patients cells are taken from
blood or bone marrow, or skin and
brain, treated through genetic
engineering and then replaced to the
patient.
These genetic changes will not be
inherited to their children.
Germ line cell gene therapy:
The gene therapy extended to
reproductive cells in order to prevent
the genetic defects.
These genetic changes will be
inherited to their children.
L4 | Q4. What is known as Glowing coal
model?
The computer generated models depict
not only the properties of amino acids
in a protein but also help to understand
the protein function.
One of the computer graphic model is
the Glowing Coal model.
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L4 | Q5. What is cDNA library?
cDNA refers to compolementary DNA.
In cDNA copies of messenger RNA are
made using reverse transcriptase
enzymes.
The cDNA libraries are smaller than
genomic libraries and contain only DNA
molecules for genes.
L6 | Q6. How are the fish ponds
categorised?
Nursery pond,
Rearing pond,
Production pond,
Segregation pond
Breeding pond.
L6 | Q7. What are the Disadvantages of
an autoanalyser :
Impractical for small number of
specimens.
Instruments may fail occasionally.
Additional training of the staff is
needed.
They are expensive.
L7 | Q8. State the view of McDougall.
McDougall did a experiments on rats .
It was claimed that the number of
mistakes committed, gradually got
reduced.
The speed of learning increased from
generation to generation.
he proved learning is an acquired
character.
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BIO-ZOOLOGY TEST-9
L3 | Q1. What are immunosupperessant
drugs?
Suppress the immune response of the
body and prevent graft rejection.
Eg:Cyclosporin and steroids
L3 | Q2. Differentiate active adaptive
immunity from passive adaptive immunity.
Active adaptive immunity is due to the
immune response generated in the
individual by a pathogen or vaccine
passive adaptive immunity is conferred
by transfer of antibodies from an
individual into a non-immune individual.
L4 | 3. Write any three uses of
recombinant DNA technology.
Understanding of struture of
eukaryotic genes and their
components.
Synthesize certain vital life saving
drugs, hormones and antibodies.
Genetic defects in animals as well as
human could be corrected through
gene therapy.
L4 | Q4. Write the symptoms of sickle cell
anaemia.
Persons affected with Sickle cell
anaemia suffer from a fatal
haemolyticanaemia.
The patient dies due to damaged heart,
kidney, spleen andbrain as a result of
clogged vessels or vascular
obstruction.
L4 | Q5. What is a database in bio-
informatics?
Database is a general repository of
voluminous information or records to
be processed by a programme.
Databases are broadly classified as
(i) generalized databases
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(ii) specialized databases.
L6 | Q6. Differentiate artificial incubation
and natural incubation.
The maintanance of newly laid eggs in
optimum condition till hatching is called
incubation.
Natural incubation
The eggs are subjected to the care of
mother.
Only a limited number of eggs can be
incubated by a mother hen.
Artificial incubation
The eggs are maintained in a
chamber(incubator) which stimulates
the optimum environmental condition.
More number of eggs can be incubated.
L6 | Q7. What is Brooding and its types?
Brooding is the care and management of
young chickens for four to six weeks
immediately after hatching.
Natural Brooding
day-old chickens are left to the care
of mother
Artificial Brooding
temperature controlled artificial
brooder is used.
L7 | Q8. Mention any three objections to
Darwinism.
Darwin could not explain, the origin and
cause for variations.
He overemphasized the importance of
the fittest organisms.
Over specializastion as in Irish deer
and its consequent harmful effect on
animals had not been accounted for by
Darwin.
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MARCH-2014 PLUS TWO - BIO ZOOLOGY 3 MARKS

BIO-ZOOLOGY TEST-10 L6 | Q6 How will you identify Catla catla

L3 | Q1. Name the primary lymphoid Identifying features of Catla catla

organs.
The bone marrow, Has a deep body with prominent head,
The thymus large upturned mouth,
The bursa of fabricius in birds, non-fringed lips, devoid of barbells
a broad dorsal fin with 14-16 branched
L3 | Q2. Name the secondary lymphoid rays
organs.
The spleen,
lymph nodes L6 | Q7. How will you identify Labeo
MALT rohita

L4 | 3. What is differentiation? Identifying features of Labeo rohita

In zygote, multitudes of cells arise from
mitotic divisions of the fertilized egg cell.
These cells later become distinct cell types
differing in form and function. This process
is called differentiation.
L4 | Q4. What is human genome project
(HGP)
Human gene bank or the genome database is
the collection of sequenced genes and genetic drift become founders of a new
cataloging of them for future use. They
represent the fundamental data.
Has a small and pointed head,
Terminal small mouth with fringed
lower lip.
A dorsal fin with 12-13 branched rays
and full reddish scales .
L7 | Q8. Define founder principle.
When a small group of individuals due to
population the phenomenon is termed as
founder principle.

L4 | Q5. What is pedigree analysis?

The scrutiny of established matings in
human beings.
To obtain information about the
genetic characters or traits.

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1. HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY 8. List out the essential amino acids.

PUBLIC EXAM. QUESTIONS M-Methionine,
[ BLUE PRINT- 2 QUESTION ] P-Phenylalanine,
H-Histidine,
1. Mention the symptoms of pellagra. I-Isoleucine,
mental changes, L-Leucine,
dementia, L-Lycine,
dermatitis
stomatitis. A-Arginine,
The tongue becomes smooth, red and T-Threonine
painful.
T-Tryptophan
2. What is optometry? V-Valine,
The practice of assessing vision and establishing
glasses or contact lenses are needed to correct 9. What is called coronary angioplasty?
any visual defect. An operation done to clear flow of blood when the
coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked by
3. What is Kwashiorkor? fatty deposits with the help of a baloon catheter.
Mention its symptoms.
Reduction in the intake of protein. 10. What is called Bronchitis?
Symptoms Mention its types.
wastage of muscles Inflammation of the bronchi.
face and feet have oedema. Types:
The belly region will appear enlarged. acute bronchitis
chronic bronchitis.
4. What is cataract? Mention its types.
Opacity in the lens of the eye. 11. What is PUFA? Give an example.
Types: PUFA - Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids.
nuclear cataract Favoured for persons having high BP.
peripheral cataract. Eg:sunflower oil and safflower oil.

5. Write the characters of osteomalacia.
Vitamin D and Calcium deficiency.
bone pain and tenderness.
brittleness in the bones.
6. What is Herring-Breur reflex?
Alveoli are stretched during inspiration
The receptors send stimuli to the
expiratory center of the medulla through
the vagus nerve
which inhibits further inspiration.
This sequence of events is called Herring-
Breuer reflex.
7. What are the types of cataracts?
Nuclear cataract
Peripheral cataract.
12. Identify two reasons for cataract.
Aging,
Sun light exposure,
Smoking,
Poor nutrition,
Diseases like diabetes mellitus
13. What is obesity?
Obesity is due to storage of excess of fat
in the body.
A level of 10% above the standard weight
14. What is corpus luteum?
After the discharge of the ovum from the
Graffian follicle , ruptured follicle form a
new structure called corpus luteum.
Hormone -progesterone.

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MARCH-2014 PLUS TWO - BIO ZOOLOGY 3 MARKS
15. What is angiogram? 3.Reservoir of hormones and nutrition for the
Special contrast X-ray and can be used to detect brain and spinal cord.
an abnormality in a blood vessel such as narrowing
of a large diseased artery. 23. Classify monosaccharides.
Depending on the number of carbon atoms the
16. What is vasectomy? monosaccharides are classified as
Permanent birth control in male. trioses,
Removal of a part of the vas deferens and pentoses
ligated. hexoses.

17. What is Tubectomy? 24. Mention the functions of corpus luteum.

Permanent birth control in female. Corpus luteum releases a large quantity of
Removal of a part of the fallopian tube and progesterone and smaller amount of oestrogen
ligated. into the blood during menstrual cycle.

18.Mention the symptoms of Marasmus. 25. What are the enzymes present in the
Child loses weight pancreatic juice?
Severe diarrhoea Trypsin,
Body muscles get wasted. Chymo trypsin,
It will appear as though the bones are Amylase,
covered by the skin. Lipase,
Carboxy peptidase
19.Mention the different types of Hernia. Nuclease
Inguinial hernia,
Femoral hernia and 26. What is silent infarction?
Umbilical hernia. About one in five people experience no
chest pain in myocardial infarction.
20. Write the three phases of Menstrual There may be fainting, sweating and pale
cycle. skin.
1. The follicular phase - 5th - 14th day. This pattern of symptom is known as
2. The luteal phase - (15th - 28th day) silent infarction.
3. The menstrual phase - (1st - 5th day)
27. What is called cardio-pulmonary
21. What is Rheumatic arthritis? resuscitation?
Generalized disease affecting the Administration of the life-saving measures
connective tissues of the whole body. of external cardiac compression massage
It is an inflammation of synovial Mouth to mouth resuscitation to someone
membrane. collapsing with cardiac arrest.
Auto immune origin.
It is due to immunological disorder against 28. Enumerate the characters of myxoedema.
an unknown antigen. low BMR
dry, coarse, scaly skin
22. Write any three functions of cerebrospinal puffy and bloated face
fluid. hoarse voice
1.Cushions the brain against mechanical shock slow speech
when the head moves. slow thought processes
2.Protective covering for the CNS and confers poor memory
buoyancy to brain. low blood pressure

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29. Define Basal Metabolic Rate.
Amount of heat produced in the body in a given
time, in complete state of physical and mental
rest at 20o C room temperature.
30.Name the muscles involved in respiration.
Diaphragm,
external intercostal muscle
internal intercostal muscle
31. What are the symptoms and signs of
Pneumonia?
Fever,
chills,
shortness of breath
cough that produces yellowgreen sputum
32. Suggest any three methods for eye care.
Eye examination should be done
periodically.
Care should be taken while removing the
dust to avoid damage.
Self medication should be avoided.
33. What is called as peritonitis?
If a treatment is delayed the infected
appendix may rupture and result in
infections in the abdomen.
The serious infection is called as
peritonitis.
34.State the functions of lipids.
Important cellular constituents.
Energy rich compounds.
Storage food in the body.
Insulating material.
35.Define BMI.
BMI refers to Body Mass Index.
Weight in Kg. divided by the square of
height in meters.
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MICROBIOLOGY
PUBLIC EXAM QUESTIONS
[ BLUE PRINT- 2 QUESTION ]
1. What is meant by diploid cell strain?
viral culture.
Derived by primary cell cultures from a
specific issues like lung or kidney which is
of embryonic origin.
These diploid cells are the most employed
host of choice for the production of
human vaccine virus.
2. Mention any two pathogenic protozoans.
Giardia intestinalis - diarrhoea
Plasmodium sp. - Malaria
Entamoeba histolytica - Amoebiasis
3. What is amoebiasis?
By Entamoeba histolytica.
The vegetative trophozoite form is
pathogenic.
The blood and the ulcer contents pour into
the lumen of the intestine and pass out as
bloody stool.
4. Enumerate the methods of diagnosis of
AIDS.
ELISA
Sensitive preliminary blood test
Used to detect HIV antibodies.
Western Blot
Confirmatory test,
highly specific and based on specific
antibodies to viral core proteins.
5. What are viruses? Why are they referred
to as obligate intracellular parasite?
Viruses are infectious agents.
Smaller than bacteria.
Incapable of independent growth in
artificial media.
Can grow only in animal or plant cells or in
microorganisms.
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MARCH-2014 PLUS TWO - BIO ZOOLOGY 3 MARKS
6. Define zoonoses.
Parasitic infections which man acquires from
animals.
7. Write the symptoms of cholera.
vomiting,
profuse diarrheal stool (ricewater stool)
severe dehydration,
loss of minerals,
increased blood acidity
haemoconcentration.
8. Mention various morphological features of
bacteria.
Spherical,rod,spiral shaped.
Pairs, clusters, chains, trichomes and
filaments arrangement.
Appendages are visible by special staining
techniques or by electron microscopy.
9. Write any three characteristics of a good
chemotherapeutic agent.
Destroys the activity of a disease.
Able to penetrate the cells and can
encounter the pathogens.
It leaves the hosts natural defense.
10. List out the names of any three oncogenic
viruses.
Adenoviruses,
Polioma virus,
SV-40
11. Write notes on Gastroenteritis.
By Salmonella cholerasuis.
The bacteria reach the blood stream from
the intestinal tract, where it multiplies.
It causes recurring high fever, chills, loss
of appetite and weight loss.
12. What is continuous cell line culture?
Viral culture.
Capable of an infinite number of doublings.
Such cell lines may arise with the mutation
of a cell strain or more commonly from the
established cell cultures from malignant
tissue.
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Many viruses, which are difficult or
impossible to grow have been cultured in
continuous cell lines.
13. Write the crowning achievements of Louis
Pasteur.
Pasteurisation of milk,
Development of techniques to reduce
virulence of infectious organisms,
developed vaccines,
1.cholera vaccine,
2.anthrax vaccine
3.rabies vaccine in man.
14. What is transduction?
Bacteriophages acts as a vector, transfering a
portion of DNA from one bacterium (donor) to
another (recepient).
15. What does the term Zooanthroponoses
refer?
Infections in which man is not merely an
incidental host but an essential link in the life
cycle of the
parasite. Eg. Beef and Pork tapeworm.
16. Define transduction, What are its types?
Bacteriophages acts as a vector, transfering a
portion of DNA from one bacterium (donor) to
another (recepient).
Generalized transduction.
Specialized transduction.
17. What is meant by chicken embryo
technique?
Method of Virus culture
fertile chicken eggs incubated for 5 to 12
days
Inoculated with the virus particles
through the shell,
The opening may be sealed with paraffin
wax.
The eggs are incubated at 36o C are ideal
sources for the growth of viruses.
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18. Define microbiology.
Study of form, structure, reproduction,
physiology, metabolism and classification of
microorganisms.
19. Mention the use of pure culture technique.
Joseph Lister obtained a pure culture of
the organism Bacterium lactis and also
found the importance of pure culture
which form the suitable media for the
growth of microorganisms, responsible for
infections, fermentation, nitrogen fixation
in soil etc.,
The pure culture techniques lead to
developments in modern microbiology.
20. Classify the different types of malaria.
Vivax malaria Plasmodium vivax
Quartan Malaria Plasmodium malariae
Ovale Malaria Plasmodium ovale
Pernicious Malaria Plasmodium falciparum
21. List out notable antibiotics.
1. Antibacterial - Ampicillin, Tetracyclin and
Erythromycin.
2. Antifungal Griseofulvin and Imidazole
3. Antiviral Amantidine,Cycloguanosine and
Interferons
4. Antitumour Anthromycin group
22. Write the characteristics of species
resistance.
Species resistance is a type of natural resistance
and it confers resistance to the individuals of a
specific species.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
PUBLIC EXAM QUESTIONS
[ BLUE PRINT- 1 QUESTION ]
1. What are biomedical wastes? How are they
disposed of?
bio-medical wastes.
Human anatomical wastes,
discarded medicines,
toxic drugs,
blood,
pus,
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animal wastes,
microbiological
biotechnological wastes
disposed off
usually disposed off by incineration.
2. Mention biosphere reserves of Tamil Nadu.
The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve
Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve
3. What is non-biodegradable waste?
Give an example.
The substances which are normally not
acted upon and decomposed bymicrobes
are non-biodegradable wastes.
Examples:
mineral waste,
mining waste,
metallic and plastics substances
industrial wastes.
4. Define biodiversity.
Variability among living organisms from all
sources including terrestrial, marine and
other aquatic ecosystems
Ecological complexes of which they are
parts.
It is usually considered at three levels like
genetic diversity, species diversity and
ecosystem diversity.
5. What is greenhouse effect?
The trapping of energy from the sun by
certain gases in the atmosphere leading to
the rise in earths temperature is known as
green house effect.
These gases are known as green house gas.
6. What is meant by seeding of clouds?
It is a method of freshwater management.
Seeding clouds with dry ice or potassium iodide
sometimes can initiate rain if water laden clouds
and conditions that favour precipitation are
present.
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7. What are the advantages of solar energy?
Universal, decentralized and non-polluting
energy.
Helps in maintaining the ecological balance
through the process of photosynthesis and
green house effect.
None of the disadvantages found in the
combustion of fossilfuels such as coal, oil 13. The future source of energy is Hydrogen.
and gas.
8. What is global warming?
Global warming refers to an average increase in
the earths temperature, which in turn causes
changes in climate. This will cause dramatic
changes such as rise in sea level, changes in
rainfall patterns, wide range of impact on plants,
wildlife and humans.
9. Mention any three causes of global warming.
The green house gases like water vapour,
carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide and methane 14. What is meant by ozone hole?
are esponsible for global warming.
If these gases increase in atmosphere the
green house effect becomes strong and it
could make the earth warmer than usual.
Global warming cause problems for
humans,plants and animals.
10. List out the names of any three bio-
reserves in India.
The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve in
Tamil Nadu
Nokrek Biosphere in Megalaya
Nanda Devi Biosphere in Uttar Pradesh
11. What are the effects of ozone depletion?
1. Effect on plants:
It will affect crop yield and forest productivity.
2. Effect on animals:
It will cause damage to fish larvae and other
small animals.
3. Effect on human health:
It results in non-melanoma skin cancer and
melanoma, acute erythema, ocular abnormalities,
cataract and also it affect immune responses.
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12. What are ozone depleting substances?
Chloroflurocarbons
Freon gases,
Bromine compounds on halons,
Nitrogen oxides
Methyl bromide.
Why?
Hydrogen can be produced in virtually
unlimited quantities.
Hydrogen can meet all the energy needs of
human society, including power generation
more efficiently and more conomically
than petro fuels and with total
compatibility with the environment.
It is non-toxic, reasonably safe to handle,
distribute and use as a fuel.
It has the highest mass energy content.
The part of the atmosphere where ozone
is most depleted is referred as Ozone
hole.
It is not a real hole but a vast region of
the upper atmosphere where there is less
ozone than elsewhere.
Ozone hole or loss was first detected in
the stratosphere over the Antarctic
region.
15. Define Biosphere reserve.
A biosphere reserve is a unique concept which
includes one or more protected areas and
surrounding lands that are managed to combine
both conservation and sustainable use of natural
resources.
16. What is meant by bio-remediation?
Cleaning the environment with biological
options such as microbes and plants is
called bioremediation.
Eg. Gibberella fusarium able to breakdown
cyanide and reduce it to a non-toxic form.
Pseudomonas the superbug is capable of
degrading variety of toxic compounds and
also degrade oil.
MARCH-2014 PLUS TWO - BIO ZOOLOGY 3 MARKS
17. Write any two characteristics of a 22. Write the characteristics of a bioreserve.
bioreserve. 1. Bioreserve is a regional centre for monitoring,
1) It is a regional centre for monitoring, research, education and training on natural and
research, education and training on natural and managed ecosystems.
managed eco system 2. It is a land or coastal or marine area in which
s. people are an integral
2) It is a symbol of voluntary co-operation and component, and which is managed for objectives,
usage resources for the well being of people ranging from
everywhere. complete protection to intensive yet sustainable
production.
18. Mention the reasons for decline of 3. It is a place where government decision
biodiversity. makers, scientists, managers and local people
1. Natural causes : cooperate in developing a model programme for
Studies of the fossil record suggest that more managing land and water to meet human needs
than 99% of all species ever existed are now while conserving natural processes and biological
extinct. Most of them were gone resources.
before humans came on the scene. At the end of
Permian period about 250 million years ago, a 23. What is known as geothermal energy?
greater disaster wiped 2/3of all marine species Geothermal plants make use of naturally
and half of all plant and animal families. heated steam drawn to the surface
2. Human caused reduction : through a series of boreholes.
Natural areas are converted to farms, housing The Hot Dry Rock technology is suitable
subdivisions, shopping malls, marinas and for India to make use of the geothermal
industrial centres. For example, when a forest is energy.
cleared, it is not just the trees that are
destroyed, but also other plants and animals are 24. What is known as relative poverty?
destroyed temporarily or permanently. A condition of having fewer resources or less
income than others within society or country
19. Define ecology. when compared to worldwide averages is known as
Ecology or environmental science can be defined the relative poverty.
as the study of
organisms in relation to their surrounding.

20. How does population growth differ from

food production?
The population growth is faster than food
production and it may lead to global starvation.

21. How is the sewage water treated by

primary treatment method?
The primary treatment of sewage consists
of mechanical filtration,screening, settling
and followed by chlorination.
It removes 50 to 65% of the suspended
solids.

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