?

()

QoS

7-1


r
r
r

r
r QoS
r QoS

7-2


7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4 RTPRTCPSIP
7.5
7.6

7-3
MM

MM

1) r

2) m

3) m
r

(Jitter) r

7-4


r
r
r

r

7-5
?

2.

1. 3.

7-6


r VCR
FF
m 10
m 1-2OK

7-7


r
r
()
r
r
r

r
r !
7-8


r IP

r
m < 150< 400
()

r
m IP ?

7-9

TCP/UDP/IP
r

? ? ?
? ? ?
QoS ?
!
? ? ? ?

()

7-10



r r


r

r
r
r
?
m

7-11

r r 8000/256
--> 64,000 bps
m 8,000/ r
m CD 44,100/
r m

m 28 = 256 r CD1.411 Mbps

r MP396128160 kbps
r
r 5.3 kbps


m 8 256

7-12

r
r MPEG 1 (CD-ROM) 1.5 Mbps
m 24 r MPEG2 (DVD) 3-6 Mbps
r r MPEG4 (
< 1 Mbps)
m

r ()
r (redundancy)
m
m ()
m (
)

7-13


r 7.1
r 7.2
r 7.3
r 7.4 RTPRTCPSIP
r 7.5
r 7.6

7-14


m
r
m UDP v.s. TCP r
m r
r

7-15


r
r HTTP
m
m

r !

7-16


r
r
r
r /
7-17


r HTTP
r UDPTCP
7-18


time

r

7-19


r

7-20
UDPTCP
UDP
r (!)
m = =
m =
r (2-5 )
r
TCP
r TCP
r TCP
r TCP
r HTTP/TCP
7-21

1.5 Mbps

28.8 Kbps

Q?
m 28.8 Kbps
m 100Mbps

7-22
RTSP

HTTP
r r /
r

RTSPRFC 2326
r
r -
(UDP
r
TCP)

r

/

7-23
RTSP
FTP RTSP
r RTSP
r TCP
m 554
r ( r

)TCP

r

7-24
RTSP

r
r
r RTSP

7-25

<title>Twister</title>
<session>
<group language=en lipsync>
<switch>
<track type=audio
e="PCMU/8000/1"
src = "rtsp://audio.example.com/twister/audio.en/lofi">
<track type=audio
e="DVI4/16000/2" pt="90 DVI4/8000/1"
src="rtsp://audio.example.com/twister/audio.en/hifi">
</switch>
<track type="video/jpeg"
src="rtsp://video.example.com/twister/video">
</group>
</session>

7-26
RTSP

7-27
RTSP
CSETUP rtsp://audio.example.com/twister/audio RTSP/1.0
Transportrtp/udp; compression; port=3056; mode=PLAY

SRTSP/1.0 200 1 OK
Session 4231

CPLAY rtsp://audio.example.com/twister/audio.en/lofi RTSP/1.0

Session4231
Rangenpt=0-

CPAUSE rtsp://audio.example.com/twister/audio.en/lofi RTSP/1.0

Session4231
Rangenpt=37

CTEARDOWN rtsp://audio.example.com/twister/audio.en/lofi RTSP/1.0

Session4231

S200 3 OK

7-28


r 7.1
r 7.2
r 7.3
r 7.4 RTPRTCPSIP
r 7.5
r 7.6

7-29

r PC--PC
m Skype PCPC

r PC--
m Dialpad
m
m Skype
r

m Skype
m Polycom 7-30


r
m 64 kbps
m
m 8Kbytes20
160
r
r +UDP
r 20UDP
socket

7-31


r IP(
)
r IP
m ()

m 400

r
1% 10%

7-32


()

r
20()

7-33


r q
m tt+q
m t+q

r q
m q
m q

7-34

20
r
p
p

7-35
 (1)
r
r
m
m
m 20

ti = i
ri =
pi =
ri - ti = i
di = i

di (1 u)di 1 u( ri ti )

u (u = .01)
7-36
(2)

vi

vi (1 u)vi 1 u | ri ti di |
divi(
)

pi ti di Kvi
K

7-37
 (3)

Q?
r
m > 20 -->

r
m > 20 -->

7-38
 (1)
(FEC) r
n+1
r n r
n m n
m n
r n+1
1/n m n
r n+1

n

7-39
 (2)

FEC

64 kbpsPCM

13 kbpsGSM
.

(n-1)(n-2)

7-40
 (3)

r r

r 45
r

r
7-41
(CDN)(CDNs)

r
()
r

m CDN
m

()
m CDN /

7-42
(CDNs)

r CDN ( Akamai)
(CNN)
r CDN CDN

r CDN

7-43
 CDN www.foo.com/sports/sports.html
HTTP
1

www.cdn.com
2
DNS
CDN DNS
3

www.cdn.com/www.foo.com/sports/ruth.gif
HTTP

CDN

(www.foo.com) CDN (cdn.com)

r HTML r gif
r r DNS
http//www.foo.com/sports.ruth.gif

http://www.cdn.com/www.foo.com/sports/ruth.gif
7-44
CDNs

r CDN ISPCDN

r DNS
m ISP
m CDN

r CDN

7-45

r UDPTCP()

r
r
m
m
r (UDP)
m FEC
m
r CDN

7-46


r 7.1
r 7.2
r 7.3
r 7.4 RTPRTCPSIP
r 7.5
r 7.6

7-47
RTP (Real-Time Protocol )
r RTP r RTP
r RTPUDP
r RFC 3550
r RTP r
m
m RTP

m

7-48
UDPRTP
RTPUDP
IP

7-49
RTP

r RTP r RTP

64 kbpsPCM
r m


r RTP
20 =
160
r RTP
RTP
UDP
7-50
RTPQoS

r RTP
(QoS)
r RTP

m RTP

7-51
 RTP

(7 )

0PCM -law64 kbps

3GSM13 kbps
7LPC2.4 kbps
26Motion JPEG
31. H.261
33MPEG2 video

(16 )RTP1

7-52
RTP (2)

r (32) RTP

m 1(8 kHz
125)

m 160
RTP160

r SSRC (32) RTPRTP

SSRC

7-53
RTSP/RTP

r RTP
m RTPUDP
UDP socket
m
m RTP
r RTSP
m
m RTSP

7-54
RTP(RTCP)

r RTP r
r RTP
RTCP m


r RTCP
/
m

7-55
 RTCP

RTP

RTPRTCP

RTPRTCP

RTCP

7-56
RTCP

r r

RTPSSRC
r SSRC/

r RTPSSRC

7-57


r RTCPRTP r RTCP
(RTP
r )
m RTP
m
RTP r
r RTP


m

7-58
RTCP

r RTCP r 75 kbps
5%
m R
r 2 Mbps 75/R kbps
RTCP RTCP
100 r 25 kbpsRTCP
Kbps

r RTCP75%
r RTCP
25%
RTCP

()

7-59
SIP [RFC 3261]

SIP

r
r

r IP

7-60
 SIP

r SIP r IP

m m
IP
r
m m


m
m
m
m

7-61
IP

AliceSIP
IP
Alice(PCM
ulaw)

Bob200 OK
IP
(GSM)

SIPTCPUDP
RTP/UDP

SIP5060

7-62
 ()

r r
m BobPCM ulaw m Bob

m Bob606 Not
Acceptable Reply
r RTP


Alice
INVITE

7-63
SIP
INVITE sip:bob@domain.com SIP/2.0
ViaSIP/2.0/UDP 167.180.112.24
Fromsip:alice@hereway.com Bob
Tosip:bob@domain.com
IPSIP
Call-IDa2e3a@pigeon.hereway.com
Content-Typeapplication/sdp
Content-Length885
Alice SIP 506
c=IN IP4 167.180.112.24 SIP
m=audio 38060 RTP/AVP 0
AliceVia
SIPUDP

SIP
r HTTP
r sdp =
r Call-ID

7-64


r r
m (
)
r m (
IP )

m m (

m DHCP
)
m IP
(PCPDA) SIP
r SIP
r SIP

7-65
 SIP
r BobSIPSIP
Bob
()

REGISTER sip:domain.com SIP/2.0

ViaSIP/2.0/UDP 193.64.210.89
Fromsip:bob@domain.com
Tosip:bob@domain.com
Expires3600

7-66
SIP

r Alice
m sipbob@domain.com

r SIP
m

r
r SIPAlice
m BobIP

r DNS

7-67

jim@umass.edu
keith@upenn.edu

(1) JimINVITE
umassSIP
(2)
upenn
(3) upenn

keith@eurecom.fr

4) UmassINVITEeurecom (5) eurecom

INVITE197.87.54.21keithSIP (6-8) SIP
(9)
SIP 7-68
H.323

r H.323 r H.323ITU()
r SIPIETF
r H.323 HTTP
m SIPWeb
H.323

r SIPKISS
r SIP (Keep it simple
RTP stupid)

7-69


r 7.1
r 7.2
r 7.3
r 7.4 RTPRTCPSIP
r 7.5
r 7.6

7-70

r
m

r
m
m (VIPvs
)

r
0111


r ToS

7-71


H3
H1
R1 R2

H4
H2 R1 1.5 Mbps

7-72
1FTP
r 1Mbps IPFTP1.5 Mbps
m FTP
m FTP

R1 R2

1


7-73
QOS ()
r ()
m
r
m ATM UNI ()
1 Mbps

R1 R2

1.5 Mbps

2
()
7-74
QOS ()

r ()

1 Mbps 1 Mbps
R1
R2

1.5 Mbps

0.5 Mbps

3

7-75


r
r FIFO ()
m
m ?

/
/

7-76


r
m

/IP
m

7-77


r
r ()
r

7-78


r
r
r

7-79


r () ()

m 100
6000 !
r 6000(ppm)
1500 ppm
r ()

7-80


r b
r r/
r t(rt + b)
7-81
 ()

r WFQ
QoS !

b

R
WFQ

D = b/R
max

7-82
IETF

r
m
m

r (
)
m

7-83


r

b ..
.

7-84

r A B
r

r
r

7-85


r IPv4(TOS)IPv6

r 6 (DSCP)
PHB
r 2

7-86


r ()
r

7-87
(PHB)

r PHB ()

r PHBPHB

r
m A x%

m A B

7-88
(PHB)

PHB
r

m

r 4
m
m

7-89


r 7.1
r 7.2
r 7.3
r 7.4 RTPRTCPSIP
r 7.5
r 7.6

7-90
 QOS ()

1 Mbps
R1
R2

1 Mbps 1.5 Mbps

4
QoS
()

7-91
QoS
r
m (RSVP)
m QoS
m

m QoS
(WFQ)

7-92
IETF

r IPQOS

r QOS
(VC)
r /

QOS

7-93


r QOS
m R-specQOS

r
m T-spec

r R-spec T-spec (
)
m RSVP

7-94
 [rfc2211rfc 2212]

r r
QoS
r ()
[Parekh 1992Cruz 1988]

b
R

WFQ

D = b/R
max
7-95


IP
()
IP
+ =

r QoS
()
r RSVPResource Reservation Protocol [RFC 2205]
m
!

r ST-II [RFC 1819]

7-96
RSVP

1. ()
2.
3.
4. /

5. (
)
6.

7-97
RSVP

r
r
r
r
r
r
r ()()

7-98
 RSVP
r
m RSVP
m
r
m
m
r
m
m
r
m
m

7-99


r
r
r

r
r QoS
r QoS
m
m QoS

7-100