© = Let's remember : Let's remember the laws of rational indices which we have learnt in Std. 7. ® Fill in the blanks = (1) stx 3 = Q) Be Pat Oar ) (= 9 el (5) (.P = 4 x mi? @ (2) = z ® =~ Let's learn new : ® = Laws of natural indices : (1) Law of multiplication : In the earlier class we have learnt that ‘during multiplication of two rational indices with same base then their indices are added with same base.' Aegices, Repeated multiplication Result Biz 2 2x2x2x2x«2 B= PH (-8)8 x (-8)* | (8)<(-8)x(-8) (-8)<(-8)x<(-8)x(-8) | (-8)7 = (-8)54 Therefore, a” x a" = a"; where a = Rand m,n e NCS: Rational Indies) Example 1 : Simplify : (1) 03) (03) (03) @) Wafx~ry n and a #0, then a” + a" = a™~" (i) If m 5 First method : 2 x (4) x 2% Second method : 2° x (2) x 2% = 2x (218 x 26 eee k yt > 2 3 =2x 25% 26 = 2x 2x2 =s 2B = ps6 -£ =28 ~2Example 7 : Simplify : (1) (Sx?) x x5)" (2p + (15x*)? Bx 6S 5634 ct Gx5xx7)? Sx x34 xxl? 3x5? xx? ab yc53 yg Stl? 3 xs? xxt ahxsxr® 3 xs? xx? = 3 x Px =Pxsixx =9X SK = 45x? 1. Fill in the (1) (st ax 1 aly = (6) (V5) = 2. Simplify : (1) 23x === blanks by choosing proper options (2) (zoos (2) » xt x =a xxx ye FZ y y xixab xy?xy? yx? axa x yh axyt 2. the ax ve XY pha ((a) 64, (b) -12, ©) 4] fas", ih wd [@) a, ) a, [@) (2) (¢ yn te fayn—" (aby" ) 3%, ©) 37) (©) 64) ©) @] gb) 2%, © 41 [@ V5, () 1, ©) (5) (3) 4a? x (4) + (2a?3. Evaluate : (1) 2x 2x2 (2) ay x 32x35 (3) (8 x 124) + 27 * ® = Fractional (rational) indices : Now, from the table comparing number and square root of square of the number we get, 1l- we wn " Now, V3? =3 Result (1) Here, 3 is square root of 3%. Now, let's find such indices of 3? such that value is 3. If, we take such rational indices of 3? which when multiplied with 3, then rational indices is 1. (Law of power of power) The reciprocal of two inverse numbers is 1 and so reciprocal of 2 = . 1 1 Thus, (3°)? = 3° =3'=3 Result (2) Comparing result (1) and result (2) we get, i 3- VP - 6)? Here, the symbol of square root (J”) is denoted by index 4. Therefore, 2 = number. 1 i 1 , 3 = 32, V5 = 52 and vx = x2; where x is a real positivei Similarly, for symbol of cube root Y°, Ye = x3, for symbol of fourth root i 1 , Ye = x4, for symbol of fifth root &, YF = x5, for symbol of mth root Ll yw, We = x", wherene N. 1 Therefore, if x is a positive real number and n © N, then Yx = x” can be written. Example 8 : For a = 64, m= 3, n= 4 verify a"xa"=a"'". LS. = a" a” RES. = a" 3 1 ay = (64)? « (64> = 64)? 3 3 1 L = (2%)? x (25° = (4)6 ed eed u = "2x "3 = 2%) =P?x 2 =2" = 22 =2" Therefore, a” x a” = a" Note : To show exponent (indices) form of any number, write that number as exponent form of prime number. Example 9 : For a= 64, m= 3, n= } verify (a")" = a", LHS. = (a")" RHS. =a™ 21 2d = (645)? = 432 21 i = 3)? = 2% 1 1 = Qt? = 23 =? -2 =4 =4 Therefore, (a")" = a™nal Ine Example 10 : For a= 27, b= 8, m= 4 verify (ab)"= a"b" LHS. = (ab)" RH.S. = a"b" i doa = (27x8)3 = 273 x83 i iil = 8x23 = BRP Lo = FS =3x2 1d = P3973 -6 =3x2=6 L.HS. = RH. Therefore, (ab)” = ab” Example 11 : Simplify : Second method + 1 343)3 (1) lL = 7 2 a 5S = Ps - | 3 2 , 2 pe 3 = =3 =3 - aa as 34 ~ 125 , 2 a 2 un -9 4 4 =o =a 24 24» where (x > 0). 4 6,ot = (A oe SI x whe —si a oo als a oo cy " oe Therefore, (xJxJ' =x". 1. Evaluate : (1) 9 (2) ns (3) (23) (4) os 1 1 2 =3 3 oot ot may? 0% 1! Lot 2. Prove that, 53 x(2)° x. tout 3. If x = 243, then find the value of x° xx ° 1 4. Verify : (1) Jeas - 5927 — (100)? =0 (2) jsp? +1] ian? | = 201. 3. Xercis Fill in the blanks : (1) (81)? = Q) 8x xen G3) @y4 (4) (YP YP = sree 1s © Bato ( [gf = rye aye ay sit 2, 2 3 4 (0° )6 xx7 x(x) Simplify : (1) J°r "Tr | fF], @>0) @) SS Bla) (2 (273 x(x6)8xx7 Evaluate : ofa x{E]s4 0 © (5) = (a * BY giy 2B 4. Prove that : "=> 2 1 a a 5. Prove that S07 ¢ 5" _ 1 = 9 eM — ent —_(243)8 6. Prove : [(@Y(@y'F = a (x, y, 2 € Q) 7. Ifx > Oand x,y,z € Q and a, 4, c are non-zero integers, then prove that (sfflef ley Answers > 7S Practice 1 1. (1) 12 (2) 2 (3) 3 (4) 9 (5) 1 ©) 2, 4 (7) 4, 4 (8) (ay or 1 (9) & (10) @ 2. (1) 28 (2) (3)P_ 3) a (4) 7 6) 5 (6) zee Practice 2 1. (ce (Qa (Bc (4)a (5)b (6)b 2. (1) cad ame om 3) & 3 (+ Q)1 6) F Practice 3 1 3 @9 6 F @2 65 O2 MR |F 31 Exercise 5 @1 6% MF O1 On Msk &3 x 1 2 (- @1 3.) sor1d @)F G2 |)I ——