15 Ex 06 - Communication Scheme PO

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Training Course SEP-602A EXERCISE 6

Power Automation & Substation
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REL670 A32 : Communication Schemes: POTT

Task
REL670 with impedance protection configured and set according to Exercise1 will be
configured and set to correctly perform PERMISSIVE OVERREACHING communication
scheme trip, with Weak Infeed logic activated.
Tests are carried in the following ways:
Continue from the PCM600 project you have done previously.

Configure the carrier receive signal to a proper Binary Input by using SMT (if not done
already)
Enter correct settings for ZCOM and ZCAL and download them in the IED
Test the communication scheme with test set.
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SA.T. Training SEP-602A 2007-09-13 Page 1 of 17
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1. SET distance protection to the correct values
Distance protection settings (ZM, PHS and SOTF) are according to exercise5. SOTF
function should be set to Automatically detect the CB closing action.
NOTHING should be artificially set OFF.
2. Configure the carrier receive signal to a proper Binary Input by using SMT (if not
done previously):
In this exercise the carrier receive signal is supposed to be received by the IED via a
binary input. Open SMT and connect a suitable binary input to the virtual input ZM CR
representing the carrier receive signal1:
Download the SMT configuration into the IED.
1
If you want you can also turn one LED on the HMI when the signal is received, as it is done in the picture
with LED N. 7 (the first of the yellow ones).
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3. Enter correct settings for ZCOM and ZCAL and download them in the IED
Correct settings for ZCOM to perform PTT scheme are the followings:
Note that tCoord timer is set to zero2.
ZCAL is set ON and set to send echo carrier and trip local CB.
Write settings into the IED.
2
Coordination Time is used in blocking schemes. In permissive schemes like PUTT or POTT, there is no
need to wait. As soon as the carrier is received and the local fault detection is achieved (ZM02-START) the
trip command can be issued.
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4. Test the PU communication scheme with test-set.
Before you inject the faults, in order to avoid misunderstandings, it is suggested to

CLEAR the RECORDED FILES in the IED3 by using PCM600.
Permissive overreaching scheme will be tested with the following sequence:
1) Inject pre-fault voltages.

2) Inject a radial-feeder fault between 80% and100% of the line (in ZM02 but not in
ZM01).
3) Activate a binary output from test set simulating Carrier Send signal. The binary
output is connected to the binary input of the IED, so it has also to be simulated the
transmission delay, 15 ms.
4) Verify instantaneous trip by the IED after reception of the carrier signal.
The sequence is available in this file:
3
Consider that the IED can store up to 100 disturbances, so it may be difficult to find (or recognize) exactly
the last disturbances and it can happen that you upload the wrong disturbance. To save time it is better to
avoid confusion and delete the disturbances at the beginning.
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Inject the sequence and verify in the disturbance recorder that the relay tripped by
ZCOM function!
Remove the carrier receive signal from the IED. Inject the same sequence, verify time
delayed trip by ZM02 timer:

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Verify, as well, ZM02-TRIP signal in the disturbance recorder:

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Manually and steadily activate the binary input corresponding to Carrier Receive
signal. Do not inject any fault. Verify that the relay will not trip.

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5. Inject a fault in ZM01 (or ZM02) and verify that the IED sends the carrier signal.
This part of the exercise is fully left to you.

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6. Testing the Weak Infeed Logic (L1N fault).
Our IED is positioned on the weak side of the line.

The test is carried in this way:
1) Inject a fault in forward direction, inside the protected line, but with fault current level
below the minimum operating current of the IED. The easiest way is to just drop one
voltage, after the correct pre-fault quantities, and zero fault current.
2) After the fault, the relay on the other line-end, sees the fault (ZM01 or ZM02) and
sends the carrier, which reaches our IED. So after lets say 15 ms the carrier receive
signal reaches our IED. This is simulated by a binary output activation of the test set.
3) It is expected that the tested IED will send the echo carrier and will also issue local
trip signal from ZCAL function.
Sequence is available in this file:
Inject the sequence:

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and verify the internal signals with the disturbance file:
Unfortunately the A32 configuration does not have the Carrier Send signal connected to
disturbance recorder, but if you have solved the previous exercises, you have probably
connected the Carrier Send Signal to a suitable LED, so you can verify that the Echo
Carrier has been sent by monitoring that LED.
Interesting to notice that Automatic Fuse Failure can be activated during Weak Infeed
situations, but this does not cause any problem, as impedance protection is not involved
in this logic (it cannot be involved! It is a weak infeed!).
7. Testing the Weak Infeed Logic (L1L2L3 fault).
It is of common to believe that Weak Infeed does not work for three-phase faults. This is
why the test is here.
File is:
Same procedure as before, but all the voltages are dropped for the weak infeed fault:
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verify, as always, the internal signals from disturbance recorder:

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and verify as well that the echo carrier has been sent (HMI LED for instance).

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8. Testing the Weak Infeed Logic with reverse fault.
The weak infeed logic should be carefully tested for reverse faults4 (external faults).
In case of fault in the reverse zone, ZM02 from the other line-end will send the carrier.
THIS IS NOT a weak infeed situation with an internal fault, and we have to make sure
that the relay does not trip instantaneously for this fault.
An instantaneous trip can be caused by wrong settings or also wrong configuration.
Sequence is here:
Try to inject it.. Is it working? Not very well. Instantaneous trip!
The fault is a quite strong fault (5A secondary fault current in reverse direction).
Think about A32 configuration, and try to understand why Weak Infeed logic is not
blocked for this external fault!
OPEN the disturbance file for this test. Did the relay measure in reverse direction?
4
All communication schemes should be tested by injecting faults in the protected line INSTANTANEOUS
TRIP and faults outside the protected line NO INSTANTANEOUS TRIP or NO TRIP AT ALL.
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Answer is YES, ZM04-START signal has been activated.
The distance protection zone in A32, dedicated to communication schemes, and set in
reverse direction, is ZM05.
ZM04 has NOTHING to do with the communication scheme. It is just a reverse-backup
zone.
ZM05 is also connected to PHS-STCNDZ, to have the same measuring algorithm of
forward zones ZM01 and ZM02.
We have always considered ZM05 OFF. Now it is time to set it on and make use of it.
It is not wrong to assume that ZM02 from the remote end is similar to our ZM02. So, we
set ZM05 to be 30% larger (or even more) of forward ZM02:
This means that we need to check PHS settings: is PHS also covering reverse ZM05?

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Answer is no. So, PHS settings (not related to load encroachment) must be increased
to cover both ZM02 in forward and ZM05 in reverse:
Change settings for ZM05 and PHS in the IED:

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Write ZM05 and PHS settings into the IED.
Perform the reverse fault test again
trip is coming after 1s from reverse back-up ZM04. We dont care about it.

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Of course, all the tests that we have done previously, should be repeated now, as
we have drastically changed the relay set-up.
Verify in the disturbance recorder the correct behaviour of the internal signals:
THIS WAS NOT A TRAP!

Testing the communication scheme for external faults during commissioning is VERY
important! Especially for Weak-Infeed logic, it has been noticed that a lot of settings or
configuration mistakes could have been avoided if the tests had been performed
correctly during the commissioning.
So, this exercise has been designed to surprise you at the end, exactly when
you believed that everything was Ok, with just a small, innocent external fault
test.


15 Ex 06 - Communication Scheme PO

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Training Course SEP-602A EXERCISE 6

REL670 A32 : Communication Schemes: POTT

Tests are carried in the following ways:

Continue from the PCM600 project you have done previously.

Substation Automation & Protection Training

1. SET distance protection to the correct values

Download the SMT configuration into the IED.

Note that tCoord timer is set to zero2.

Write settings into the IED.

4. Test the PU communication scheme with test-set.

Before you inject the faults, in order to avoid misunderstandings, it is suggested to

Permissive overreaching scheme will be tested with the following sequence:

1) Inject pre-fault voltages.

The sequence is available in this file:

Substation Automation & Protection Training

Verify, as well, ZM02-TRIP signal in the disturbance recorder:

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This part of the exercise is fully left to you.

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6. Testing the Weak Infeed Logic (L1N fault).

Our IED is positioned on the weak side of the line.

Sequence is available in this file:

Inject the sequence:

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and verify the internal signals with the disturbance file:

7. Testing the Weak Infeed Logic (L1L2L3 fault).

verify, as always, the internal signals from disturbance recorder:

Substation Automation & Protection Training

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8. Testing the Weak Infeed Logic with reverse fault.

Try to inject it.. Is it working? Not very well. Instantaneous trip!

Answer is YES, ZM04-START signal has been activated.

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Change settings for ZM05 and PHS in the IED:

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Write ZM05 and PHS settings into the IED.

Perform the reverse fault test again

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THIS WAS NOT A TRAP!

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