. .

2006

3
# " & % 2
! ! " !#$

'

+ % , + -. * ) & (&
2 (043 *2 % 0 # % , - .% * /0 1
6 %( ) & 7.2 2" * ) 05& 0 6 "
+ ?+ % * + :3 $ .2 ;# 0 0 ) <= % < > 0 26
+ * + 0 ) > . @
7.2 ( / B.C/ *
0+ %* 2 D E > F1 ) % G%! $
.H " # I" " 7 J E

1
#* % ! "# $ % & ' # () *$
. $
2
. -# + ) ,
. -# + ) , 3

213
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

: > 1
5& 5 1 0 $ $ 6 6 . 6./ 1 0 4
= ,) (6 $) , 1 0 7() 8 - 9 : ./ 0
7(5) ?= 5* @ +5A 8B $ & > 10 ( - * $ 1# >) !: (Shell
. # (D / C0
# 5 5 5& 1 ) & F & 9E / ./ # 0 -# * $
!H $ 1 & 2> & I# ( / : & ?# G )
J# 5# 05 5 5& ! .: 1 / 1 ) / 7() 4 8 0 2>
K (5 81 5 / 7() * 1 C J# A , * )
'5 # 5 / F- /+ #$ 0 + &
5 ?= 5* K ( 8 & 1 / 7() @, @ 0 #$ @ -L
0 #$ # * F- /+ . # K ( 1 / 7( * M
7(5) 5& F- /+ = 0 $8 :. 7()
. :.
(5 # 3 ) 6 ) 2> N O
5 5 K ) P > Q(R> 8 ./ 0 1 & 2*
5-# J5 # O# 5+ 5 ) 0 1 & S !
J# # K ( 9E / 0 -# *C $ & .E J# # (T /
5-# ) 5 5) * 1 / 7() & 7 C $ & ./ & *
$ 0* 9 L B , 'L & * .E J# # 9U> Q(R> 8(T /
$ 5 5 0 B : 8J # # + * / 0 2*
)( O 5 ) 8MC 8ML 0* FR = = , ) 76 J#
5& .E * 2> ?& >8 & # #

214
 . . 2006

6 M# D 8 : # &L $= K( 8 / 0
9 K( # #( V D * * $ 2> ) = I
"5& # *D # 7( W ( $ # # : *
F- /+5 5 5) 7() ) $ 7()
Y : Z ( : 8D $ = / PX
Z( 8 + [ D EE Z( 0L
.( + &= 1 I , !/
? $ 6Y ) 836 m # .: 1 ( 1 0 .:& 6Y 7()
5+ +5+ 0 / !+ &= 1 &
.T / -# J# $
! 5 8 05 5 (=C ) =C M M * 2* & * ,
* 5 @& 5 = 5, J# # ( 0 ., !+ 7 #) * (3 0 )
5& 5 8J # + * 0 F. !+ * :#.
J# 5# , Z & 8 . 0 J# # :& Z
F. 5 ) K 5 * Z$ / :# .: * :#. 8 . 0
50 = : 7() 8 0 1 & 1L+ J# # H #( #
.E 5 # 5 # (5 $ K (5 8./ 5 (\ $ ) K6 *
# &L $= 8 .: *
. :
: ) -2
.(mm) J # + .: !+ : a
.(1) ( V (Mpa) * :E

215
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

5 F. !+ * #. ( 0 ., !+ 7 #) * @& : FR
.(N) J # + * 0
+5 ^X Q M 4: *^ .E / 2 * .E : FP
.(N) a 2
P / Z0 . / *
. - # & :G
.(mm) H* 0 C / : H
.( N mm / radian ) ( : ) . 0 =C M M * : KC
.( N mm / radian ) . 0 =C M M * : KL
.( N / mm ) * @& =C M M * : KR
.(mm) 0 , * / Z0 . , # : L
.( N mm ) 0 F. !+ 2 * #. . 0 : MC
.( N mm ) 0 F. !+ 2 * #. . 0 :ML
.(Mpa) / Z0 . / * ^X M : *^ .E : P
.(mm) D 0 ., !+ : R
.(mm) / + * : t
.( C o ) =O = D E = # / : T
.(mm) . / ., !+ = 0 : W
.(mm) J # + * * ! D : WR
.(mm) L + a = X A
.(mm) L a = X B
.(mm) L = X C
.(11) M *: YC

.(10) * : YL , YF

216
 . . 2006

.(1) [mm / (mm Co )] Z *:

. [rad / mm] 6+ + *: = 1 .285 / (Rt )
0 .5

. = a / (Rt )
0.5

.( #) ^X M & *^ . / :
. 0 *^ / + * :& Z & : C

.( #)
. 0 *^ / + * , Z & : L

.( #)
I E & @
[mm 10 / (mm 6
C o
)] Mpa C0 )
-- 203000 20
12.0 199000 90
12.4 195000 150
12.7 191000 200
13.1 188000 260
. ) @ I E & (1)
: E) @L $ $ -3
M C , M L , FR J5 # # :# . K C , K L , K R =C M M * >
* + 8(1) & # ) 8J # + * 2*
.(7) 2 (2)
:? = -4
: &J @ -1-4
* / + 0 * . / * = 0 P
: O Z $/ ^X M :

217
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

1 0 .036 G H R 2 L
W = 1 e L
cos ( L) + R T
E t H
: -2-4
5: 5* ^ @ ) / + 0 * . / MP` M
: O ^
2
1 0 .036 G H R 1
= e L
(cos ( L ) + sin ( L ))
E t H
: ) -5
* # J# # $ / + 76 # ,L >
2
: O
FR ML
WR = L tan +W
KR KL
ML FR
L = tan 1
+
KL L KR
MC
C =
KC
:Q(R>
8(7) 25
5 (2) 5 5 = 5 =C M 5M 5 * 5) K C , K L , K R
85 / + * * ! D ^ ) C , L ,W R
# 5. .E 5 ^X M : M C , M L , FR J # # $ *
. 0 , #= &L 1

1
- API STANDARD 650. Welded Stell Tanks for Oil Storage. MARCH 2000. P.
P-2
1
- API 650. Welded Stell Tanks for Oil Storage. NOVEMBER-1998. P. P-2
2
- API STANDARD 650. Welded Stell......MARCH 2000. P. P-2

218
 . . 2006

25 * # J# # : * + M C , M L , FR
.:& = ( $ ) .(7) 2 (2) = =C M M #*
L / 2 a = 1 .5 * ) B $ 9 $ ? *) L / 2 a = 1 $ )
.('5 # 1 /+ # 6+ :# 6: $ 7() S
. 0 # + J# # 76 $ 6 # ( 1)
W R (+)

FR
W R = FR / K R
O L= 1/tan ( W R / L )

FR D
Y
O L (-)
L

R MC = MY
F L= F Y
Z
M
=
L
M

X W R (-)
2a

FR = FX MT = MX ML
Z
XA
L=XC

OL = M L / KL
t W R = (-L) tan ( O L )
XB

O L (+) D

D
MC OC = MC / KC

+ MC

O C (+)

, % J 7M J " (1) %J

219
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

0.01
a/R=0.005

0.001

a/R=0.02
K 0.0001

0.00001
a/R=0.04

0.000001
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000

R/t
&J " @L (2) %J

0.01
a/R=0.005

0.001

a/R=0.02
K 0.0001

0.00001
a/R=0.04

0.000001
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000

R/t

0 & " @L (3) %J

220
 . . 2006

0.01
a/R=0.005

0.001

a/R=0.02
K 0.0001

0.00001
a/R=0.04

0.000001
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000

R/t
0 & " @L (4) %J

0.01
a/R=0.005

0.001

a/R=0.02
K 0.0001

0.00001
a/R=0.04

0.000001
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000

R/t

&J " @L (5) %J

221
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

0.01
a/R=0.005

0.001

a/R=0.02
K 0.0001

0.00001

a/R=0.04

0.000001
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000

R/t

0 & " @L (6) %J

0.01
a/R=0.005

0.001

a/R=0.02
K 0.0001

0.00001
a/R=0.04

0.000001
300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 2000 3000

R/t

0 & " @L (7) %J

222
 . . 2006

) :# &K , # $ (2 , ) N
.(7 2 2

K & N %J 0N
K = K R / E (2a ) (2) %J

K = K L / E (2a ) (3) %J
3

K = K C / E (2a ) (4) %J
3

K = K R / E (2a ) (5) %J

K = K L / E (2a ) (6) %J
3

K = K C / E (2a ) (7) %J
3

(7 %J 2 %J ) %JO K & N (2) 0N

: " ( ) M -6
: L J / -1-6
555) 555 # # 555: 555 G 1 555 555 555 :P6 "
. / X C / ( R t ) , X B / (R t ) , X A / ( R t )
0.5 0.5 0.5

5 :& 1 5 I 5 .. , 2* :P 4
.(9) (8) & # ) ,
.(11) (10) * ) YL ,YF , YC Q(R>
5 (9) $ (8) $ # $C > :P 4 4
5 :& 1 5 I # (45) ) , 0 &. . =O b2 , b1
. , 1 I
5#* ?= (45) ) , 0 &. . =O C3 , C 2 , C1
.J 1 2* (9) (8) & # # :

223
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

Y
A

B
b1, b2, c1, c2 L J / (8) %J

Y
A

b1, c3 L J / (9) %J
5 1 8 ( / aYL )(M L / FP ) 1 ( 8) &
[1.0 0.75 X B / (Rt )
0.5
] $ 0.1 5 A : > 8 ( / 2YF )(FR / FP )
. #$ [
$ 1.0 0.75 X A / (Rt )
0.5
] $ 0.1 B : * #$ $
5 1 8 ( / aYC )(M C / FP ) 1 ( 9) &
[1.0 0.75 X C / (Rt )
0.5
] $ 0.1 5 A : > 8 ( / 2YF )(FR / FP )
. #$ $

224
 . . 2006

:( ) M -2-6
J5 # #5 * + M C , M L , FR N : .a
8 ( / aYL )(M L / FP ) 8 ( / 2YF )(FR / FP ) 555: 555 K555 (
. ( / aYC )(MC / FP )
.. 2* ( / aYL )(M L / FP ) 8 ( / 2YF )(FR / FP ) :# .: .b
.(12) & # ) O #
5 # .5. 2* ( / aYC )(MC / FP ) 8 ( / 2YF )(FR / FP ) . : .c
.(13) & # ) O
& 2* / M C , M L , FR J# # $ > .d
:# 5 c b :/ .: L $ & #:
. 0 & =O # 1 .. H
A

YL

YF

X
Y F, Y L & (10) %J

225
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

1 YL YF 1 (10) &
9$ & A : $ 8 8 = a / (Rt ) = (a / R )(R / t )
0.5 0.5

. 0.5
a + 0.5 (Rt) $J #. =6:
. / 0

Yc

YC & (11) %J

226
 . . 2006

8 = a / (Rt ) = (a / R )(R / t ) 1 &

0.5 0.5
(11)
= 6 5: 5 5 9$ &A : $ 8YC 1
. / 0 . a + 0.5 (Rt)
0.5
$J #.

Y
+FR +ML
-FR +ML (tension at B controls)
(compresion at A controls) 1.0

0.5

-1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0 X

45
-0.5
+FR -ML
-FR -ML (tension at A controls)
(compresion at B controls) -1.0

(12) %J
ML, FR

Y
-FR (+/-)MC +FR (+/-)MC
(compresion at C controls) 1.0 (tension at C' controls)

0.5

-1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0 X

(13) %J
MC, FR
.1 ( / aYL )(M L / FP ) :(12) &

227
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

.1 ( / 2YF )(FR / FP )
.1 ( / aYL )(M C / FP ) :(13) &
.1 ( / 2YF )(FR / FP )
: > 4 -7
: Q -1-7
: 819.2 m / # 80 m .:# ./ 0 Z * . $ 0
. # 400 mm 7 , .:# ) & 0 K .34 mm /
& ) .:& / * 2* * 8400 mm : /+ * ) / 0
: N - 1D ) J . .(14
8J # # (C # ,) 6 $ (W , , K R , K L , KC )
.a ) / 7() $ ,
8 H = 19200mm 8 L = 400mm 8 a = 200mm :1 .
. t = 34mm 8 R = 80000 / 2 = 40000mm 8 T = 90 20 = 70C o
E = 199000 N / mm 2 $ TP = 90C 0 E = * (1)
. = 12 10 6
[mm / (mm C0 )]

228
 . . 2006

34 mm

Mc
A
2a = 400 mm

ML
XA = 600 mm

FR C' C
L = XC = 400 mm

XB = 200 mm

. > 2 D $ 2 (14) %J

: -2-7
:( 2 ) ) " @L E & , -1-2-7
8 R / t = 40000 / 34 = 1176 : 5
55555 N 5 5555: J 5 5555
5 $ PX L / 2a = 400 / 400 = 1.0 8 a / R = 200 / 40000 = 0.005
KR
55 5.6 10 4
55 ( 5) 55 55 * 55 55
E (2a )
5 ( 6) 5 5 5. 05
5 5 $ 5 . K R = 44576 N / mm
KL
$ . K L = 8.24 10 9 N mm / rad P X 6.47 10 4

E (2a )
3

KC
P 5X 5 2.353 10 3
$ ( 7) 5 5 5 . 0
E (2a )
3

. K C = 29.97 10 9 N mm / rad

229
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

+ : + 2 % = , -2-2-7
:L % S#
1.285
55 = = 0.0011(rad / mm) : 55 N 55: J 55
(Rt )0.5
: b(- * L = 0.44rad
9.8 10 GHR 6 2
L
W= 1 e L
cos( L ) + R T = 48.5126mm
Et H
:
9.8 10 6 GHR 2 1
= e L
{cos( L) + sin( L)} = 0.02945rad
Et H
P 5X 5 J# # 6 (W , , K R , K L , KC ) : 7()
+5 5* + * 76 ) WR , L , C

H .E ^X M 6: J# # $ *^ /
# $1 & K( 8 0 , # &L $=
@. D K( = G J# # $ () & 8= J#
5: K ( 8J # # 6 J )J . 8 : 7() J
: O #
8 X B = 400mm 8 X A = 600mm : 55 N 55: 55 (14) 55 55
. X C = 200mm
. & $ ( #3 ) N

230
 . . 2006

: & T % -3-2-7
. = a
= 0.1715 8 XC
= 0.343 8 X B0.5 = 0.1715 8 X A0.5 = 0.5145
(Rt ) 0. 5
(Rt ) 0.5
(Rt ) (Rt )
8 YF = 3mm 8 YL = 13.16mm 55 (11 10) 55 55 P 55X 55
. YC = 40mm
0.871
-FR +ML 1.0
(compresion at A controls) +FR +ML
(tension at B controls)
0.5

-1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0

45

-FR -ML -0.5 +FR -ML

(compresion at B controls) 0.614 (tension at A controls)

-1.0

0.743

-FR (+/-)MC 1.0

(compresion at C controls) +FR (+/-)MC
(tension at C' controls)
0.5

-1.0 -0.5 0.5 1.0

Q " (15) %J

.(13) (12) @ () & 1 I $

:(15 %J 5 ) L J / -4-2-7
XB
: 6 : ) 1.0 0.75 = 0.871 : N : ?D $ J
(Rt )0.5
.(15) 555 555 Z 555 555: @555# 555& 555

231
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

XA
@5# @5# & : 6 : ) 1.0 0.75 = 0.614
(Rt )0.5
XC
5 : ) 1.0 0.75 = 0.743 .(15) Z :
(Rt )0.5
5: : 7() # .(15) / : @# & :
: 2* 1 > 6Z # : # K( 8 2 * : 7() #
# + 1 1 Z 2 * 0.871 : Z
5 # 5 5& L 8( @# & Z( ) @ 2* + &
1.0 8 5 @# # # 1.0 1.0 : # O 7( '
: 9 "& @# @# &@ 6Y & $ 8' @# # # 1.0
@5# 5& 5 : : ) 0.614 0.614 : # +
5: ( ) PX 8J # * + : ( @#
0.743 : & (15) / : # # $ .(15) Z
(15) 5 5 / : @# & & ?:# * +
5& @ $ 0.743 0.743 (1 1 ) : # + Z( @
(5 ) 8 1.0 1.0 5 : # 7() & & : () @#
$ @ 2* H L 8?L (15) ,
.(14) & # @# / .: .: $ *
(5 / 0 ) .: & .E = , ,J N
: &
FP = P a = 2
G (H L) a = 2

= (9.8 1000)(1.0)(19.2 0.4) 3.14 0.2 2 = 23140.5 N

232
 . . 2006

2> @ 0 $ # * #) C * ) = 1000 Kg / m 3 :Q(R>

) 9.8 , 8(C & ( VA K ( ./ # 9 -# #, ) #
.C # & ) G = 1 .0 . 2 > Kg
FR
8 = 1.235 10 6 FR : 5 555 N 5 555: N J 5 555
2YF FP
MC ML
. = 9.264 10 10
MC 8 = 2.8158 10 9 M L
aYC FP aYL FP
: M , %J " -5-2-7
: O # : J# # 2* + $ N
: 55 N 55 55 55 P 55X 55 M L = MC = 0 55 :P6 "
FR
5555 P 5555X 5555 = 1.235 10 6 FR 0.614
2YF FP
. FR max = 497166 N (tensionatAcontrols )
555 555 P 555X 555 M L = FR = 0 555 :P+++ 4
MC
555555 b(555555- * = 9.264 10 10
MC 0.743
aYC FP
. M C max = 8.02 10 8 N mm(tensionatC ' controls )
5 55 5 55 P 5 55X 5 55 M C = FR = 0 5 55 :P+++4 4
ML
555555 b(555555- * = 2.8158 10 9 M L 0.614
aYL FP
. M L max = 2.18 10 8 N mm(tensionatAcontrols )
5 # 1 5.. # 8(15) X(R d$ 0.743 : 0.614 :
# $ )0 D $J * + , 8 # +
. N / J#

233
 ./ 0 1 & 2* # 3

5 7() , & # # V N
5 &8) / & = 0# 0 : 7() $ &
5 6 7() , SU/ M : * J# # / = 0 $
S 5/ (5) ?: ?D J# # * () P X
.J # # 6 +M 2 * ? :# ?.
::1 )
5 =C M 5M # 0 = 0 $ @U+M 2 * .1
5: # @U+5M 0 $ 0 = 2 * 89 & . /
. & $
& $ #, ' # () (6) = :/ @ # $ @U+M 2 * .2
8? 5 = - 0 * 8 0 = #, = 0
& $ F#+ 2 ?D6 J# # ) *
.OX M # ..
S/ # - . ) E J# # / E > .3
5& ?5 * () 8J & V $ 1C I 7() 81 I
.@U+M 0 = # /D

234
 . . 2006

1- API STANDARD 650, Welded Stell Tanks for Oil Storage. MARCH
2000.
2- API STANDARD 653, Tank Inspection, Repair Alteration, and
Reconstruction. ADDENDUM 4, DECEMBER 1999.
3- API STANDARD 620, Design and Construction of Large, Welded,
Low-pressure Storage Tanks. ADDENDUM 3, DECEMBER 1999.
4- API Guide for Inspection of Refinery Equipment, Chapter XIII-
Atmospheric and Low-Pressure Storage Tanks. FOURTH EDITION,
APRIL 1981.
5- API 650, Welded Stell Tanks for Oil Storage. NOVEMBER - 1998.
& ;

. 5 . ! .. , : 1 C I -1
.1973 * #.

.2005/4/10: 2> ' # e

235