Seminar on Building Analysis on Staad with Raft Foundations

By Ankit Suri , Supervised By Dr.S.K. Tiwari

Problem Definition And Structural Modelling

STRUCTURAL MODEL

Building Analysis on Staad with Raft Foundations

Three-dimensional structure is modeled for the analysis utilizing the STAAD Pro software.
The plan dimensions of the building are 34.92 m x 16.85 m.
The Structure has 10 (G+9) stories with height of 3.66 m each.
The raft is modeled with the structure.
The total area of the raft is divided into finite number of plates.
The soil under the raft slab is represented by a set of springs for which the spring constants k,
adjusted to reflect the corresponding soil type.

Member And Raft Sizes

BEAM SIZE 300mm X 450mm

COLUMN SIZE 450mm X 600mm
RAFT SLAB is divided into finite number of plates
Approximately 1.0m x 1.0m plates are used.
Thickness is taken as 600mm.

Supporting Soil Modelling In Staad

STAAD has a facility for automatic generation of spring supports specified under the SUPPORT
command.The modulus of subgrade reaction constant k for each soil type is taken as 10,000
kN/m3, 45,000 kN/m3, and 95,000 kN/m3, representing soft, medium, and stiff soil, respectively
 Design Loads

DEAD LOAD (IS: 875 PART 1-1987)

Self weight of floor slabs = 0.15 x 25 = 3.75 kN/m2

Weight of floor finish (4 inches thick) = 0.1 x 20 = 2 KN/m2
Weight of flooring (1 inch thick) = 0.025 x 26.70 (marble) = 0.6675 KN/m2
Incidental load due to partition wall = 1.0 KN/m2 (as per clause 3.1.2 of IS 875 Part II)

Dead load of wall (230 mm thick) = 19 x 0.23 x 3.66 = 16 kN/m

Dead load of plaster on wall = 2 x 0.012 x 20 x 3.66 = 1.76 kN/m
Dead load of parapet wall = 190.23 x 1.0 + 2 x 0.012 x 20 x 1.0 = 4.85 kN/m

IMPOSED LOAD (IS: 875 1987 PART II)

The magnitude of minimum imposed load which has to be considered for the structural safety is
provided in IS: 875 -1987 (part II).
Here imposed load of intensity 3kN/m2 and 4kN/m2 have been taken as per the code and same
is applied in all floors.
On the roof it is taken as 1.5kN/m2.

SEISMIC LOAD (IS: 1893 2002)

is computed in accordance with the IS 1893 (Part I) -2002
Vb = Ah x w

Calculation of base shear is carried out for structure located in seismic zone IV.

Z = 0.24
I = 1.0 considering the structure is of general category.
R = 3 for OMRF

LOAD COMBINATIONS

1. 1.5 (DL + IL)

2. 1.2(DL + IL + ELX)
3. 1.2 (DL + IL ELX)
4. 1.2 (DL + IL + ELZ)
5. 1.2 (DL + IL ELZ)
6. 1.5 (DL + ELX)
7. 1.5 (D L ELX)
8. 1.5 (DL + ELZ)
9. 1.5 (DL ELZ)
10. 0 .9 DL + 1.5 ELX
11. 0 .9 DL 1.5 ELX
12. 0 .9 DL + 1.5 ELZ
13. 0 .9 DL 1.5 ELZ
 Results And Conclusions
It has been observed that the stiff stratum at the base does not change the design forces
significantly. The bending moments at the base of the columns under gravity loadings show a
greater increase for soft soils as compared to the medium and soft soil. As the stiffness of the soil
strata increased, structure behavior became closer to that observed for rigid supports.

Abrupt change in bending moments at the base for foundations on softer soils. Generally this
portion of the structure is not given consideration in most of the practical designs which are based
on the assumption of rigid support system.

For seismic forces, magnitude of bending moments in the columns and beams of the structure
increase with the increase in modulus of subgrade reaction.
The structure on soft soil deflects as a whole body (Fig 7.12.)
The relative displacements between successive floors are less for structure on soft soils.

Storey Drift

Deflection Profile For Case Of Elastic Support

For soft soils very significant increase in displacements of the structure can occur when subjected
to lateral forces due to earthquake.
For EQX forces deflection at the top floor was 10 to 12% more for structure supported on soft
soils than that observed for the case of fixed supports.

More BM in members due to differential settlement in soft soils.

The softer the soil, the more the differential settlement.

This differential settlement resulted in an increase in bending moments of raft slab.

As the value of modulus of subgrade reaction decreases the differential settlements increase
leading to an increase in both the hogging and sagging bending moments.
The hogging moments produce tension at the top and can cause the foundation to loose contact
with soil.
Hence due consideration must be given to the elastic nature of soil in design.

Recommendations
The soil structure interaction must be considered in the design of structures. At the design stage,
specific effort must be made to find the realistic value of modulus of subgrade reaction depending
on the type of soil, so that we can get the exact design forces for optimum design solution.