Professional Documents
Culture Documents
for
Building and
Classing
Aluminum Vessels
1975
1975
Notice No. 5
At the meeting of the Technical Committee held 9 November 1995 the fol-
lowing changes were approved and become effective 9 May 1996 unless
another date is given.
SECTION 35 MATERIALS FOR HULL CONSTRUCTION
35.1 General
A new subsection 35.1.1c introduced to allow acceptance of materials on basis
of the Bureaus Quality Assurance program, in lieu of witnessing actual material
tests. Present 35.1.1c and 35.1.1d are renumbered as 35.1.1d and e respectively.
Para. 35.1.1b is editorially revised to reflect the new para. 35.1.1c.
The temper 11117 has been deleted from Table 35.3 since it is no longer used. The maximum values of ultimate tensile strength and min-
imum yield strength have been deleted in accordance with ASTM 8209 standard. Allowance is also given by new Note 6 for use of the
latest ASTM 8209 standard upon application
Minimum
Ultimate Yield Strength Minimum
Tensile Strength 0.2% Offset Elongation'
Thickness' kgrimm2 (ksi) kgfinun' (ksi) in 50 mm (2 in.)
Alloy and
Temper millimeters (inches) minimum maximum minimum maximum percent
5052-0 3.0-6.4 (0.114-0.249) 17.6 (25.0) 21.8 (31.0) 6.7 (9.5) 20
6.6-75.0 (0.250-3.000) 17.6 (25.0) 21.8 (31.0) 6.7 (9.5) 18
5052-1132 3.0-6.5 (0.114-0.249) 21.8 (31.0) 26.7 (38.0) 16.2 (23.0) 9
6.6-12.5 (0.250-0.499). 21.8 (31.0) 26.7 (38.0) 16.2 (23.0) 11
12.6-51.0 (0.500-2.000) 21.8 (31.0) 26.7 (38.0) 16.2 (23.0) 12
5052-1134 3.0-6.5 (0.114-0.249) 23.9 (34.0) 28.8 (41.0) 18.3 (26.0) 7
6.6-25.0 (0.250-1.000) 23.9 (34.0) 28.8 (41.0) 18.3 (26.0) 10
5052-H112 6.5-12.5 (0.250-0.499) 19.7 (28.0) 11.2 (16.0) 7
12.6-51.0 (0.500-2.000) 17.6 (25.0) 6.7 (9.5) 12
51.1-75.0 (2.001-3.000) 17.6 (25.0) 6.7 (9.5) 16
5083-0 1.3-38.0 (0.051-1.500) 28.1 (40.0) 35.9 (51.0) 12.7 (18,0) 20.4 (29.0) 16
38.1-76.5 (1.501-3.000) 27.4 (39.0) 35.2 (50.0) 12.0 (17.0) 20.4 (29.0) 16
5083-H112 6.5-38.0 (0.250-1.500) 28.1 (40.0) 12.7 (18.0) 12
38.1-76.5 (1.501-3.000) 27.4 (39.0) 12.0 (17.0) 12
5083-H1163 4.5-38.0 (0.063-1.500) 30.9 (44.0) 21.8 (31.0) 12
Minimum
Ultimate Yield Strength Minimum
Tensile Strength 0.2% Offset Elongation'
Thickness' kgfinimi (ksi) kgf/znm (ksi) in 50 mm (2 in.)
Alloy and
Temper millimeters (inches) minimum maximum minimum maximum percent
Notes 4 For the corresponding H2 temper, limits for maximum ultimate tensile strength
1 Type of test specimen used depends on thickness of material: see 35.9.3. and minimum yield strength do not apply.
2 or 4x specimen diameter 5 5454 is recommended for service applications where exposed to temperatures
3 5083, 5086 and 5456 in the H116 temper are to be capable of passing an appro- exceeding 65C (150F).
priate test for resistance to exfoliation corrosion. The Aluminum Association 6 Use of the latest ASTM B209 specification will be considered upon application.
Tentative Exfoliation Test for Aluminum Magnesium Alloys for Boat and Ship
Hull Construction is considered to be an appropriate method. Other tests will be
specially considered.
In Table 35.2, the composition requirements of magnesium is revised to comply with ASTM
B26-86 and B108-87.
TABLE 35.2
Chemical Composition Limits of Cast
Aluminum Alloys
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
AA Aluminum Association
Limits are in percent maximum unless stated otherwise.
Alloy
ASTM AA Silicon Iron Copper Manganese Magnesium
SG70A 356.0 6.5-7.5 0.6' 0.25 0.35' 0.20-0.45
0.25-0.45 (The remainder of
SG70B A356.0 6.5-7.5 0.20 0.20 0.10
Table 35.2 is unchanged)
357.0 6.5-7.5 0.15 0.05 0.03 0.45-0.6
Note
' If the iron content exceeds 0.45%, manganese content shall not be less than one half of the iron
TABLE 35.3
Mechanical Property Limits of Non-Heat Treatable
Sheet and Plate Aluminum Alloys
Mechanical test specimens are taken as detailed in 35.9.3
Minimum
Ultimate Yield Strength Minimum
Tensile Strength 0.2% Offset Elongation'
Alloy Thickness' kg/mm' (ksi) kg/mm' (ksi) in 50 nun (2 in.)
and
Temper millimeters (inches) minimum maximum minimum maximum percent
5052-0 3.0-65 (0.114-0.249) 17.6 (25.0) 21.8 (31.0) 6.7 ( 9.5) 20
6.6-75.0 (0.250-3.000) 17.6 (25.0) 21.8 (31.0) 6.7 ( 9.5) 18
5083-0 13-38.0 (0.051-1.500) 28.1 (40.0) 35.9 (51.0) 12.7 (18.0) 20.4 (29.0) 16
38.1-76.5 (1.501-3.000) 27.4 (39.0) 35.2 (50.0) 12.9 (17.0) 20.4 (29.0) 16
3
5083-11112 6.5-38.0 (0.250-1.500) 28.1 (40.0) 12.7 (18.0) 12
38.1-76.5 (1.501-3.000) 27.4 (39.0) 12.0 (17.0) 12
5456-0 1.5-38.0 (0.051-1.500) 29.5 (42.0) 37.3 (53.0) 13.4 (19.0) 21:1 (30.0) 16
38.1-76.5 (1.501-3.000) 28.8 (41.0) 36.6 (52.0) 12.7 (18.0) 21.1 (30.0) 16
Notes
'Type of test specimen used depends on thickness of material; see 35.9.3.
20r 4x specimen diameter.
'5083, 5086 and 5456 in the H116 temper are to be capable of passing an appropriate test for resistance
to exfoliation corrosion. The "Aluminum Association Tentative Exfoliation Test for Aluminum-
Magnesium Alloys for Boat and Ship Hull Construction" is considered to be an appropriate method.
Other tests will be specially considered.
"For the corresponding 112 temper, limits for maximum ultimate tensile strength and minimum yield
strength do not apply.
55454 is recommended for service applications where exposed to temperatures exceeding 65C (150F).
6 The H116 temper designation now also applies to products previously designated H117.
4
American Bureau of Shipping
1975
Notice No. 4
Ulimate
Tensile Strength
Alloy Thickness kg/mm2(ksi)
and
Temper Millimeters (Inches) Minimum Maximum
1975
Notice Na 3
Aluminum Vessels
1975
Notice No. 2
A new subsection 32.2 added to provide requirements for the use of non-metallic
flexible couplings to isolate stuffing boxes from the aluminum hull structure.
1975
TABLE 30.1
Minimum Mechanical Properties for Butt-Welded
Aluminum Alloys
The adoption of test values higher than given in the table will be subject to special
consideration. Filler wires are those recommended in Table 30.3. Values shown are for
welds in plate thicknesses up to 38 mm (1.5 in.) unless otherwise noted.
Ultimate Tensile
Strength (Uar) Yield Strength (Yai)3
Notes
' All tempers
=Values when welded with 4043, 5183, 5356 or 5556 filler wire.
'Yield strength is not required for weld procedure qualification. Values shown apply to the yield
strength (Yai) values of 2.19.
In Table 30.2, the composition of silicon and iron for the indicated alloys is revised to
comply with AWS A5.3-80 and A5.10-80. The column Silicon and Iron is deleted.
TABLE 30.2
Aluminum Alloy Filler Metal Composition
Composition in percent maximum, unless shown as range or specified.
Alloy Silicon Iron Copper
4043 4.5-6.0 0.80 0.30
5183 0.40 0.40 0.10 (The remainder of Table
5356 0.25 0.40 0.10 30.2 is unchanged)
5554 0.25 0.40 0.10
5556 0.25 0.40 0.10
*The maximum Beryllium content of all filler wires is to be 0.0008%.
2
American Bureau of Shipping
Aluminum Vessels
1975
Notice No. 1
1.1 Classification
1.5.2 Alternatives
1.7.1 General
While these Rules cover the requirements for the classification of new vessels, the
attention of Owners, designers, and builders is directed to the regulations of inter-
national, governmental, canal, and other authorities dealing with those requirements
in addition to or over and above the classification requirements.
Vessel Specifications
General Arrangement
Midship section
Scantling profile and decks
Bottom construction, floors, girders, etc.
Framing plan
Inner bottom plating
Shell expansion
Deck plans
Pillars and girders
Watertight and deep-tank bulkheads
Miscellaneous nontight bulkheads which are used as structural supports
Shaft tunnels
Machinery casings, boiler, engine and main auxiliary foundations
Bow framing
Stem
Stern framing
Stern frame and rudder
Shaft struts
Spectacle frames and bossing details
Superstructures and deckhouses, and their closing arrangements
Hatches and hatch-closing arrangements
Ventilation system on weather decks
Anchor handling arrangements
Lines and body plan
Capacity plan
The above is not intended to include maintenance and overhaul to hull, machinery
and equipment in accordance with the recommended manufacturer's procedures and
established marine practice and which does not require Bureau approval; however,
any repair as a result of such maintenance and overhauls which affects or may affect
classification is to be noted in the ship's log and submitted to the Surveyor as
required by 1/1.11,1a.
c Representation Nothing contained in this section or in a rule or regulation
of any government or other administration, or the issuance of any report or certifi-
cate pursuant to this section or such a rule or regulation, is to be deemed to enlarge
upon the representations expressed in 1.1.1 through 1.1.4 hereof and the issuance
and use of any such reports or certificates are to be governed in all respects by 1.1.1
through 1.1.4 hereof.
The Surveyors are to have access to classed vessels at all reasonable times. For the
purpose of Surveyor Monitoring, monitoring Surveyors shall also have access to
classed vessels at all reasonable times. Such access may include attendance at the
same time as the assigned Surveyor or during a subsequent visit without the
assigned Surveyor. The Owners or their representatives are to notify the Surveyors
on all occasions when a vessel can be examined in dry dock or on a slipway.
The Surveyors are to undertake all surveys on classed vessels upon request, with
adequate notification, of the Owners or their representatives and are to report there-
on to the Committee. Should the Surveyors find occasion during any survey, to rec-
ommend repairs or further examination, notification is to be given immediately to
the Owners or their representatives in order that appropriate action may be taken.
The Surveyors are to avail themselves for every convenient opportunity for carrying
out periodical surveys in conjunction with surveys of damages and repairs in order
to avoid duplication of work.
1.11.3 Attendance at Port State Request (1 Jan. '96)
It is recognized that Port State authorities legally may have access to a vessel. In
cooperation with Port States, ABS Surveyors will attend on board a classed vessel
when so requested by a Port State, and upon concurrence by the vessel's master will
carry out a survey in order to facilitate the rectification of reported deficiencies or
other discrepancies that affect or may affect classification. ABS Surveyors will also
cooperate with Port States by providing inspectors with background information, if
requested. Such information includes text of conditions of class, survey due dates,
and certificate expiration dates.
Where appropriate, the vessel's flag state will be notified of such attendance and
survey.
1.13 Fees
Fees in accordance with normal ABS practice will be charged for all services ren-
dered by the Bureau. Expenses incurred by the Bureau in connection with these ser-
vices will be charged in addition to the fees. Fees and expenses will be billed to the
party requesting that particular service.
1.15 Disagreement
1.15.1 Rules
Any disagreement regarding either the proper interpretation of the Rules, or trans-
lation of these Rules from the English language edition, is to be referred to the
Bureau for resolution.
1.15.2 Surveyors
In case of disagreement between the Owners or builders and the Surveyors regard-
ing the material, workmanship, extent of repairs, or application of the Rules relat-
ing to any vessel classed or proposed to be classed by this Bureau, an appeal may
be made in writing to the Committee, who will order a special survey to be held.
Should the opinion of the Surveyor be confirmed, the expense of this special survey
is to be paid by the party appealing.
1.18 Trial
A final under-way trial is to be made of all machinery, including the steering gear,
anchor windlass and ground tackle. All automatic controls, including trips which
may affect the vessels propulsion system, are to be tested underway or alongside the
pier, to the satisfaction of the Surveyor.
SECTION 36 SURVEYS AFTER CONSTRUCTION ( 1 January 1996)
The entire Section 36, Surveys after Construction, is deleted and replaced by the fol-
lowing as all surveys are to be in accordance with the applicable requirements of
Steel Vessel Rules, unless otherwise specified. Special Surveys intervals for machin-
ery and electrical equipment are extended to five years to coincide with SS for hull.
Drydocking Survey intervals are changed to 2 and 5 years. Also, the anchor chain
renewal requirements have been deleted.
36.1 Surveys
Unless otherwise specified hereafter, surveys after construction are to be in accor-
dance with the applicable parts and survey requirements of Part I, Section 3,
Surveys after Construction of the ABS Rules for Building and Classing Steel
Vessels.
At each Annual Survey between Special Surveys the following parts , in addition to
those applicable requirements of the Steel Vessel Rules, are to be examined, placed
in good condition and reported upon:
All parts liable to rapid deterioration, particularly areas adjacent to dissimilar
metals which are in close proximity.
In addition to the applicable requirements for Special Periodical Surveys of the Steel
Vessel Rules, particular attention is to be given to insulation material in joints of
shell connections between dissimilar metals, which is to be found or made effective
as necessary.
SECTION 1
1.1 Classification
1.6 Application
These Rules apply to vessels 30.5 m (100 ft) to 152.5 m (500 ft)
in length which are constructed of aluminum alloys. Vessels
less than 30.5 m (100 ft) or exceeding 152.5 m (500 ft) in length
will be specially considered. These rules, except where specif-
ically mentioned otherwise, apply to vessels intended for un-
restricted ocean service.
1.7 Interpretation
1.8 Alternatives
1.17.1 Damage
Damage to hull, machinery or equipment, which affects or
may affect classification, is to be submitted by the Owners or
their representatives for examination by the Surveyor at first
opportunity. All repairs found necessary by the Surveyor are
to be carried out to his satisfaction. Nothing contained in this
section or in a rule or regulation of any government or other
administration, or the issuance of any report or certificate pur-
suant to this section or such a rule or regulation, is to be deemed
to enlarge upon the representations expressed in subsections
1.1 through 1.5 hereof and the issuance and use of any such
reports or certificates are to in all respects be governed by
subsections 1.1 through 1.5 hereof.
1.17.3 Alterations
No alterations which affect or may affect classification or the
assignment of load lines are to be made to the hull or machinery
of a classed vessel unless plans of the proposed alterations are
submitted and approved by the ABS Technical Office before
the work of alterations is commenced and such work, when
approved, is carried out to the satisfaction of the Surveyor.
Fees will be charged for all surveys and for testing material in
accordance with established scales. When the attendance of a
Surveyor is required to suit the convenience of the Owners,
or their representatives, outside of normal working hours, an
extra fee will be charged. Traveling expenses incurred by the
Surveyor in connection with these services will be charged in
addition to the fees.
1.25 Responsibility
1.27 Disagreement
Table 35.1
Table 35.3
Minimum
Alloy Elongation2
and Thickness in 50 mm (2 in.)
Temper millimeters (inches) percent
5086-H116 6.6-51.0 (0.250-2.000) 10
and H1173
TABLE 30.1
Minimum Mechanical Properties for Butt-Welded
Aluminum Alloys
The adoption of test values higher than given in the table will be subject to
special consideration. Filler wires are those recommended in Table 30.3. Values
shown are for welds in plate thicknesses up to 38 mm (1.5 in.) unless otherwise
noted.
Ultimate Tensile
Strength (U,d) Yield Strength (Yad3
Notes
1 All tempers
2 Values when welded with 4043, 5183, 5356 or 5556 filler wire.
3 Yield strength is not required for weld procedure qualification. Values shown apply to
the yield strength (Li) values of 2.19.
Figure 30.5
Figure 30.5A
2.19.1
The definition of I.Jai and Yal is to read as follow
2.19.2
Ual = minimum ultimate strength of the welded aluminum alloy un-
der consideration in accordance with Table 30.1
yal minimum yield strength of the welded aluminum alloy under
consideration in accordance with Table 30.1
The minimum yield strength for material factor Q and Q, is
to be at the 0.2% offset, not the 2% offset.
Table
10.1 Various references to the appropriate column in Table 10.1 for
certain values of h are missing, and the correct references are
as follows:
Forecastle decks (first above freeboard deck)
Superstructure decks (second above freeboard deck)
Second tier above freeboard deck
Third and higher tiers above freeboard deck
23.13.4 The words "or for loading in alternate holds" should be deleted
from the second definition of the value of c.
28.19 The existing title and text are in error and should read:
Table
30.2 For 5356 Alloy, Titanium content is 0.06-0.20.
Figures
30.5,
30.5A In Figures 30.5 and 30.5A, a note should be added indicating
that the mandrel radius may be increased up to 8.25t maximum
for alloy 6061.
Table
35.1 For 6061 Alloy, copper content is 0.15-0.40 and Chromium
content 0.04-0.35.
Table
35.3 The property limits should read as shown for the following
indicated alloys.
TABLE 35.3
Mechanical Property Limits of Non-Heat-Treatable
Sheet and Plate Aluminum Alloys
Mechanical test specimens are taken as detailed in 35.9.3.
Minimum
Ultimate Yield Strength Minimum
Tensile Strength 0.2% Offset Elongation2
Alloy Thickness' kg/mm2 (ksi) kg/mm2 (ksi) in 50 mm (2 in.)
and
Temper millimeters (inches) minimum maximum minimum maximum percent
5083-0 1.3-38.0
38.1-76.5
508341112 (0.250-1,500)
(1.501-3.000)
Table
35.4 In the "Thickness" column, replace kgimm2 and ksi by '
and "in.", respectively.
Table
35.5 In the Alloy and temper column, replace 5080-0 with 5083-
o.
TABLE 35.8
Mechanical Property Limits for Hand Forgings
Minimum Minimum
Tensile Strength Elongation
Al
anloy kg/min2 (kW in 50 mm (2 in.)
Thickness Axis of Test
d
Temper mm (in.) Specimen ultimate yield percent
Aluminum Vessels
1975
Copyright @ 1975
American Bureau of Shipping
45 Eisenhower Drive
P.O. Box 910
Paramus, New Jersey 07653-0910, U.S.A.
Appendices
Index
Rules for the
Construction and
Classification of
Aluminum Vessels
SECTION 1
Conditions of Classification
LI Classification Symbols
1.3 Application
These Rules apply to vessels 30.5 m (100 ft) to 152.5 m (500 ft) in
length which are constructed of aluminum alloys. Vessels less than
30.5 m (100 ft) or exceeding 152.5 m (500 ft) in length will be spe-
cially considered.
1.7 Alternatives
These Rules, except where specifically mentioned otherwise, apply
to vessels intended for unrestricted ocean service. The Committee
are at all times ready to consider alternative arrangements and scant-
lings which can be shown, through either satisfactory service experi-
ence or a systematic analysis based on sound engineering principles,
to meet the overall safety and strength standards of these Rules. The
Committee will consider special arrangements or details of hull,
equipment or machinery which can be shown to comply with stand-
ards recognized in the country in which the vessel is registered or
built, provided they are not less effective.
1.17 Interpretation
1.19 Responsibility
The Bureau, being a technical society, can act only through Sur-
veyors or others who are believed by it to be skilled and competent.
It is understood and agreed by all who avail themselves in any way
of the services of the Bureau that neither the Bureau nor any of
its Committees and employees will, under any circumstances what-
ever, be responsible or liable in any respect for any act or omission,
whether negligent or otherwise, of its Surveyors, agents, employees,
officers or Committees, nor for any inaccuracy or omission in the
Record or any other publication of the Bureau, or in any report,
certificate or other document issued by the Bureau, its Surveyors,
agents, employees or Committees.
1.29 Disagreement
In case of disagreement between the Owners or builders and the
Surveyors regarding the material, workmanship, extent of repairs,
or application of these Rules relating to any vessel classed or pro-
posed to be classed by this Bureau, an appeal may be made in writing
to the Committee, who will order a special survey to be held. Should
the opinion of the Surveyor be confirmed, the expense of this special
survey is to be paid by the party appealing.
2.1 Length.
2.3 Breadth
2.5 Depth
2.7 Draft
d is the molded draft in meters or feet from the molded base line
to the summer load line.
The strength deck is the deck which forms the top of the effective
hull girder at any part of its length. See Sections 6 and 15.
2.17 Proportions
These Rules are, in general, valid for all vessels having depths not
less than one-fifteenth of their lengths, L, and breadths which do
not exceed twice their depths to the strength decks. Vessels beyond
these proportions will be specially considered.
SECTION 2 2 Definitions
2.19.2 Material Factor Q
Where the structural members are subjected to dynamic loading, the
scantling equations include a material factor Q which takes into
consideration the fatigue strength of the welded aluminum alloy. The
factor Q is obtained from the following equation, but is not to be
taken as less than Qo in 2.19.1.
Q = 0.9 + (12/Y.1) Metric Units
Q = 0.9 + (17000/Ya) Inch/Pound Units
Yaz = minimum yield strength of the welded aluminum alloy under
consideration at 2% offset in a 254 mm (10 in.) gauge length
in kg/mm2 or in psi in accordance with the requirements of
Table 30.1.
3.1.1 Material
These Rules, except where specified otherwise, are intended for
vessels to be constructed of aluminum alloys complying with the
requirements for such alloys in Section 35. Where it is intended to
use aluminum alloys having physical and chemical properties differ-
ing from those specified in Section 35, the use of such alloys and
the corresponding scantlings are to be specially considered. Where
two or more aluminum alloys having different mechanical properties
are used, they are to be clearly identified on the drawings submitted
for approval. In all cases, a set of plans is to be placed aboard the
vessel showing the exact location and extent of application, together
with a description of the mechanical properties of each alloy and
the special welding techniques employed. Specifications for the alu-
minum alloys proposed, together with details of the proposed
methods of fabrication, are to be submitted for approval.
3.1.2 Fabrication
The requirements of these Rules apply to vessels of aluminum alloys
of all welded construction.
3.3 Scantlings
3.3.1 General
The midship scantlings as specified in these Rules are to apply
throughout the midship 0.4L; end scantlings are not to extend for
more than 0.31, from each end of the vessel. The reduction from
the midship to the end scantlings is to be effected in as gradual a
manner as practicable. Sections having appropriate section moduli
or areas, in accordance with their functions in the structure as stiffen-
ers, columns or combinations of both, are to be adopted. It may be
required that calculations be submitted in support of either resistance
to buckling or the fatigue strength for any part of the vessel's struc-
ture.
3.7 Drydocking
Consideration should be given to vessels being drydocked within
twelve months after delivery. Special attention is to be given to
connections of dissimilar metals.
4.3 Stems
4.5 Sternposts
4.5.1 Scantlings
Sternposts without propeller bosses are to be of the sizes obtained
from the following equations below the shell; above the shell they
may be gradually reduced until the area at the head is half that size.
t = 0.9 Ar0(0.73L + 10) mm for L < 152.5 m
t = 0.9 \/(0.0088L + 0.39) in. for L < 500 ft
b = 0.9 -V-0(80 + 1.64L 0.0039L2) mm for L < 152.5 m
b = 0.9 V-0(3.15 + 0.0197L 0.0000143L2) i n. for L < 500 ft
L = length of vessel as defined in 2.1 in m or ft
t = thickness of sternpost in mm or in.
b = breadth of sternpost in mm or in.
Q = material factor as obtained in 2,19.2
When the molded draft exceeds 0.05L, the thickness of the post is
to be increased at the rate of 1.3 mm per 100 mm (0.16 in. per ft)
of draft.
5.1 Materials
Rudder stocks, frames, pintles, crossheads, tillers, quadrants, etc., are
to be made from material in accordance with the requirements of
Section 43 of the "Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels."
The surfaces of rudder stocks in way of exposed bearings are to be
of noncorrosive material.
5.11.2 Plans
Detailed plans of the main and auxiliary steering arrangements are
to be submitted for approval.
5.11.16 Trial
The steering gear is to be tried out on the trial trip in order to
demonstrate to the Surveyor's satisfaction that the requirements in
5.11.1 have been met. When a number of vessels having similar
characteristics are building at the same yard and have steering gears
of the same type, a complete test of the gears including the change-
over from main to auxiliary gear is to be made at sea on one of
the vessels. If this test is satisfactory, the change-over at sea on the
remaining vessels may be waived, provided satisfactory operation
is demonstrated at the dock.
6.1 General
Vessels intended to be classed for unrestricted ocean service are to
have longitudinal hull-girder section moduli in accordance with the
requirements of this section. The equations in this section are, in
general, valid for all vessels having depths not less than one-fifteenth
of their lengths, L, and breadths which do not exceed twice their
depths, all as defined in Section 2. Vessels whose proportions
exceed these limits will be subject to special consideration.
TABLE 6.2
Values of f
Meters
L f L
'6121) R8g t
Feet
a'S ctiRg ti 88 V`'4,
L L f L f L f
150 250 83 350 174 450 306
160 260 90 360 185 460 321
170 270 98 370 196 470 337
180 280 106 380 208 480 353
190 290 115 390 221 490 370
200 300 124 400 234 500 387
210 310 133 410 248
220 320 142 420 262
230 330 152 430 276
240 340 163 440 291
6.5.1 Definition
The uppermost deck to which the side shell plating extends for any
part of the length of the vessel is to be considered the strength deck
for that portion of the length, except in way of comparatively short
superstructures, or in way of other superstructures where it may be
desired to adopt the modified scantlings for the side shell (see 15.3)
and the modified requirements for the superstructure deck as given
in 17.1.2. In way of such superstructures, the deck on which the
superstructures are located is to be considered the strength deck.
In general, the effective sectional area of the deck for calculating
the section modulus is to exclude hatchways and other openings
through the deck.
6.13.1 General
Where deck structures are arranged with two or more large openings
abreast, as shown in Figure 6.1, the degree of effectiveness of that
portion of the longitudinal structure located between the openings
is to be determined in accordance with the following paragraph.
Plating and stiffening members forming these structures may be
included in the hull-girder section-modulus calculation to the extent
indicated in the following paragraphs, provided they are substantially
constructed, well supported both vertically and laterally, and devel-
oped at their ends to be effectively continuous with other longitudinal
structure located forward and abaft that point.
Triple-hatch arrangement
Twin-hatch arrangement
FIGURE 7.1
Single-bottom Floors
d or 0.66D
150 mm 150 mm
(6 in. (6 in.
7.3.1 General
Inner bottoms are to be fitted all fore and aft between the peaks
or as near thereto as practicable in vessels of ordinary design having
lengths of 93 rn (305 ft) and above. Where, for special reasons, it
may be desired to omit the inner bottom throughout or in partial
sections of a vessel, the arrangements are to be clearly indicated on
the plans when first submitted for approval and they are to be
specially considered. It is recommended that the inner bottom be
arranged to protect the bilges as much as possible and that it be
extended to the sides of the vessel forward of the midship three-fifths
length. Details of construction at the ends of partial double bottoms
are to be clearly shown on the plans submitted for approval.
d or 0.66D
1
h For bottom frame and h For reverse bars
reverse bars with struts without struts
FIGURE 7.3
Double-bottom Solid Floors
b Thickness at Ends
85% of that given for amidships
7.3.10 Struts
The permissible load, Wa, for struts is to be determined in accordance
with Section 11.3.1. The calculated load, W is to be determined
by W = 1.07phs in metric tons or W = 0.03phs in long tons where
s and h have the values as defined in 7.3.8a and p is equal to the
distance in m or ft between the center of the struts.
Amidships and aft side girders of the scantlings obtained from 7.3.5
are to be so arranged that the distance from the center girder to
the first side girder, between the girders, or from the outboard girder
to the center of the margin plate does not exceed 4.57 m (15 ft). At
the fore end they are to be arranged as required by 7.11. Additional
full- or half-depth girders are to be fitted beneath the inner bottom
as required in way of machinery and thrust seatings and beneath
wide-spaced pillars. Where the bottom and inner bottom are longitu-
dinally framed, this requirement may be modified, and the side
girders are to be suitably stiffened between floors, the ends of the
stiffeners are to be sniped where side girders do not form tight
boundaries.
7.15 Drainage
Air and drainage holes are to be cut in all parts of the structure
to ensure the free escape of air to the vents and the free drainage
to the suction pipes.
8.1 General
8.1.2 Frames
Each flanged plate, rolled shape or built-up section having a section
modulus SM in cm3 or ins, in association with the plating to which
it is attached, not less than obtained from 8.5, may be used. '
FIGURE 8.1
Zones of Framing
Minimum
Type
2.44m
(8 ft)
Bhd deck]
Type B.
h,
1 Minimum
2.10 m (7 ft)
0.'51
/ Minima
2.10 m (7
SECTION 8 4 Frames
b Deck Longitudinals with Deep Beams Where the decks are
supported by longitudinal beams in association with wide-spaced
deep transverse beams, the value of h1 for the normal frames between
the deep beams may be taken as equal to zero; for the frames in
way of the deep beams, the value of h1 is to be multiplied by the
number of frame spaces between the deep beams.
c Sizes Increased for Heavy Load Where frames may be subject
to special heavy loads, such as may occur at the ends of deep trans-
verse girders which in turn carry longitudinal deck girders, the sec-
tion moduli are to be suitably increased in proportion to the extra
load carried.
d Small Vessels Where the bulkhead deck is the lowest deck and
L is less than 61 m (200 ft), the section modulus obtained from 8.5.1
may be taken as 0.66SM; where L is over 61 m (200 ft) but less
than 91.5 m (300 ft), the section modulus may be (SM)L/91.5
[(SM)L/300)]; where L is 91.5 m (300 ft) and above, the full value
of the section modulus is to be used.
h Where hhd
deck is crown
of deep tank
h Minimum
.41
1 Minimum
2.10 m
(7 ft)
0.51
8.7.1 General
Forepeak frames are to be efficiently connected to deep floors of
not less thickness than obtained from 7.3.5 for floors in engine space;
the floors are to extend as high as necessary to give lateral stiffness
to the structure and are to be properly stiffened on their upper edges.
Care is to be taken in arranging the framing and floors to assure
no wide areas of unsupported plating adjacent to the stem. Angle
ties are to be fitted as required across the tops of the floors and across
all tiers of beams or struts to prevent vertical or lateral movement.
Breast hooks are to be arranged at regular intervals at and between
the stringers above and below the waterline. In general, the frames
above the lowest deck are to be of the same sizes as required below,
but in vessels having large flare or varying sheers on the different
decks, with unusually long frames, stringers and webs above the lowest
deck or suitably increased frames may be required.
SECTION 8 7 Frames
8.7.2 Frame Scantlings
The section modulus SM of frames is to be obtained as follows for
three different systems of construction.
a Beams on Alternate Frames In vessels where beams on alter-
nate frames, in conjunction with flanged stringer plates of the sizes
given in 9.5.2, are fitted in tiers at intervals of not more than 1.80 m
(6 ft) apart, and the distance from the lowest tier to the top of the
floor is not more than 1.57 m (5,14 ft), the section modulus SM of each
peak frame is to be obtained from the following equation.
SM = 0.9Q(3.7sL 9.0) cm3 for L < 152.5 m
SM = 0.9Q(0.021sL 0.55) in.3 for L < 500 ft
s = frame spacing in m or ft
L = length of vessel as defined in 2.1 in m or ft
Q = material factor as obtained in 2.19.2
b Beams or Struts on Every Frame Where beams or struts are
fitted on every frame (but without stringer plates) in tiers 1.30 m
(4.3 ft) apart, the section modulus SM of the frames is not to be less
than determined by the above equation, nor is the section modulus
to be less than obtained from the following equation where 1 is the
length, in m or ft, of the longest actual span of the peak frame from
the toe of the lowest deck beam knee to the top of the floor.
SM = 0.9Q(0.025L 0.44)(7 + 45/13)12 cm3 for L < 152.5 m
SM = 0.9Q(0.085L 5)(0.0037 + 0.84/13)12 in.3 for L < 500 ft
L = length of vessel as defined in 2.1 in m or ft
Q = material factor as obtained in 2.19.2
c No Beams or Struts Fitted Where no beams or struts are fitted,
the section modulus of frames is not to be less than that determined
by the equation in subparagraph a nor is the section modulus to be
less than twice that obtained from the equation in subparagraph b
in association with a length 1 as defined in subparagraph b.
d Struts Struts, where fitted, are generally to be equivalent to
channels having an area approximately the same as the fore peak
frames.
8.11.1 General
The size of 'tween-deck framing is dependent on the standard of
main framing, arrangement of bulkhead support, requirements of
special loading, etc. In the design of the framing, consideration is
to be given to the provision of a reasonable degree of continuity
in the framing from the bottom to the top of the hull; the standard
is also contingent upon the maintenance of general transverse stiff-
ness by means of efficient partial bulkheads in line with the main
hold bulkheads or by the extension of deep frames at regular intervals
to the tops of superstructures.
9.1 General
Web frames and side stringers, similar to those shown in Figure 9.1,
where fitted in association with transverse frames of the sizes speci-
fied in 8.5.6, are to be of the sizes as required by this section. It
is recommended that the lowest stringer be not more than 2.10 m
(7 ft) above the top of the floors and that the distance between the
stringers be not more than 2.44 m (8 ft). Webs and stringers are not
to have less strength than would be required for similar members
on watertight bulkheads and in way of deep tanks they are to be
at least as effective as would be required for similar members on
deep-tank bulkheads.
9.3.4 Proportions
Hold webs are to have a depth of not less than 0.1441 (1.72 in. per
foot of span 1); the thickness is not to be less than Q(0.008d + 2.5) mm
or Q(0.008d + 0.10) in., where Q is the material factor as obtained
in 2.19.2 but is not to be taken as less than 1.30 without special
consideration and d is the depth of the web in mm or in.
Minimum
2.44 m
(8 ft)
0.51
Beams
10.1 Spacing
Transverse beams are to be fitted on every frame on all decks and
at all tank tops, tunnel tops and bulkhead recesses.
10.3 Beams
Each beam, in association with the plating to which it is attached,
is to have a section modulus SM as obtained from the following
equation.
SM = 0.9Q0(7.9ch.s/2) cm3 SM = 0.9Q,(0.0041chs/ 2) in.3
s = spacing of beams in in or ft
1 = distance in m or ft from the inner edge of the beam knee to
the nearest line of girder support or between girder supports,
whichever is greater. Normally 1 is not to be less than 0.2B.
Under the top of deep tanks and in way of bulkhead recesses,
the supports are to be arranged to limit the span to not over
4.57 m (15 ft).
c = 0.540 for half beams, for beams with centerline support only,
for beams between longitudinal bulkheads, and for beams over
tunnels or tunnel recesses
= 0.585 for beams between longitudinal deck girders. For longi-
tudinal beams of platform decks and between hatches at all
decks.
= 0.855 for longitudinal beams of effective second and third decks
= 0.945 for longitudinal beams of strength decks
= 0.990 for beams at deep-tank tops supported at one or both
ends at the shell or on longitudinal bulkheads
= 1.170 for beams at deep-tank tops between longitudinal girders
Q0 = material factor as obtained in 2.19.1
h = height in m or ft as follows:
h is normally to be the height measured at the side of the vessel,
of the cargo space wherever coal, stores or cargo may be carried.
h is to be suitably adjusted where cargo is to be suspended from
the beams, as in the case of hanging meat cargoes, and where the
cargo weights are greater or less than normal.
h for bulkhead recesses and tunnel flats is the height in m or ft to
the bulkhead deck at the centerline; where that height is less than
6.10 m (20 ft), the value of h is to be taken as 0.8 times the actual
Meters
a
30 1.36 1.06 0.91 0.60 0.45 0.30 0.30
40 1.56 1.26 1.01 0.70 0.55 0.40 0.40
50 1.66 1.46 1.11 0.80 0.65 0.50 0.46
60 1.96 1.66 1.21 0.90 0.75 0.60 0.46
70 2.16 1.86 1.31 1.00 0.85 0.70 0.46
80 2.36 2.06 1.41 1.10 0.95 0.80 0.46
90 2.56 2.26 1.51 1.20 1.05 0.90 0.46
100 2.76 2.29 1.69 1.30 1.15 0.91 0.46
110 2.90 2.29 1.90 1.44 1.15 0.91 0.46
120 2.90 2.29 1.98 1.64 1.27 0.91 0.46
122 2.90 2.29 1.98 1.68 1.30 0.91 0.46
and
above
Feet
L a
10.9 Attachments
11.1 General
11.3.2 Length /
The length 1 for use in the equation is to be measured from the top
of the inner bottom, deck or other structure on which the stanchions
are based to the under side of the beam or girder supported.
11.3.7 Attachments
Wide-spaced tubular or solid pillars are to bear solidly at head and
heel and are to be attached by welding, properly proportioned on
the size of the pillar. The attachments of stanchions or pillars under
bulkhead recesses, tunnel tops or deep-tank tops which may be
subjected to tension loads are to be specially developed to provide
sufficient welding to withstand the tension load.
Girders of the sizes required by 11.7, 11.9, and 11.13 are to be fitted
elsewhere as required to support the beams; in way of bulkhead
recesses and the tops of tanks they are to be arranged so that the
unsupported spans of the beams do not exceed 3.5 m (11.5 ft). Addi-
tional girders are to be fitted as required under masts, king posts,
deck machinery or other heavy concentrated loads. In way of deck
girders or special deep beams, the deck plating is to be of sufficient
thickness and suitably stiffened to provide an effective part of the
girder.
Superstructure
deck
Freeboard
deck
Superstructure
deck
BM
Mid-distance between
girder and knee
Mid-distance between
supports
11.13.5 Brackets
Brackets at the ends of hatch-end beams are to be generally as
described in 9.3.2. Where brackets are not fitted, the length 1 is to
be measured to the side of the vessel and the face plates or flanges
on the beams are to be attached to the shell by heavy horizontal
brackets extending to the adjacent frame.
12.1 General
All vessels are to be provided with strength and watertight bulkheads
in accordance with this section. In vessels of special types, alternative
arrangements are to be specially approved. In all cases, the plans
submitted shall show clearly the location and extent of the bulkheads.
Watertight bulkheads constructed in accordance with these Rules
will be recorded in the Record as WT (watertight), the symbols being
prefixed in each case by the number of such bulkheads.
FIGURE 12.1
Collision Bulkhead Location With Bulbous Bow
12,7.1 Plating
Plating is to be of the thickness obtained from the following equa-
tions.
a For h < 18 rn (59 ft)
0.9(Q, + VQ0 (Rh
+ 6.1)/1830] + 3.05) mm
2
12.7.2 Stiffeners
Each stiffener, in association with the plating to which it is attached,
is to have a section modulus SM as obtained from the following
equation.
SM = 0.9Q07.9chs/ 2 cm3 SM = 0.9Q00.0041chs/2 in.3
Q0 = material factor as obtained in 2.19.1, except where the fore-
going requirements are used in accordance with 8.1.1 for side
framing in which case Q, as obtained in 2.19.2, is to be used.
12.7.4 Attachments
Lower brackets to inner bottoms are to extend over the floor adjacent
to the bulkhead. Where stiffeners cross horizontal girders, they are
to be effectively attached. The attached ends of unbracketed stiff-
eners are not to terminate on unsupported plate; flat bar clips are
to be attached to the ends of the stiffeners or fitted in line with them
on the opposite side of the plate and extended to an adjacent sup-
porting member.
Millimeters Inches
Depth Depth
of Thickness Width of Thickness Width
Longer of Longer of
Arm Plain Flanged Flange Arm Plain Flanged Flange
150 9.0 6.0 0.35
175 9.5 7.5 0.38
200 9.5 9.0 55 9.0 0.40 0.35 21/4
225 10.0 9.0 55 10.5 0.43 0.35 21/4
250 11.0 9.0 55 12.0 0.46 0.38 21/4
275 11.0 9.5 55 13.5 0.48 0.38 2 Y4
300 11.5 9.5 55 15.0 0.51 0.40 21/4
325 12.0 9.5 55 16.5 0.54 0.40 21/4
350 12.0 10.0 60 18.0 0.56 0.43 21/4
375 13.0 10.0 60 19.5 0.59 0.43 21/4
400 13.5 10.0 60 21.0 0.62 0.46 2%
425 13.5 11.0 63 22.5 0.65 0.46 2%
450 14.0 11.0 63 24.0 0.67 0.48 23/4
475 15.0 11.0 63 25.5 0.70 0.48 23/4
500 15.0 11.5 63 27.0 0.72 0.51 3
525 15.5 11.5 63 28.5 0.75 0.51 3
550 16.0 11.5 63 30.0 0.78 0.54 3
600 17.0 12.0 70 33.0 0.56 31/4
650 17.5 13.0 75 36.0 0.59 3%
700 19.0 13.0 75 39.0 0.62 3%
750 19.5 13.5 75 42.0 0.65 4
800 14.0 80 45.0 0.67 41/4
850 14.0 85
900 15.0 90
950 15.5 90
1000 15.5 95
1050 16.0 100
1100 17.0 105
1150 17.0 110
1200 17.5 110
12.13 Testing
13.1 General
Tanks for fresh water or fuel oil or those which are not intended
to be kept entirely filled in service, are to have divisions or deep
swashes as may be required to minimize the dynamic stress on the
structure. Longitudinal tight divisions, which are fitted for reasons
of stability and which will be subjected to pressure from both sides,
in tanks which are to be entirely filled or empty in service, may
be of the scantlings required for watertight bulkheads by Section
12; in such cases the tanks are to be provided with feed tanks or
deep hatches, fitted with inspection plugs in order to ensure that
they are kept full when in service. Tight divisions in all other cases,
and the boundary bulkheads of all deep tanks in peaks or holds are
to be constructed in accordance with the requirements of this section
where they exceed those of Section 12. The arrangement of all deep
tanks, together with their intended service and the height of the
overflow pipes, are to be clearly indicated on the plans submitted
for approval.
13.3.1 Plating
Plating is to be of the thickness t obtained from the following equa-
tion.
t 0.9(Q0 2+ ) (s. -NA /254 + 2.54) mm
t 0.9(Q. +
2 -V-0:) (s, \A- /460 + 0.10) in.
13.3.2 Stiffeners
Each stiffener, in association with the plating to which it is attached,
is to have a section modulus SM not less than that obtained from
the following equation.
SM = (0.9Q,)7.9chs/2 cm3 SM = (0.990 )0.0041ehs/2 in.3
Qa = material factor as obtained in 2.19.1, except where 13.3.2 is
used for side framing in accordance with 8.1.1 in which case
Q as obtained in 2.19.2 is to be used.
= distance in m or ft between the heels of the end attachments;
where horizontal girders are fitted, 1 is the distance from the
heel of the end attachment to the first girder or the distance
between the horizontal girders.
s = spacing of the stiffeners in m or ft
= greatest of the following distances, in m or ft from the middle
of 1 to:
1 A point located at two-thirds of the distance from the top of
the tank to the top of the overflow
2 A point located above the top of the tank a distance not less
than given in column (e) of Table 10.1, appropriate to the
vessel's length
3 The load line
4 A point located at two-thirds of the distance from the middle
of 1 to the bulkhead or freeboard deck
13.3.4 Attachments
End brackets are to extend to adjacent supporting members. The
attached ends of unbracketed stiffeners are not to terminate on
unsupported plate; flatbar clips are to be attached to the ends of
the stiffeners or fitted in line with them on the opposite side of the
plate and extended to an adjacent supporting member.
Limber and air holes are to be cut in all parts of -the structure as
required to ensure the free flow to the suction pipes and the escape
of air to the vents. Efficient arrangements are to be made for draining
the tops of deep tanks.
15.1 General
Shell plating is to be of not less thickness than is required for purposes
of longitudinal hull-girder strength in accordance with 6.3; nor is
it to be less than is required by this section. In general, after all
corrections are made, the shell plating is not to be less in thickness
than required by Section 13 for deep tanks. Where hull-girder shear
values are abnormal, the thickness of the side-shell plating may be
required to be increased.
0.9(Q + VO) .
t = [0.00042(L + 95) + 0.009s] in.
2
t = thickness in mm or in.
L = length of vessel as defined in 2.1 in m or ft
s = fore or aft peak frame spacing in mm or in.
Q = material factor obtained in 2.19.2
Where the strength deck at the ends is above the freeboard deck,
the thickness of the side plating above the freeboard deck may be
reduced to the thickness given for forecastle and poop sides at the
forward and after ends respectively.
15.7 Compensation
Compensation is to be made where necessary for holes in shell plates.
All openings are to have well-rounded corners; those for cargo,
gangway, fueling ports, etc. are to be kept well clear of discon-
tinuities in the hull girder; local provision is to be made to maintain
the longitudinal and transverse strength of the hull; where it is
proposed to fit portlights in the shell plating, the locations and sizes
are to be clearly indicated on the midship-section drawing when first
submitted for approval.
15.9 Breaks
Breaks in vessels having partial superstructures are to be specially
strengthened to limit the local increases in stresses at these points.
The stringer plates and sheerstrakes at the lower level are to be
doubled or increased in thickness well beyond the break in both
16.1 General
16.1.1 Extent of Plating
It is recommended that the weather portions of all strength decks
be plated for at least the midship 0.4L; in vessels of 76 m (250 ft)
length and above this recommendation becomes a requirement. In
vessels of 91.5 m (300 ft) length and above, forecastle decks and
strength decks for at least the midship 0.75L are to be plated, and
in vessels of 122 m (400 ft) length and above at least one deck is
to be completely plated. In all vessels, portions of decks forming
the crowns of machinery spaces, the tops of tanks or steps in bulk-
heads are to be plated. Weather portions of upper superstructure
decks over accommodation, except relatively short deckhouse tops,
are to be plated within the midship 0.4L in vessels of 107 m (350 ft)
length and above. In all other cases decks may be either completely
plated or formed of stringers and tie plates having sufficient breadth
and thickness to satisfy the requirements of 16.3. Where decks are
completely plated for only a part of the length, the plating is to
be gradually tapered to the stringer plates.
16.1.2 Frames
Frames are not to extend through the stringer plates of weather
decks, tanks or watertight flats, unless watertight steel chocks or
collars are fitted. Where frames pass through other tight decks below
the weather deck, welded chocks or collars are to be fitted. Freeboard
decks within superstructure, which are not fully and permanently
enclosed, and bulkhead decks in passenger vessels are to be made
tight in similar fashion.
SECTION 1 6 4 Decks
of the effective area be disposed of in the sheerstrake to obtain
thicknesses for the deck stringer and the sheerstrake more nearly
comparable with each other.
c Unusual Hull Arrangements Where the arrangement is such
that either hogging or sagging bending moments greater than usual
may be expected in any normal ballasted or loaded condition, it may
be required that bending-moment calculations be prepared and
scantlings increased.
d Plating within Line of Openings Within the line of openings
the thickness of exposed plating is to be not less than obtained from
the equation in 5, amidships; at the forward and after ends it is to
be as required for exposed forecastle and poop-deck plating. Within
deckhouses, the plating may be of the thickness obtained from the
equation in 7.
TABLE 16.1
Thickness Equation Location
Effective D. D, Minimum Thickness
Lower Deck meters feet Equation
Second Deck Under 12.8 Under 42 5
12.8 to 15.2 42 to 50 4
Over 15.2 Over 50 3
Third Deck Under 9.8 Under 32 6
9.8 to 13.4 32 to 44 5
13.4 to 17.7 44 to 58 4
Over 17.7 Over 58 3
SECTION 16 5 Decks
16.5.3 Reinforcement at Openings
a At Hatchways At the corners of hatchways or other openings
in effective decks, generous radii are to be provided.
b In Way of Machinery Space In way of the machinery spaces,
special attention is to be paid to the maintenance of lateral stiffness
by means of through beams and plating and the provision of thor-
oughly effective deck support.
17.1 Scantlings
17.1.1 Side Plating
Side plating of superstructures within the midship 0.4L of the vessel
is to be obtained from 15.3. At the forward and after ends, the plating
for 0.1L from each end may be of the thickness obtained from 15.5.5
for forecastle and poop-side plating respectively; beyond 0.11, from
each end the thickness of the plating is to be gradually increased
to that required within the midship 0.4L length.
17.1.3 Frames
Frames are to be of the sizes obtained from 8.11. Web frames or
partial bulkheads are to be fitted over main bulkheads and elsewhere
as may be required to give effective transverse rigidity to the struc-
ture.
17.3.2 Attachments
Stiffeners on bulkheads at the after ends of forecastles and bridges
may have unattached sniped ends. Stiffeners on the front bulkheads
of bridges and poops are to be attached to the deck plating at their
upper and lower ends by welding all around.
17.5.4 Portlights
Portlights in the end bulkheads of enclosed superstructures are to
be of substantial construction and provided with efficient inside
deadlights. Also see 20.7.
'Where the spacing of stiffeners is greater or less than 760 mm, the thickness of the
plating is to be increased and may be reduced at the rate of 0.7 for each 100 mm
difference in spacing.
'Where the spacing of stiffeners is greater or less than 30 in., the thickness of the
plating is to be increased and may be reduced at the rate of 0.025 in. for each 4 in.
difference in spacing.
SECTION 17 (3 Superstructures
17.5.5 Bridges and Poops
A bridge or poop is not to be regarded as enclosed unless access
is provided for the crew to reach machinery and other working spaces
inside these superstructures by alternate means which are available
at all times when bulkhead openings are closed.
17.9 Deckhouses
Deckhouses are to have sufficient strength for their size and location;
those in exposed positions on freeboard and superstructure decks are
to be constructed to approved plans. Their general scantlings are
to be based on the requirements for after bulkheads of bridges with
the fronts of houses suitably increased in strength. Houses whose
lengths are greater than 0.1L are to have effective longitudinal scant-
lings to give a hull-girder section modulus through the deckhouse
equal to that of the main hull girder. The plating on the sides and
on the tops of long deckhouses is not to be less than obtained from
equation 7 in 16.5.1a. Partial bulkheads, deep webs, etc. are to be
fitted at the sides and ends of large deckhouses to provide resistance
to racking.
SECTION 1 7 14 Superstructures
SECTION 18
Protection of Deck Openings
18.1 General
For the purpose of these Rules, two positions of deck openings are
defined as follows.
Position 1 Upon exposed freeboard and raised quarter decks and
upon exposed superstructure decks situated forward of a point lo-
cated a quarter of the vessel's length from the forward perpendicular
Position 2 Upon exposed superstructure decks situated abaft a
quarter of the vessel's length from the forward perpendicular
18.7.8 Cleats
Cleats are to be set to fit the taper of the wedges. They are to be
at least 85 mm (3.25 in.) wide and spaced not more than 450 mm
(18 in.) center to center; the cleats along each side or end are to
be not more than 115 mm (4.5 in.) from the hatch corners.
18.7.9 Wedges
Wedges are to be of tough wood; they are to have a taper of not
more than 1 in 6 and are to be not less than 13.0 mm (0.50 in.) thick
at the toes.
18.7.11 Tarpaulins
At least two tarpaulins thoroughly waterproofed and of ample
strength are to be provided for each exposed hatchway. The material
is to be guaranteed free from jute and is to be of an approved type.
Other fabrics which have been demonstrated to be equivalent will
be specially approved.
18.11.1 General
The following scantlings are intended for ocean-going vessels and
conventional type covers. Those for covers of special types or for
vessels of restricted service are to be specially considered.
18.17.1 Arrangement
Machinery-space openings in Position 1 or 2 are to be framed and
efficiently enclosed by casings of aluminum alloy of ample strength,
and, wherever practicable, those in freeboard decks are to be within
superstructures or deckhouses. Access openings in exposed casings
are to be fitted with doors complying with the requirements of 17.5.2,
the sills of which are to be at least 600 mm (23.5 in.) above the deck
if in Position 1, and at least 380 mm (15 in.) above the deck if in
Pdsition 2. Other openings in such casings are to be fitted with
equivalent covers, permanently attached in their proper positions.
19.1 General
19.11.1 Plating
The plating of flat sides of shaft or other watertight tunnels is to
be of the thickness as obtained from 12.7.1 for watertight bulkheads;
the lowest strake of the plating is to be increased 1.5 mm (0.055 in.)
Flat plating on the tops of tunnels or tunnel recesses is to be of the
thickness required for watertight bulkhead plating at the same level;
where unsheathed in way of hatches, the thickness is to be increased
3 mm (0.11 in.) and where the top of the tunnel or recess forms a
part of a deck, the thickness is not to be less than required for the
plating of watertight bulkheads at the same level plus 1.5 mm
(0.055 in.) nor than would be required for the deck plating. Curved
plating may be of the thickness required for watertight bulkhead
plating at the same level in association with a stiffener spacing
200 mm (8 in,) less than that actually adopted; crown plating in way
of hatches is to be increased at least 3.5 mm (0.013 in.) or it is to
be protected by wood sheathing not less than 50 mm (2 in.) thick.
19.11.2 Stiffeners
Stiffeners are not to be spaced more than 915 mm (36 in.) apart, and,
each stiffener, in association with the plating to which they are
t = 0.9(Q0 + VQ (0.1345dh + 9) mm
2
= 0.9(Q0 + 1/"0:: )
(0.000492 dh + 0.36)
2
Qo material factor as obtained in 2.19.1
t = thickness of the plating in mm or in.
d = diameter of the tunnel in m or ft
h = distance in m or ft from the bottom of the tunnel to the load
line or to the highest level to which the tank contents may
rise in service conditions, or two-thirds of the distance to D,
or two-thirds of the test head, whichever is greatest
20.3.3 Trunks
Where a vessel is fitted with a trunk, and open rails are not fitted
on weather parts of the freeboard deck in way of the trunk for at
least half their length, or where continuous or substantially continu-
ous hatchway side coamings are fitted between detached super-
structures, the minimum area of the freeing-port openings is to be
calculated from the following table.
20.5.2 .Location
Unless especially approved, the lower edge of cargo, gangway, or
fueling port openings is not to be below a line drawn parallel to
the freeboard deck at side, which has at its lowest point the upper
edge of the uppermost load line.
20.7 Portlights
20.7.1 Construction
Portlights to spaces below the freeboard deck or to spaces within
enclosed superstructures are to be fitted with efficient inside dead-
lights arranged so that they can be effectively closed and secured
watertight. They are to have strong frames (other than cast iron)
and opening-type portlights are to have noncorrosive hinge pins.
20.7.2 Location
No portlight is to be fitted in a position with its sill below a line
drawn parallel to the freeboard deck at side and having its lowest
point 2.5% of the breadth of the vessel above the load waterline,
or 500 mm (19.5 in.), whichever is the greater distance.
21.3 Sparring
22,1 General
22.1.1 Classification
The classification Oil Carrier is to be assigned to vessels designed
for the carriage of oil cargoes in bulk, and built to the requirements
of this section and other relevant sections of these Rules. As used in
these Rules, the term "oil" refers to petroleum products having flash
points below 60C (140F), closed cup test, and specific gravity of not
over 1.05. Vessels intended to carry fuel oil having a flash point at
or above 60C (140F), closed cup test, and to receive classification
Fuel Oil Carrier are to comply with the requirements of this section
and other relevant sections of these Rules with the exception that
the requirements for cofferdams and gastight bulkheads may be
modified.
22.1.2 Application
The Rules contained in this section are intended to apply to longitu-
dinally framed tank vessels having depths of not less than one-
fifteenth their length and which are generally of welded construction
and of usual form, having machinery aft, single bottoms, either two
or three continuous longitudinal bulkheads, with all continuous lon-
gitudinal members effectively developed at the transverse bulkheads.
These Rules are also intended to apply to other vessels of similar
type and arrangement. Where the arrangement of longitudinal or
transverse bulkheads differs from that described, with unusual widths
or lengths of tank spaces, the scantlings may require adjustment and
an additional longitudinal bulkhead may be required to provide
strength equivalent to that obtained in a vessel of the usual form.
It is recommended that compliance with the following requirements
be accomplished through a detailed investigation of the magnitude
and distribution of the imposed longitudinal and transverse forces
by using an acceptable method of engineering analysis. The following
paragraphs are to be used as a guide in determining scantlings.
Where it can be shown that the calculated stresses using the loading
conditions specified in 22.27.3 are less than those stated to be permis-
sible, consideration will be given to scantlings alternative to those
recommended by this section. The structural arrangements are to
be in accordance with those given in the following paragraphs.
22.1.4 Breaks
Special care is to be taken throughout the structure to provide
against local stresses at the ends of the oil spaces, superstructures,
etc. The main longitudinal bulkheads are to be suitably tapered at
their ends and effective longitudinal bulkheads in the poop are to
be located, to provide effective continuity between the structure in
way of and beyond the main cargo spaces. Where the break of a
superstructure lies within the midship 0.5L, the required shell and
deck scantlings for the midship 0.4L may be required to be extended
to effect a gradual taper of structure and the deck stringer plate
and sheerstrake are to be increased. See 22.19.2 and 22.21.1. Where
the breaks of the forecastle and poop are appreciably beyond the
midship 0.5L, the requirements of 22.19.2 and 22.21.1 may be modi-
fied.
22.1.5 Variations
Tankers of special type or design differing from those described in
the following Rules will be specially considered on the basis of
equivalent strength.
22.3.3 Hatchways
Exposed hatchways on the freeboard and forecastle decks or on the
tops of expansion trunks are to be provided with efficient watertight
covers of aluminum alloy. The use of material other than aluminum
alloy will be subject to special consideration
22.3,5 Flooding
Attention is called to the requirement of the International Conven-
tion on Load Lines, 1966, that tankers over 150 m (492 ft) in length
to which freeboards are assigned as Type-A vessels are to be able
to withstand the flooding of certain compartments.
22.3.6 Ventilators
Ventilators to spaces below the freeboard deck are to be specially
stiffened or protected by superstructures or other efficient means.
22.5 Arrangement
22.5,1 Subdivision
The length of the tanks, location of expansion trunks, and position
22.5.2 Cofferdams
Cofferdams, thoroughly oiltight and vented, having widths as re-
quired for ready access are to be provided for the separation of all
cargo tanks from galleys and living quarters, general cargo spaces
which are below the uppermost continuous deck, boiler rooms, and
spaces containing propelling machinery or other machinery where
sources of ignition are normally present. Pump rooms, compartments
arranged solely for ballast, and fuel-oil tanks may be considered as
cofferdams in compliance with this rule.
22.7 Ventilation
See Section 36 of the "Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels."
See Section 35 of the "Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels."
All cargo, ballast and cofferdam spaces are to be tested before the
vessel is launched or when in drydock with a head of water 1.22 m
(4 ft) above the deck at side forming the crown of the tanks in vessels
of 61 m (200 ft) length and under, and 2.44 m (8 ft) above, in vessels
of 122 m (400 ft) length and over; for intermediate lengths, interme-
diate heights above the deck are to be used. The test head is not
to be less than the distance to the tops of the hatches. The foregoing
requirements may be modified where the tanks are tested by air
pressure in association with a means for detecting leaks. Bulkheads
separating cargo tanks from cofferdams, pump rooms, machinery
spaces, or tanks arranged exclusively for ballast are to be hydrostati-
cally tested as indicated above, but this testing may be carried out
after the vessel is afloat.
22.19.1 Amidships
Shell plating within the midship 0.4L is to be of not less thickness
22.19.2 Sheerstrake
The thickness of the sheerstrake is to be not less than the thickness
of the deck stringer plate or the side-shell plating, whichever is
greater. The thickness is to be increased 25% in way of breaks of
superstructures, but this increase need not exceed 9.6 mm (0.37 in.).
See 22.1.3.
22.21.1 Amidships
The strength deck within the midship 0.4L is to be of not less thick-
ness than is required to provide the deck area necessary for longitu-
dinal strength in accordance with 22.17; nor is the thickness to be
less than that determined by the following equations for thickness
of deck plating. The thickness of the stringer plate is to be increased
25% in way of breaks of superstructures, but this increase need not
exceed 9.6 mm (0.37 in.). See 22.1.3. This requirement may be modi-
fied for vessels with set-in bridges. The required deck area is to be
maintained throughout the midship 0.4L of the vessel or beyond the
end of a superstructure at or near the midship 0.4L point; from these
locations to the ends of the vessel the deck area may be gradually
reduced in accordance with 6.5.2. In way of a superstructure beyond
the midship 0.4L, the strength-deck area may be reduced to 70%
of those requirements.
t = 0.9Q[0.0016s 53 + 0.32(L/D) 2.5] mm
t = 0.9Q[0.000883s -VL 174 + 0.0126(L/D) 0.1] in.
t = plate thickness in mm or in.
s = spacing of deck longitudinals in rnm or in.
L = length of vessel as defined in 2.1 in m or ft
D = molded depth as defined in 2.5 in m or ft
Q = material factor as obtained in 2.19.2 but is not to be taken as
less than 1.30 without special consideration.
22.27.1 General
Webs, girders and transverses which support longitudinal frames,
beams or bulkhead stiffeners, generally are to be in accordance with
the following paragraphs. It is recommended that deep girders be
arranged in line with webs and stringers to provide complete planes
of stiffness. In vessels without a longitudinal centerline bulkhead or
effective centerline supporting member, a center vertical keel is to
be provided having sufficient strength to serve as one line of support
where centerline keel blocks are used in drydocking operations.
TABLE 22.3
Minimum Thicknesses for
Web Portions of Members
L is the length of the vessel as defined in 2.1. For vessels of
lengths intermediate to those in the table, the thickness is to
be obtained by interpolation.
L, m t, mm L, ft t, in.
46 and under 11.5 150 and under 0.46
82 13 270 0.52
118 14.5 390 0.58
142.5 16 500 0.64
Where face plate area on the member is Where face plate area on the member is
carried along the face of the bracket not carried along the face of the bracket,
and where face plate area on the bracket
is at least one-half the face plate area on
the member
a b
t bhd
C
d
22.27.6 Brackets
Brackets are generally to be of the same thickness as the member
supported, are to be flanged at their edges, and are to be suitably
stiffened.
22.27.7 Stiffeners
Stiffeners attached to the longitudinals are to be fitted for the full
depth of the member and are to be spaced at each longitudinal frame
on bottom transverses, on alternate longitudinal frames on side trans-
verses, vertical webs and horizontal girders, and generally on every
third longitudinal frame on deck transverses. Special attention is to
be given to the stiffening of web-plate panels close to changes in
contour of the web. Tripping brackets, arranged to support the
flanges, are to be spaced at intervals of about 2.25 m (7.5 ft), close
to changes of section, and in line with or as near as practicable to
the flanges of struts. Where the depth/thickness ratio of the web
plating is greater than 140, a stiffener is to be fitted parallel to the
flange at approximately one-Quarter depth of the web from the face
plate. Special attention is to be given to providing for compressive
loads. The moment of inertia I of the stiffener, attached to longitu-
dinals, frames, stiffeners, etc. and normal to flanges of the webs,
transverses, etc. including effective plating, should be not less than
obtained from the following equation.
I = 0.191t3(l/s)3 cm4 or in.4 for 1/s < 2.0
I = 0.381t3(1/s)2 cm4 or in.4 for Us > 2.0
= length of stiffener between effective supports, in cm or in.
t = required thickness of web plating in cm or in. but need not be
greater than s/55
s = spacing of stiffeners in cm or in.
The effective breadth of plating in determining the inertia of the
22.27.9 Struts
Where one or more struts are fitted as an effective supporting system
for the wing-tank members, they are to be spaced so as to divide
the supported members into spans of approximately equal length.
The value of W for struts is obtained by the following equation.
W = 1.07bhs metric tons W = 0.03bhs long tons
b = mean breadth in m or ft of the area supported
h = vertical distance in m or ft from the center of the area supported
to a point located 1.22 m (4 ft) above the deck at side amidships
in vessels 61 m (200 ft) in length and under and to a point
located 2.44 m (8 ft) above the deck at side amidships in vessels
122 m (400 ft) in length and above; for intermediate lengths,
intermediate points may be used. The value of h is not to be
less than the vertical distance in m or ft from the center of
the area supported to the tops of the hatches.
s = spacing of transverses in m or ft
The permissible load of struts, Wa in tons is to be determined by
the following equation and is to be equal to or greater than the
calculated load W as determined above.
22.29.1 Arrangement
The sizes of the longitudinals or stiffeners as given in this paragraph
are predicated on the transverses or webs being regularly spaced.
Longitudinals or horizontal stiffeners are to be continuous or at-
tached at their ends to develop their sectional area effectively. This
requirement may be modified in the case of stiffeners on transverse
bulkheads. Consideration is to be given to the effective support of
the plating in compression when selecting the size and spacing of
longitudinals.
23.1 General
23.1.1 Classification
The classification Bulk Carrier, or Ore Carrier, is to be assigned to
vessels designed for the carriage of bulk cargoes, or ore cargoes, and
built to the requirements of this section and other relevant sections
of these Rules. Where the vessel has been specially reinforced for
the carriage of heavy-density cargoes, special loading arrangements,
or both, it will be distinguished in the Record with a notation de-
scribing the special arrangements. Full particulars of the loading
conditions and the maximum density of the cargoes to be provided
for are to be given on the basic design drawings.
23.1.2 Application
These requirements are intended to apply to vessels having machin-
ery aft, one deck and a complete or partial double bottom. They
are intended to apply to vessels of welded construction, usual form,
and having depths not less than one-fifteenth their lengths. They are
applicable to vessels having longitudinal framing and may have
topside tanks and side tanks, or two continuous longitudinal bulk-
heads. Transverse side framing will also be acceptable. These Rules
are also intended to apply to other vessels of similar type and ar-
rangement.
23.1.3 Arrangement
Watertight and strength bulkheads in accordance with Section 12
are to be provided. Where this is impracticable, the transverse
strength and stiffness of the hull is to be effectively maintained by
deep webs or partial bulkheads. Where it is intended to carry liquid
in any of the spaces, additional bulkheads or swash bulkheads may
be required. Tank bulkheads are to be in accordance with the re-
quirements of Section 13 or Section 22, as appropriate. The depth
of double bottom at the centerline is not to be less than the height
for center girders as obtained from Section 7.
23.1.4 Scantlings
It is recommended that compliance with the following requirements
be accomplished through detailed investigation of the magnitude and
23.9.1 Amidships
Shell plating within the midship 0.41, is to be not less in thickness
than is required for purposes of longitudinal hull-girder strength in
accordance with 23.5, nor is it to be less than is required by, 15.3
23.13.1 General
The double bottom is generally to be arranged with a centerline
girder, or equivalent, and full-depth side girders, in accordance with
Section 7 except that the side girders are to be spaced approximately
2.25 m (7.5 ft). The scantlings of the double-bottom structure are to
be in accordance with Section 7 except as modified in this section.
Increases may be required when cargo is to be carried in alternate
holds. It is recommended that the depth of double bottom forward
be increased where subject to slamming forces and that unnecessary
openings in the floors and girders be avoided. See also 23.1.3. Where
ducts forming a part of the double bottom structure are used as a
part of the piping system for transferring cargo oil or ballast, the
structural integrity of the duct is to be safeguarded by suitable relief
valves or other arrangement to limit the pressure in the system to
the value for which it is designed. See also 23.1.3.
23.15 Framing
26.1 General
Aluminum alloys intended for the construction of vessels classed by
the Bureau are to be used generally only under conditions which
will not induce excessive corrosion. Where exposure to environments
which may induce excessive corrosion cannot be avoided, suitable
coatings, tapes, sacrificial anodes, impressed-current systems or
other corrosion preventive measures are to be employed. When tapes
are used for corrosion protection, they are to be non-wicking and
non-water absorbing.
26.3 Coatings
26.3.1 General
Coatings are to be applied in accordance with the manufacturer's
instructions, and are to be preceded by appropriate cleaning and
possibly chemical conversion of surfaces as may be required in ac-
cordance with the manufacturer's recommendations. Coatings are to
be free from voids, scratches or other imperfections which are poten-
tial sites for localized corrosion.
26.3.2 Composition
The composition of coatings is to be compatible with aluminum.
Coatings containing copper, lead, mercury or other metals which
can induce galvanic or other forms of corrosion are not to be used.
Insulating coatings intended to prevent galvanic corrosion are not
to contain graphite or other conducting materials.
26.5.1 Hull
Suitable means are to be taken to avoid direct contact of faying
surfaces of aluminum to other metals. When such faying surfaces
occur in hull construction, suitable non-wicking and non-water ab-
sorbing insulating tapes or coatings are to be used Other types of
joints between aluminum and other metals may be approved in
certain applications.
28.31 General
All vessels are to have a complete equipment of steel anchors and
chains. The letter placed after the symbols of classification in the
Record, thus: +A1(), will signify that the equipment of the vessel
is in compliance with the requirements of these Rules, or with re-
quirements corresponding to the service limitation noted in the
vessel's classification, which have been specially approved for the
particular service. The weight per anchor of bower anchors given
in Table 28.1 is for anchors of equal weight. The weight of individual
anchors may vary 7% plus or minus from the tabular weight provided
that the combined weight of all anchors is not less than that required
for anchors of equal weight.
Cables which are intended to form part of the equipment are not
to be used as check chains when the vessel is launched. The inboard
ends of the cables of the bower anchors are to be secured by efficient
means. Two bower anchors and their cables are to be connected and
positioned, ready for use. Where three anchors are given in Table
28.1, the third anchor is intended as a spare bower anchor and is
listed for guidance only; it is not required as a condition of classifica-
tion. Means are to be provided for stopping each cable as it is paid
out, and the windlass should be capable of heaving in either cable.
Suitable arrangements are to be provided for securing the anchors
and stowing the cables.
28.11 Tugs
Tugs are to have at least one anchor of one-half the tabular weight
listed in Table 28.1.
SECTION 28 2 Equipment
FIGURE 28.1
Effective Heights of Deck Houses
ropes are substituted for anchor chain the following additional re-
quirements apply:
a A length of chain not less than 12.5 m (41 ft) is to connect the
anchor to the wire rope.
b The length of wire rope is to be 1.5 times that required for
the chain it is replacing.
28.15 Tests
Hawsers, towlines and stream anchor and cable sizes are listed in
Table 28.3 as a guide for vessels having lengths of 61 m (200 ft) and
above. Table 28.2 includes, as a guide, particulars of mooring lines
and hawsers for vessels under 61 m (200 ft) in length. This equipment
is not required as a condition for classification.
28.21 Windlass
Hawse pipes are to be of steel and of ample size and strength; they
are to have full rounded flanges and the least possible lead, in order
to minimize the nip on the cables; they are to be securely attached
SECTION 28 4 Equipment
to thick doubling or insert plates. When in position they are to be
thoroughly tested for watertightness by means of a hose in which
the water pressure is not to be less than 2.1 kg/cm2 (30 psi). Hawse
pipes for stockless anchors are to provide ample clearances; the
anchors are to be shipped and unshipped so that the Surveyor may
be satisfied that there is no risk of the anchor jamming in the hawse
pipe.
SECTION 28 5 Equipment
TABLE 28.1
Equipment for Self-propelled
Ocean-going Vessels
Metric Units
Chain Cable
Stud Link Bower Chain
Stockless
Bower Diameter
Anchors
Extra
Equip- Equip- Weight Normal- High- High-
rnent ment per Strength Strength Strength
Nu- Num- Num- Anchor Length Steel Steel Steel
meral ber ber kg m mm mm mm
UA1 30 2 75 192.5 12.5
U A2 40 2 100 192.5 115
U A3 50 2 120 192.5 12.5
UA4 60 2 140 192.5 12.5
U A5 70 2 160 220.0 14.0 123
UA6 80 2 180 220.0 14.0 12.5
U A7 90 2 210 220.0 16.0 14.0
UA8 100 2 240 220.0 16.0 14.0
U A9 110 2 270 2473 17.5 16.0
UA10 120 2 300 247.5 17.5 16.0
UAll 130 2 340 275.0 19.0 16.0
UA12 140 2 390 275.0 20.5 17.5
U6 150 2 480 275.0 22.0 19.0
U7 175 2 570 302.5 24.0 20.5
U8 205 2 660 302.5 26.0 22.0
U9 240 2 780 330.0 28.0 24.0
U10 280 2 900 357.5 30.0 26.0
U 11 320 2 1020 357.5 32.0 28.0
U12 360 2 1140 385.0 34.0 30.0
1513 400 2 1290 385.0 36.0 32.0
U14 450 2 1440 412.5 38.0 34.0
U15 500 2 1590 412.5 40.0 34.0
U16 550 2 1740 440.0 42.0 36.0
U17 600 2 1920 440.0 44.0 38.0
U18 660 2 2100 440.0 46.0 40.0
U19 720 3 2280 467.5 48 42
U20 780 3 2460 467.5 50 44
U21 840 3 2640 467.5 52 46 40
U22 910 3 2850 495 54 48 42
U23 980 3 3060 495 56 50 44
U24 1060 3 3300 495 58 50 46
U25 1140 3 3540 552.5 60 52 46
U26 1220 3 3780 522.5 62 54 48
U27 1300 3 4050 522.5 64 56 50
U28 1390 3 4320 550 66 58 50
SECTION 28 6 Equipment
TABLE 28.1 (continued)
Metric Units
Chain Cable
Stud Link Bower Chain
Stockless
Bower Diameter
Anchors
Extra
Equip- Equip- Weight Normal- High- High-
merit ment per Strength Strength Strength
Nu- Num- Num- Anchor Length Steel Steel Steel
meral be?' her kg m mm mm mm
U29 1480 3 4590 550 68 60 52
U30 1570 3 4890 550 70 62 54
U31 1670 3 5250 577.5 73 64 56
U32 1790 3 5610 577.5 76 66 58
U33 1930 3 6000 577,5 78 68 60
U34 2080 3 6450 605 81 70 62
U35 2230 3 6900 605 84 73 64
U36 2380 3 7350 605 87 76 66
U37 2530 3 7800 632.5 90 78 68
U38 2700 3 8300 632.5 92 81 70
U39 2870 3 8700 632.5 95 84 73
U40 3040 3 9300 660 97 84 76
U41 3210 3 9900 660 100 87 78
U42 3400 3 10500 660 102 90 78
U43 3600 3 11100 687.5 105 92 81
SECTION 28 7 Equipment
TABLE 28.1 (continued)
Inch/Pound Units
Chain Cable
Stud Link Bower Chain
Stockless
Bower Diameter
Anchors
Extra
Equip- Equip- Weight Normal- High- High-
merit rrzent per Strength Strength Strength
Nu- Num- Num- Anchor Length Steel Steel Steel
meral bee bar pounds fathoms inches inches inches
UA1 30 2 165 105 1/
UA2 40 2 220 105 1/2
UA3 50 2 265 105 1/2
UA4 60 2 310 105 1/2
UA5 70 2 350 120 9/16 1/2
UA6 80 2 400 120 9/16 %
UA7 90 2 460 120 5/8 9/16
UA8 100 2 530 120 % 3/46
UA9 110 2 595 135 11/16 5/8
UA10 120 2 670 135 11/16 5/8
UAI1 130 2 750 150 3/4
11/16
UA12 140 2 860 150 13A6 11716
U6 150 2 1060 150 7/8 34
U7 175 2 1255 165 1%6 13/46
U8 205 2 1455 165 1 7/s
Chain Cable
Stud Link Bower Chain
Stockless
Bower Diameter
Anchors
Extra
Equip- Equip- Weight Normal- High- High-
ment merit per Strength Strength Strength
Nu- Num- Num- Anchor Length Steel Steel Steel
meral bee ber pounds fathoms inches inches inches
Metric Units
Towline
Wire or Rope Hawsers
Crl CRGt Ca Vt
U29 1480 220 90600 190 22000
U30 1570 220 98000 190 23000
U31 1670 220 104400 190 24000
U32 1790 220 113100 190 25000
U33 1930 220 119100 190 26000
U34 2080 240 128400 5 200 27000
U35 29-0 240 138300 5 200 28000
U36 2380 240 148200 5 200 29000
U37 2530 260 150000 6 200 30000
U38 2700 260 150000 6 200 31000
U39 2870 260 150000 6 200 32000
U40 3040 280 150000 6 200 33000
U41 3210 280 150000 6 200 34000
U42 3400 280 150000 6 200 35000
U43 3600 300 150000 6 200 36000
SECTION 28 13 Equipment
SECTION 30
Welding in Hull Construction
30.1 General
30.1.1 Hull Welding
Welding in aluminum hull construction is to comply with the re-
quirements of this section, unless specially approved otherwise. It
is recommended that appropriate permanent welded markings be
applied to the side shell of welded vessels to indicate the location
of bulkheads for reference. In all instances, welding procedures and
filler metals are to be applied which will produce sound welds that
have strength in accordance with Table 30.1; the chemical composi-
tions of the filler metals are to be generally in accordance with Table
30.2. The selection of filler metals for welding various aluminum
alloys is to be in accordance with Tables 30.3, and 30.4.
30.3.2 Alignment
Means are to be provided for maintaining the parts to be welded
in correct position and alignment during the welding operation. In
general, strong backs or other appliances used for this purpose are
to be arranged so as to allow for expansion and contraction during
production welding. The removal of such items is to be carried out
to the satisfaction of the Surveyor.
30.3.3 Cleanliness
Suitable solvents or mechanical means are to be used to remove oil,
grease, indelible markingsand all other contaminants from the vicin-
ity of all joints prior to welding. In addition, oxide films including
any water stains are to be removed from joint surfaces by mechanical
means, such as a power-driven, clean stainless-steel wire brush, or
by suitable chemical means. Degreasers are not to be used when
the joint is such that the degreaser can collect in crevices such as
Lying surfaces between plate and backing bars or in way of lapped
connections. Fusion welding is not to be performed on anodically
treated aluminum except when the surface oxide is removed from
the joint areas to be welded.
30.3.8 Forming
Cold forming of 5000 series aluminum alloys is to be conducted at
temperatures below 52C (125F), except for the 5454 alloy, where
the maximum temperature may be 149C (300F). When the extent
of cold forming is such that base plate properties are changed beyond
acceptable limits, appropriate reheat or stress relief treatments are
to be used to re-establish acceptable properties. Hot forming of 5000
series aluminum alloys is generally conducted at temperatures be-
tween 260C and 425C (500F and 800F). Hot or cold forming is not
to be performed in structures of any aluminum alloy unless support-
ing data is presented to the Surveyor's satisfaction indicating that
significant deleterious material property changes will not result.
Appropriate temperature control methods are to be used in all hot
forming and stress relieving operations. In hot forming or stress
relieving, exposure of the 5000 series alloys to the 65C (150F) to
200C (400F) temperature range is to be minimized by the use of
appropriate cooling techniques.
30.5.1 Environment
Proper precautions are to be taken to insure that all welding is done
under conditions where the welding site is protected against dele-
terious effects of moisture, wind and severe cold. Paint or oil mist
and other contaminants which tend to cause weld porosity are to
be excluded from the vicinity where welding is in progress.
30.5.2 Preheat
Preheating is not generally required for aluminum alloys. The use
of preheat may be desirable when welding materials of thick cross
section, materials subject to high restraint, and when welding is
performed under high humidity conditions or when the temperature
of the aluminum alloy is below OC (32F). When preheating is used
appropriate production controls are to be used to maintain the speci-
fied temperatures. Preheating temperatures which sensitize an alloy
to corrosion are to be avoided. For the 5000 series alloys it is gener-
ally recommended to avoid prolonged exposure to the 65C to 200C
(150F to 400F) temperature range.
30.5.3 Postheating
Weldments of work hardenable 5000 series aluminum alloys are not
to be postweld heat treated unless the procedures have been specially
approved. Where use of a heat treatable alloy has been approved,
any postweld heat treatment proposed is to be as established in
procedure qualification tests.
30.5.4 Accessibility
Assembly and welding is to be arranged to provide sufficient accessi-
bility to the joint by the welder, the welding equipment, and for
inspection.
30.5.5 Sequence
Welding is to be planned to progress symmetrically so that shrinkage
on both sides of the structure will be equalized. The ends of frames
and stiffeners are to be left unattached to the plating at the sub-
assembly stage for a distance of about 300 mm (12 in.) until connect-
ing welds are made in the intersecting systems of plating, framing
and stiffeners at the erection stage. Welds are not to be carried across
an unwelded joint or beyond an unwelded joint which terminates
at the joint being welded unless especially approved.
30.9.1 General
Fillet welds may be made by an approved manual, semi-automatic
or automatic process. The actual sizes of fillet welds are subject to
approval in each case, and are to be indicated on detail drawings
or on a separate welding schedule. In general, the required size and
spacing of the fillets is to be determined by the thickness of the stem
of the tee or the plate to which it is joined, whichever is the lesser.
Where the opening between members exceeds 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) and
is not greater than 5 mm (%6 in.) the size of the fillets is to be
increased by the amount of the opening. Spacing between plates
forming tee joints is not to exceed 5 mm (%6 in.). Frames, beams,
bulkhead stiffeners, floors and intercoastals, etc., are to have at least
the disposition and sizes of continuous fillet welds as required by
Table 30.5. In general, continuous fillet welds on each side of the
joint are preferred to intermittent welds. Where it is intended to
use intermittent welding, the weld size, length, and spacing are to
be indicated on the drawings submitted for approval. The leg size
of intermittent welds will be specially considered. Crater filling by
back stepping is recommended to provide a sound ending for each
fillet.
30.13.1 General
Filler metals are to be of a type suitable to produce sound welds
that have strength, ductility and corrosion resistant properties com-
parable to the materials being welded. Appropriate precautions are
to be used to prevent any critical property change of filler wire
quality during storage and handling. A list of recommended filler
metals for different alloys is given in Tables 30.3 and 30.4.
30.15.4 Tests
Tests Nos. 1 and 2 are to be carried out for procedures involving
butt welds. Test No. 3 is to be carried out for procedures involving
fillet welds. Unless otherwise specified, the number of specimens is
to be as indicated. The minimum test results required are stated with
the figures:
Test No. 1Reduced Section Tension Test (with reinforcement
removed) (Figure 30.3 or 30.3A). Two specimens made in each position
involved. The test specimens are to meet or exceed the ultimate
tensile strength shown in Table 30.1.
Test No. 2Guided Bend Test (Figure 30.4 or 30.4A). For material
12.5 mm (0.5 in.) thick and under, two face-bend and two root-bend
specimens for each position; for material over 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) thick,
four side-bend specimens for each position involved. The bending jig
and test requirements are indicated in Figure 30.5. Equivalent bend-
ing jigs, such as wrap around bend test fixtures may also be used.
Test No. 3Fillet Weld Test (Figure 30.6)
30.17.1 General
The Surveyor is to be satisfied that the welders and operators are
proficient in the type of work which they are called upon to perform
either through requiring any or all of the tests outlined in the follow-
ing paragraphs or through due consideration of the system of em-
ployment, training, apprenticeship, plant testing, inspection, etc.,
employed.
30.19 Alternates
a_ 4043 4.5-6.0 0.80 0.50 0.30 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.15 Remainder
5 5183 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.50-1.0 4.3-5.2 0.05-0.25 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 Remainder
ca
- 5356 0.40 0.10 0.05-0,20 4.5-5.5 0.05-0.20 0.10 0.60-0.20 0.05 0.15 Remainder
z 2.4-3.0 0.05-0.20 0.25 0.05-0.20 0.05 0.15 Remainder
5554 0.10 0.50-1.0
i 0.50-1.0 4.7-5.5 0.05-0.20 0,25 0.05-0.20 0.05 0.15 Remainder
c 5556 0.10
=
0 The maximum Beryllium content of all filler wires is to be 0.0008%.
.z
U)
-4.
C
C)
....
0
TABLE 30.3
Filler Metals for Welding Aluminum Alloy
Sheet, Plate, and Extrusions
Base
Metal
Alloys 5083 5086 54541 5456 6061
Notes
1 5454 aluminum alloy welded with 5554 filler metal is generally
recommended for service applications above 65C (150F) such as
for smoke stacks and engine room enclosures.
2 5183 or equivalents may be used.
Castings
SG70A, SG706, 357.0 5154, 5454, 6061 5456, 5083, 5086
ASTM AA (Note 1) (Note 2) (Note 3)
Notes
I Filler metal with same analysis as base metal is sometimes used.
2 5183, 5356, 5554, 5556 and 5654 may be used. In some cases they
may provide higher weld ductility and higher weld strength. 5554
is suitable for elevated temperature service.
3 5183, 5356 or 5556 may be used. 4043 may be used for some
applications where filler metal properties are not of primary
concern.
TABLE 30.5
Welding in Hull Construction
Weld Sizes
Millimeters
SingleBottom Floors
To center keelson Note: Con-
nections elsewhere to take
same weld as floors
in double bottom 4.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10 11 12 12.5 13.5
Double-Bottom Floors
To shell in aft peaks of
vessels having high power
and fine form - 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10 10.5 11
N OLL33S
To shell flat of bottom for-
ward (fore-end strengthening)
and in peaks 5.0 5.0 5.5 6,0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 7,5 8.0 8.0 9.0
ii06
To shell elsewhere 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.0
Solid floors to center vertical
L
co
Lesser thickness of
members joined
Not
over
Over
5 to
Over
6.5
Over
8 to
Over
9.5
Over
/./ to
Over
12.5 to
Over
14.5
Over
16 to
Over
17.5
Size and Thickness in Millimeters
Over
19 to
Over
21 to
Over
22.5
Over
24 to
0
5 6.5 to 8 9.5 to 11 12.5 14.5 to 16 17.5 to 19 21 22.5 to 24 25.5
Center Girder
to Nontight to inner-bottom or
center strake in way of en-
5' gine and to shell or bar keel 4.5 4.5 5,0 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10 11 12 12.5 13.5
I
C Nontight to inner-bottom or
center strake clear of engine 4.5 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.0 8.5 9.0 9.5 10 10.5 11
UOIPM1SUO0
To shell elsewhere 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6,5 7,0 7.0 7.5 8.0
Unbracketed to inner
bottom 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.5 11 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5 17
Frathe brackets to frames,
decks and inner bottom 5.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10 10.5 11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16
U04311JISUO0
Bulkheads
Peripheries of swash
bulkheads 5.0 5..,)
5 0r .or 6.0 6.0 6.5 7 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.5 9.0
Peripheries of nontight struc-
tural bulkheads 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 9.0
Peripheries of oiltight or
uo!lon4suo3
watertight bulkheads 4.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10 II 12 12.5 13.5
Stiffeners to deeptank
bulkheads 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7,0 7,5 8.0
Stiffeners to ordinary water-
tight bulkheads and deck-
house fronts 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.0
Stiffeners to nontight
structural bulkheads; stiff-
eners on deckhouse sides
and after ends 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.0
Stiffener brackets to
beams, decks, etc. 5.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10 10.5 11.5 12,5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16
Decks
Peripheries of plat-
form decks and non-
tight flats 4.5 4.5 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 8.5 9.0 10 11 12 12.5
l ZIOE NOU.D3S Peripheries of strength decks
as required by Section 16,
exposed decks, and all
watertight or oiltight decks,
tunnels and flats 4.5 4,5 5.0 6.0 6.0 8.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10 11 12 12.5 13.5
Beams (transverse or
longitudinal) to decks 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.0
Beam knees to beams
co and frames 5.0 5.0 6,0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10 10.5 11,5 12,5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16
-. Hatch coamings to
5
ca exposed decks - 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 8.5 10 11 12 12.5 13.5
5 Transverses or deep beams
to decks in tanks 5.0 5.5 5.5 6.0 6.0 6.5 7.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 8.0 8.5 9.0
Transverses or deep beams
uoRonnsuo3
to decks elsewhere - - 5.0 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 6.5 7.0 7.5 7.5 8.0 8.0 9.0
Foundations
To top plates, shell or
inner bottom for main en-
gines and major auxiliaries 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 9.5 11 11.5 12,5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5 17
To top plates, shell or inner
bottom for boilers and
other auxiliaries 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.0 6.0 6.5 7.5 8.5 9.5 10 11 12 12.5 13.5
SECTION3O122
Welding in Hull
Lesser thickness of Not Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over
members joined Over 6,5 8 to 9.5 11 to 12.5 14.5 16 to 17.5 19 to 21 to 22,5 24 to
Construction
TABLE 30.5
Weld Sizes
Inches
For slab longitudinals the attachment to the plating is to be made by
uo!pnilsuo0 nH
double continuous fillet welds of a leg size which is 0.3 times the thickness
of the thinner plate but need not be greater than 1%2 in.
Size and Thickness in Inches
Lesser thickness of Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over
members famed Not 0.19 0.25 0.32 0.38 0.44 0.50 0.57 0.63 0.69 0.75 0.82 0.88 094
over to to to to to to to to to to to to to
0,19 0.25 0.32 0.38 0.44 0.50 0.57 0.63 0.69 0.75 0.82 0.88 0.94 1.00
Single-Bottom Floors
To center keelson Note:
Connections elsewhere to
take same weld as floors in
17/32
double bottom 3/16 3/16 7/32 1/4 %2 V32 "/32 7/16 9/16 19/32 2132
TABLE 30.5 (continued)
V ZIO E NO1103S
Double-Bottom Floors
To shell in aft peaks of
vessels having high power
and fine form 13
1/4 /4
1 9/32 9/32 11/32
32 "/32 3/8 3/8 /32
32
To shell flat of bottom
forward (fore end strengthen-
ing) and in peaks 11/
732 7/32 j7/32 Y4 9/32 9/32 5/16 5/16 5/16 / 32
/
To shell elsewhere 3/16 3/16 7/32 7/32 7/32 /4
1 1/4 14 9/32 9/32 9/32 5/1.6 5/16
Solid floors to center vertical
keel plate in engine room,
under boiler bearers, wide-
spaced floors with longi-
tudinal frames and in vessels
where length exceeds 500 ft 1/2 21/
3/16 3/16 7/32 %2 11/32 3/8 13 32 7/16 17/32 9/16 19/32
32 /32
Solid floors to-center vertical
keel plate elsewhere, and
open-floor brackets to center
vertical keel 3/16 3/16 732 7/32 732 1/4 1/4 Y4 9/32 . 9/32 5/16 5/16 5/16 11A 2
Solid floors and open-floor
13/
brackets to margin plate 3/16 3/16 7/32 1/4 9/32 11/32 / 32 7116 1/2 17/32 9/16 19/32 21/32
Center Girder
Nontight to inner-bottom or
center strake in way of en-
13/32 21/32
gine and to shell or bar keel 3/16 3/16 7/32 14
1 9/32 "/32 /
7 16 17/32 9/16 13/42
Nontight to inner-bottom or
center strake clear of engine 1/4 11/32 3/ 13/32
7/32 7/32 9/32 9/32 3/46 11/32 7/16 7/16
Intercostal*
Intercostals and continuous
longitudinal girders to shell
on flat of bottom forward
(fore-end strengthening) and
to inner bottom in way of
3/8
engines 7/32 1/4 9/32 9/32 3/46 11/32 1%2 13/32 7/16 7/16
intercostals (corked)
Watertight and oittight
periphery connection of lon-
gitudinal girders in double
bottom 11/32 3/8 13/
3/16 7A 2 %2 / 32 7/t 6 1/2 17/32 9/16 19/32 21
/32
Frames
To shell in aft peaks of ves-
sels having high power and fine
13/
form 'A 'A 9/32 9/32 3/16 11/32 1 /32 % 3/8 /32 7/16 7/16
Ct. Bulkheads
o
0
Peripheries of oiltight or
11/32 13/ 1/2 19/
watertight bulkheads 3/16 3/1 6 7/32 1/4 9/32 / 32 7A 6 1732 9/16 / 32 2 V32
sn
Stiffeners to deep-tank bulk-
heads 3/16 7/32 7/32 7/32 1/4 1/4 1/4 Y4 9/32 9/32 9/32 5/16 5/16
Stiffeners to ordinary
watertight bulkheads and
deckhouse fronts
3/16 7/32 7/32 7/32 1/4 4 1/4 9/32 9/32 9/32 5/16
Decks
Peripheries of plat-
form decks and non-
1/4 7A 6
tight flats 3/16 3/16 7/32 5/16 11/32 13/32 716
U)m TABLE 30.5 (continued)
Size and Thickness in Inches
-4
2 Lesser thickness of Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over Over
members joined Not 0.19 0.25 0.32 0.38 0.44 0,50 0.57 0.63 0.69 0.75 0.82 0.88 0.94
O.)
0 over to to to to to to to to to to to to to
0,19 0.25 0.32 0.38 0.44 0.50 0.57 0.63 0.69 0.75 0.82 0.88 0.94 1.00
Co
Structural Items Double Continuous Fillet Weld Leg Sizes, w
uoprulsuop "H u! Bupam
Decks (cont'd)
Peripheries of strength decks
as required by Section 16,
exposed decks, and all
watertight or oiltight decks,
tunnels and flats 116
3 % 6 7A 2 2/4 9/32 1132 3/8 13/32 7/16 2/2 17/32 %6 1%2 21 32
Foundations
To top plates, shell or inner
bottom for main engines
and major auxiliaries 7/32 7/32 5/16 21/32 23/32 1%2 17/32 9/16 5/8 1/32 11/16
Centerline girder to deck 7/32 1/4 5/16 11/32 3/8 3/8 15/32 1/2 732 9/16 3/8 11/16
Bulkhead webs to plating 7/32 1/4 9/32 11/32 11/32 3/8 7/16 7/16 17/32 19/32 5/8 21/32
To face plates 7/32 1/4 9/32 9/32 5/16 "/32 "/32 3/8 4/8 13/32 7A 6 7/16
Transverses
Bottom transverses to shell 7/32 1/4 5/16 11/32 13/132 7/16 17/3232 9//16 21// 32 11/16 23/32
Side, deck and bulkhead
transverses to plating 7/32 Y4 9/32 11//32 11/32 3/8 7/16 7/16 1/2
17/
/32
19//32 5/8 21/32
/
To face plates 7/32 1/4 1/4 9/32 9/32 5/16 11/32 11/32 3/8 Y8 11/3232 7/16 7/16
TABLE 30.6
Welder Qualification Tests
Position In Which Welding Is To Be Done On Job
Flat, Horizontal
Vertical and Flat and Flat Position
Construction Material Overhead Vertical Only
On material of Test No. Q1 in Test 91 in ver- Test No. 91 in
limited thickness vertical and tical position flat position
19,1 mm (3/4 in.) overhead posi-
or less. See Note 1 tions
On material of un- Test No. Q2 in Test No. Q2 in Test No. Q2 in
limited thickness vertical and hor- vertical posi- flat position
(any thickness) izontal posi- tion
See Note 2 tions
On piping or tub- Test No. Q4 in Test No. Q4 in Test No. 94 in
ing. See Note 3 horizontal and horizontal and horizontal
vertical fixed vertical fixed rolled position
positions positions
For tack welders Test No. Q5 in Test No. Q5 in
vertical and vertical posi-
overhead posi- tion
tions
Notes
1 Where the maximum thickness of material on which a welder may have occa-
sion to work throughout the period governed by a test in indeterminate, the
Surveyor may, if desired, require the welder to qualify under unlimited thick-
ness requirements.
2 Where the maximum plate thickness to be welded is between 19.1 mm (%
and 38.1 mm (11/2 in.) qualification Test No. 92 may, with the permission of
the Surveyor, be conducted on plate of maximum thickness involved.
3 Welding operators qualified under the requirements of Test No. Q4 will be
considered as qualified to make welds governed by Tests Nos. Q1 and Q2.
Welding operators qualified to weld on plate in the vertical position may be
permitted to weld on pipe in the horizontal rolled position.
Discard
. 495mm
Side bend
See (%
Reduced section Figure 30.5
9 5 inm
Side bend T (3/s in.)
250 mrn
(10 in ) min
Side bend
Reduced section
Side bend mirmrommomz.
Discard
.,..
= thickness
of plate
.7
See
Reduced section Figure 30.3
38 mm
Root bend (1% in.)
..-
t- .
mm Face bend
(16 ir1.) min
38 mm
Root bend , (1% in.
38 111M
Face bend (I% in.)
Reduced section
Discard ..
5 max 9.5 mm
(% in.)
Note Edge preparation, welding procedure and postweld heat treatment, if any, are to be the
same as those for the work represented.
Reduced section
Side bend Side bend
section
sec
Side bend
Reduced section
Reduced section
Root bend
Note Edge preparation, welding procedure and postweld heat treatment, if any, are to be the
same as those for the work represented.
230 min
(9 in.)
of tests required
Note Tack weld test plates together and support test assembly so that warping due to welding
does not cause deflection of more than 5 degrees. Should straightening of any test assembly
within this limit be necessary to facilitate making test specimens, the test assembly is to
be straight-ended after cooling and before any postweld heat treatment.
Notes
1 Both faces of weld are to be machined flush with plate.
2 For procedure qualification t is to be representative of thickness welded in production.
3 w = approximately 38 mm (1.5 in.) where t is 25.4 mm (1 in.) or less. w = 25.4 mm (1 in.)
where t is more than 25.4 mm (1 in.).
4 When the capacity of the available testing machine does not permit testing the full thickness
specimen, two or more thinner than full thickness specimens may be prepared by cutting
the full thickness specimen into sections, each of which is to meet the requirements.
Requirement
The tensile strength of each specimen, when it breaks in or adjacent to the weld, is not to be
less than the minimum specified tensile strength as indicated in Table 30.1.
0.1 Weld
III/
Notes
I Both faces of weld are to be machined flush with plate. The minimum amount needed to
obtain plane parallel faces over the 19 mm (3/4 in.) wide reduced section may be machined
at the option of the testing facility.
2 For procedure qualification t is to be representative of thickness welded in production.
3 w = approximately 38 mm (1.5 in.) where t is 25.4 mm (1 in.) or less. w 25.4 mm (1 in.)
where t > 25.4 mm (1 in.). Consideration may be given to reducing w to 19 mm (3/4 in.)
for pipe dia. < 305 mm (12 in.).
4 When the capacity of the available testing machine does not permit testing the full thickness
specimen, two or more thinner than full thickness specimens may be prepared by cutting
the full thickness specimen into sections each of which is to meet the requirements.
Requirements
1 The tensile strength of each specimen, when it breaks in the weld, is not to be less than
the minimum specified tensile strength as indicated in Table 30.1.
2 The tensile strength of each specimen, when it breaks in the base metal and the weld shows
no signs of failure, is not to be less than 95% of the minimum specified tensile strength of
the base material.
PLATE 70 mm PIPE
n 38 mm
(1% in.
A(23/4 in.) minimum R
/ 38 mm
(11/2 in.)
9.5 mm
r==:E==3, 9.5 nun. (3/8 in.)
T (% in.)
150 mm (6 in.) 1- 150 min (6 in.)
For alloy 6061 the thickness of the bend specimen may be reduced to 3 mm (/8 in.)
FIGURE 30.4A
Test No. 2 - Guided Bend Test for Side Bend (Plate
or Pipe)
150 Min
(6 in.) min Where t is over 12.5 mm (1/2 in.)
to 38 mm (11/2 w=t
(3/8 in.) . 110 Where t is over 38 mm (Iy, in.)
w = 38 mm (1% in.)
For alloy 6061 the thickness of the bend specimen may be reduced to 3 mm (1/s
Note Both faces of weld to be machined flush with base metal.
19 mm
As required (3/4 in) As required
I
I
50 mm (2 m.) 9 mm (% in.)
Shoulders
9.5 mm hardened and V
(% in) 'eased
6 -1 1.12.5 mm (% in.
t 171 mm mm
(63/4 in.) (3/4 in.)
3.2 mm (1/8
19 mm 3t
`
(3/4 in.
96 mm (3% 19 mm
26t
(3/4 in)
Roller
FIGURE 30.5A
Alternative Guided Bend
Test Jig
Notes
1 The dimension t is the thickness of the material.
2 The reduced section is to be parallel within 0.05 mm (0.002 in.) and may have a gradual taper
in width from the ends toward the center with the ends not more than 0.10 mm (0.005 in.)
wider than the center. The ends of the specimens are to be symmetrical with the centerline
of the reduced section within 0.25 mm (0.01 in,).
Bend
here
-41
Notes
For procedure qualifications T and t are to be representative of thicknesses welded in production.
Base and standing web is to be straight and in intimate contact and securely tacked at ends
before fillet-weld is made, to insure maximum restraint.
The test plate may be flame cut into short sections to facilitate breaking open.
Requirements
The fillet is to be the required contour and size, free from undercutting and overlapping. When
broken as indicated, the fractured surface is to be free from cracks, and reasonably free from visible
porosity and lack of root fusion, except that porosity or incomplete fusion at the root corners of
fillets may be acceptable, provided the total length of the incompletely fused areas is less than
approximately 10% of the total length of the weld.
Face bend 38 mm
(1Y2 in.) 150n im
III
(6 it
(318%mrn
i n, )
Root bend
1 II
IIIIII
Discard 29 mm
-1-(11/s in.)
300 mm (12 in.)
Notes
1 Weld is to be made with the maximum size of electrodes that will be used in production
and a maximum interpass temperature of 66C (150F).
2 Machine reinforcement and backing strap flush. Do not remove any undercutting.
3 Machining is to be done transverse to weld.
4 All specimens are to be machined or sawed from plate.
5 Backing strap is to be contiguous with plates.
6 joints welded in the vertical position are to be welded upwards.
7 Welding is to be done from one side only.
8 Bend specimens in Guided Bend Test Jig (Figure 30.5 or 30.5A)
9 1 Face Bend and 1 Root Bend required.
Discard
T E -
in v".37--!
E
a .E.
ir) -....?.0
'-?---
E
38 mm
(11/2 in.)
Notes
1 When welding in the flat and vertical positions of welding, the groove angle is to be 25;
when welding in the horizontal position, the groove angle is to be 35 and the unbeveled
plate is to be located on the top side of the joint.
2 Backing strap is to be contiguous with plates.
3 Each pass of the weld is to be made with the same size of electrodes that will be used in
production and a maximum interpass temperature of 66C (150F).
4 Joints welded in the vertical position are to be welded upwards.
5 Welding is to be done from one side only.
6 Machine reinforcement and backing strap flush. Do not remove any undercutting.
7 All specimens are to be machined or sawed from plate.
8 Machining is to be done transverse to weld.
9 Break edges of specimens to a radius of t/6 maximum.
10 Bend Specimen in Guided Bend Test Jig (Figure 30.5 or 30.5A).
11 2 Side Bends required for plate. 4 Side Bends required for pipe.
150 mm .I.
150 mm 0
300 min
(6 in.) (6 in.)
(12 in.)
See detail
135
0
0
00
00
M acro
specimen 0
(optional)
6 min
(1/4 in.)
9 mm
(0.350 in.) min.
smov
11111111111111115am
all 15
5 mm (3/16
13 mm
(% in.)
25 min
(1 in.)
Use 150 mm (6 in.) piping (min.)
Notes
1 Each pass of the weld is to be made with the same size of electrodes that will be used in
production and a maximum interpass temperature of 66C (150F).
2 Machine reinforcement and backing strap flush. Do not remove any undercutting.
3 Machining is to be done transverse to weld.
4 All specimens are to be machined or sawed from piping.
5 Break edges of bend specimens to a radius of t/6 maximum,
6 Mark top and front of piping to insure proper location of specimens.
7 Remove face-bend specimens from 45 and 225 points, and root-bend specimens from 135
and 315 points as indicated.
8 Welding is to be done from one side only.
9 Bend specimens in Guided Bend Test Jig (Figure 30.5 or 30.5A).
10 2 Root Bends and 2 Face Bends required.
11 For thicknesses over 19.1 mm (% in.), t is to be a minimum of the thickness to be welded
in production.
12 For GTA welding, no backing bar need be employed and root opening may be reduced to
zero.
75 mm
(3 in.)
25 mm
(1 in.)
3 mm (2/8 in.)
9.5 mm
(3/8 in.)
6 mm (Y, in.)
25 mm
(1 in.)
Notes
1 Electrode diameter used is to be representative of that used for tack welding in production.
2 Backing strap is to be contiguous with plates.
3 Joints welded in the vertical position are to be welded upwards.
4 Specimen is to be bent in one piece with backing strap in place and face of weld in tension..
5 Weld fractures are to exhibit no unfused areas on backing strap or sides of groove throughout
length of each tack.
6 For GTA welding, no backing bar need be employed and root opening may be reduced to
zero.
Machinery and boilers which have not been constructed and installed
under the supervision of the Surveyor, but which are submitted for
classification, will be subjected to a special classification survey.
Where found satisfactory and thereafter approved by the Committee,
they will be classed and distinguished in the Record by the symbols
AMS.
31.13 Trial
A final under-way trial is to be made of all machinery, including
the steering gear, anchor windlass and ground tackle, to the satis-
faction of the Surveyor in attendance.
33.1 General
33.3 DC Systems
Batteries generally are not to be grounded to propulsion engines or
related machinery components. Where it is necessary for batteries
to be grounded to the hull, the negative poles are to be connected
to the hull. Batteries for engine starting may be grounded to the
engine.
33.5 AC Systems
34.1 General
35.1 General
35.1.1 Testing and Inspection
a General All materials subject to test and inspection, intended
for use in the construction of the hulls of vessels classed or proposed
for classification, are to be tested by the material producer and
inspected by the Bureau's Surveyor in accordance with the following
requirements or their equivalent. Materials having characteristics
differing from those prescribed herein may be approved upon appli-
cation, due regard being given to established practices in the country
in which the material is produced and the purpose for which the
material is intended, such as the parts for which it is to be used,
the type of vessel and intended service, and the nature of the con-
struction of the vessel. The requirements are based on the customary
U.S. units shown in brackets and the metric units are derived by
conversion from the U.S. units.
b Witnessed Tests All tests are to be conducted in the presence
of the Surveyors at the place of manufacture prior to shipping.
c Rejection of Previously Accepted Material In the event of any
material proving unsatisfactory in the process of being worked, it
shall be rejected, notwithstanding any previous certificate of satis-
factory testing.
d Calibrated Testing Machines The Surveyor is to satisfy himself
that the testing machines are maintained in a satisfactory and accu-
rate condition and are to keep a record of the dates and by whom
the machines were rechecked and calibrated.
35.1.2 Defects
All materials are to be free from cracks, injurious surface flaws,
lamination or similar defects. Welding or dressing for the purpose
of remedying defects is not permitted unless and until sanctioned
by the Surveyor. Discoloration characteristic of proper solution heat
treatment is not cause for rejection.
35.3.1 General
The latest issue of the following test methods or specifications or
then. equivalents are to be used:
a Chemical Analysis ASTM E101 or E227 Methods of Spectro-
clhciiucal Analysis or ASTM E34 Methods of Chemical Analysis of
Aluminum and Aluminum Base Alloys.
b Tension Testing ASTM ES Methods of Tension Testing of
35.5.2 Sampling
A control sample for chemical analysis is to be taken before starting
to pour and one additional sample is to be taken during the pouring
of each group of ingots poured simultaneously from the same source
of molten metal. If not analyzed during pouring samples may be
taken from semi-finished or finished products. When samples are
taken from finished or semi-finished products, one sample is to repre-
sent each 1800 kg (4000 lb), or fraction thereof, of each alloy in a
lot.
35.9.1 General
Tensile properties are to conform to the applicable requirements of
the alloys and tempers listed in Tables 35.3 through 35.9.
35.9.4 Retests
a No Test If the percentage elongation of a tension test specimen
is less than that specified, and if any part of the fracture is outside
of the middle half of the gauge length or in a punched or scribed
mark within the reduced section, another test specimen may be
selected.
b Failure to Meet Requirements If any tension test specimen fails
to conform to the requirements, two additional specimens are to be
selected from other products in the lot and tested. If either of these
specimens fails to conform to the applicable requirements, the mate-
rial is to be rejected. If, however, the failure of the specimen to
conform with the requirements is the result of an inadequate thermal
treatment, the material may be reannealed or reheat treated, as
applicable. Only one such retreatment of the material is to be
permitted.
35.11.1 Scope
The following requirements cover non-heat-treatable and heat-
treatable aluminum alloys for sheet and plate intended to be used
FIGURE 35.2
Standard Round Tension Test Specimen with 50 mm
(2 in.) Gauge Length.
Reduced section
60 mm (2.2.5 in.)
12.5 mm 0.25 mm Radius 10 mm
(0.500 in. Lt.- 0.010 in.) (0.375 in.) min.
35.15 Forgings
35.15.1 Scope
The following requirements cover non-heat-treatable and heat-
treatable aluminum alloy die and hand forgings intended to be used
in hull construction. The material covered is in substantial agreement
with ASTM Designation B247. Forgings differing in chemical com-
position, mechanical properties or heat treatment will be specially
considered.
35.15.4 Inspection
The forgings are to be inspected by the Surveyor after final heat
treatment, where applicable, to insure that the forgings are free from
injurious defects.
35.17 Castings
35.17.1 Scope
The following requirements cover aluminum alloy castings for use
in hull construction. The material covered is in substantial agreement
with alloys SG70A and SC7013 of ASTM Designations 826 and 13108
(Aluminum Association alloys 356.0 and A356.0) and AA357.0 of the
Aluminum Association. Except in cases specifically approved other-
wise, all aluminum castings are to be furnished in the heat treated
condition. Castings differing in chemical composition, mechanical
properties or heat treatment from those covered herein will be
specially considered.
35.17.4 Inspection
The castings are to be inspected by the Surveyor after final heat
treatment and thorough cleaning to insure that the castings are free
from injurious defects.
35.19 Rivets
35.19.1 General
Non-heat-treatable and heat-treatable aluminum alloy cold heading
rod and wire for use in manufacturing rivets should be in agreement
with a specification equivalent to ASTM Designation B316. Material
differing from ASTM 13316 in chemical composition, mechanical
properties or heat-treatment may be specially considered.
TABLE 35.1
Chemical Composition Limits of Wrought Aluminum Alloys
0 1. 19 E
Alloy Silicon Iron Iron Copper Manganese Magnesium Chromium Zinc Titanium Each Thtal Aluminum
5052 0.45 0.10 0.10 2.2-2.8 0.15-0.35 0.10 0.05 0.15 Remainder
5083 0.40 0.40 0.10 0.40-1.0 4.0-4.9 0.05-0.25 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 Remainder
5086 0.40 0.50 0.10 0.20-0.7 3.5-4.5 0.05-0.25 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 Remainder
5454 0.48 0.10 0.50-1.0 2.4-3.0 0.05-0.20 015 0.20 0.05 0.15 Remainder
5456 0.40 0.10 0.50-1.0 4.7-5.5 0.05-0.20 0.25 0.20 0.05 0.15 Remainder
6061 0,40-0.8 0.7 0.15-0.04 0.15 0.8-1.2 0.40-0.35 0.25 0.15 0.05 0.15 Remainder
NOI133S
TABLE 35,2
Chemical Composition Limits of Cast Aluminum Alloys
gE
Alloy Others
ASTM AA Silicon Iron Copper Manganese Magnesium Zinc Titanium Each Total Aluminum
SG70A 356.0 6.5-7.5 0.6 0.25 0.35 0.20-0.40 0.35 0.25 0.05 0,15 Remainder
SC7OB A356.0 6.5-7.5 0.20 0.20 0.10 0.20-0.40 0.10 0.20 0.05 0.15 Remainder
357.0 6.5-7.5 0.15 0.05 0.03 0,45-0,6 0.05 0.2() 0.05 0.15 Remainder
uoprulsuo0
TABLE 35.3
NO1133S
5052-0 3.0- 6.5 (0.114-0249) 17.6 (25.0) 21.8 (31.0) 6.7 ( 9.5) 20
6.6-75.0 (0.250-3.000) 17.6 (25.0) 21.8 (31.0) 6.7 ( 9.5) 18
5052-1432 3.0- 6.5 (0.114-0.249) 21.8 (31,0) 26.7 (38.0) 16.2 (23.0) 9
6.6-12.5 (0.250-0.499) 21.8 (31.0) 26.7 (38.0) 16.2 (23.0) 11
12.6-51.0 (0.500-2.000) 21.8 (31.0) 26.7 (38.0) 16.2 (23.0) 12
5052-1134 3.0- 6.5 (0.114-0.249) 23.9 (34.0) 28.8 (41.0) 18.3 (26.0) 7
6.6-25.0 (0.250-1.000) 23.9 (34.0) 28.2 (41.0) 18.3 (26.0) 10
5052-11112 6.5-12.5 (0.250-0.499) 19.7 (28.0) 11.2 (16.0) 7
12.6-51.0 (0.500-2.000) 17.6 (25.0) 6.7 ( 8.5) 12
51.1-75.0 (2.001-3.000) 17.6 (25.0) 6.7 ( 9.5) 16
5083-0 1.5-38.0 (0.051-1.500) 28,1 (40.0) 35.9 (51.0) 12.7 (18.0) 20.4 (29.0) 16
38.1-76.5 (1.501-3.000) 27.4 (39.0) 35.2 (50.0) 12.0 (17.0) 20.4 (29.0) 16
5083-11112 6.5-38.0 (0.250-1.500) 28.1 (40.0) 12.7 (18.0) 12
38J-76.5 (1.500-3.000) 27.4 (39.0) 12.0 (17.0) 12
5083-H116 4.5-38.0 (0.063-1.500) 30.9 (44.0) 39.4 (56.0) 21.8 (31.0) 30.2 (43.0) 12
5083-H1173 38.1-76.5 (1.501-3.000) 28.8 (41.0) 39.4 (56.0) 20.4 (29.0) 30.2 (43,0) 12
5083-H323 1.5-3. 0 (0.051-0.125) 31.6 (45.0) 38.0 (54.0) 23.9 (34.0) 30.9 (44.0) 8
3.1-6. 5 (0.126-0.249) 31.8 (45.0) 38.0 (54.0) 23.9 (34.0) 30.9 (44.0) 10
5083-H343 1.5-3. 0 (0.051-0.125) 35.2 (50.0) 41.5 (59.0) 27.4(39.0) 34.4 (49.0) 6
3.1- 6.5 (0.126-0.249) 35.2 (50.0) 41.5 (59.0) 27.4 (39.0) 34.4 (49.0) 8
5086-0 1.5- 6.5 (0.051-0.249) 24.6 (35.0) 30.9 (44.0) 9.8 (14.0) 18
6.6-51.0 (0.250-2.000) 24.6 (35.0) 30.9 (44.0) 9.8 (14.0) 16
5086-11112 4.5-12.5 (0.188-0.499) 25.3 (36.0) 12.7 (18.0) 8
12.6-25.5 (0500-1.000) 24.6 (35.0) 11.2 (16.0) 10
25.6-51.0 (1.001-2,000) 24.6 (35.0) 9.8 (14.0) 14
Materials for Hull Construction
5456-11323 1.5- 3.0 (0.051-0.125) 33.7 (48.0) 40.8 (58.0) 25.3 (36.0) 32.3 (46.0) 6
3.1- 6.5 (0.126-0.249) 33.7 (48.0) 40.8 (58.0) 25.3 (36.0) 32.3 (46.0) 8
5456-11343 1.5- 3.0 (0.051-0.125) 37.3 (53.0) 44.3 (63.0) 28.8 (41.0) 35.9 (51.0) 6
3.1- 6.5 (0.126-0.249) 37.3 (53.0) 44.3 (63.0) 28.8 (41.0) 35.9 (51.0) 8
Notes
1 Type of test specimen used depends on thickness of material: see 4 For the corresponding H2 temper, limits for maximum ultimate
35.9.3. tensile strength and minimum yield strength do not apply.
uop.on.nsuoo
TABLE 35.4
Mechanical Property Limits of Heat-Treatable
Sheet and Plate Aluminum Alloys
g L I SE
Minimum Minimum
Minimum Yield Strength Elongation2
Alloy Thickness' Tensile Strength 0.296 Offset in 50 mm (2 in.)
and
Temper Type kg/mm2 (ksi) kg/m/42 (Jul) kg/inni2 (ksi) percent
Notes
1 Type of test specimen used depends on thickness of material; see 4 For stress-relieved tempers, characteristics and properties other than
35.9,3. those specified may differ somewhat from the corresponding charac-
2 Or 4x specimen diameter teristics and properties of material in the basic temper.
3 These properties apply to samples of material in the 0 of F tempers, 5 Upon artificial aging, T451 temper material is to be capable of
which are solution heat treated or solution and precipitation treated developing the mechanical properties applicable to the T651 temper.
by the producer to determine that the material will respond to
proper heat treatment. Properties attained by the user, however,
may be lower than those listed if the material has been formed or
otherwise cold or hot worked, particularly in the annealed temper,
prior to solution heat treatment.
NO1133S
TABLE 35.5
Mechanical Property Limits of Non-Heat-Treatable
Aluminum Alloys for Extruded Bars, Rods, Shapes, and Tubes
gE
5080-0 to 127.5 (5.0) 2065 (32) 27.4 (39.0) 35.9 (51.0) 11.2 (16.0) 14
5083-H111 127.5 (5.0) 2065 (32) 28.1 (40.0) 16.9 (24.0) 12
5083-11112 127.5 (5.0) 2065 (32) 27.4 (39.0) 11.2 (16.0) 12
5086-0 127.5 (5.0) 2065 (32) 24.6 (35.0) 32.3 (46.0) 9.8 (14.0) 14
5086-H111 127.5 (5.0) 2065 (32) 25.3 (36.0) 14.8 (21.0) 12
5086-H112 127.5 (5.0) 2065 (32) 24.6 (35.0) 9.8 (14.0) 12
5456-0 127.5 (5.0) 2065 (32) 28.8 (41.0) 37.3 (53.0) 13.4 (19.0) 14
5456-11111 127.5 (5.0) 2065 (32) 29.5 (42.0) 18.3 (26.0) 12
5456-11112 127.5 (5.0) 2065 (32) 28.8 (41.0) 13.4 (19.0) 12
Notes
1 Type of test specimen used depends on thickness of material; see
35.9.3
2 Or 4x specimen diameter
rn TABLE 35.6
0
-1
0 Mechanical Property Limits of Heat-Treatable
Aluminum Alloys for Extruded Products
0
Mechanical test specimens are taken as detailed in 35.9.3.
Minimum Yield Minimum
uo!on.usuo3 "H IN siepalevg
Notes
1 Type of test specimen used depends on thickness of material; see 4 For stress-relieved tempers characteristics and properties other than
35.9.3. those specified may differ somewhat from the corresponding charac-
2 Or 4x specimen diameter teristics and properties of material in the basic temper.
3 These properties apply to samples of material in the 0 to F tempers 5 Upon artificial aging, T4 and T4511 temper material are to be
which are solution heat treated or solution and precipitation treated capable of developing the mechanical properties applicable to the
by the producer to determine that the material will respond to proper T6 and T6511 tempers respectively.
heat treatment. Properties attained by the user, however, may he
lower than those listed if the material has been formed or otherwise
cold or hot worked, particularly in the annealed temper, prior to
solution heat treatment.
cn TABLE 35.7
oz Mechanical Property Limits of Die Forgings
cia Specimen Axis Not Parallel to
Specimen Axis Parallel to Direction
of Grain Flow Direction of Grain Flow
Minimum Minimum
Materials for H ull Construction
5083-11111 to 100 (4) 29.5 (42.0) 15.5 (22.0) 14 27.4 (39.0) 14.1 (20.0) 12
5083-H112 to 100 (4) 28.1 (40.0) 12.7 (18.0) 16 27.4 (39.0) 11.2 (16.0) 14
5456-1-11121 to 100 (4) 30.9 (44.0) 14.1 (20.0) 16
6061-T6 to 100 (4) 26.7 (38.0) 24.6 (35.0) 72 26.7 (38.0) 24.6 (35.0) 5
Notes
1 Alloy 5456 is not covered in B247-70 but use of such forgings meeting 2 When sample is selected from a test coupon an elongation minimum
these requirements may be considered. of 10% applies.
0
m
0
TABLE 35.8
-4
5 Mechanical Property Limits for Hand Forgings
z
c...)
en Minimum Minimum
Tensile Strength Elongation
Alloy Thickness kg/mm2 (ksi ) in 50 mm (2 in.)
and Axis of Test
Materials forHull Construction
Notes
1 Alloy 5456 is not covered in B247-70 but use of such forgings meeting 2 Requirement applicable to thicknesses of 50 mm (2 in.) and greater.
these requirements may be considered.
OZI 9ENO1133S
TABLE 35.9
Mechanical Property Limits for Aluminum Alloy Castings
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
AA Aluminum Association
Ultimate Minimum.
H Joj. sieyamAj
AA Aluminum Association
ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
CSA Canadian Standards Association
NF Normes Francaises
BS British Standard
UNI Unificazione Nazionale Italiana
JIS Japanese Industrial Standard
ISO International Organization for Standardization
The equivalents are approximate based on the best available information. The actual
specification or standard should be consulted for full information.
'Commercial designations
36.1.1 Notification
The Surveyor is to have access to classed vessels at all reasonable
times. Owners or their representatives are to notify the Surveyor
on all occasions when a vessel can be examined in dry dock or on
a slipway. If at any visit a Surveyor should find occasion to recom-
mend repairs or further examination, intimation is to be made imme-
diately to the Owners or their representatives in order that appro-
priate action may be taken.
36.1.2 Damage
Damage to hull, machinery or equipment, which affects or may affect
seaworthiness or classification, is to be submitted by the owners or
their representatives for examination by the Surveyor. All repairs
found necessary by the Surveyor is to be carried out to his satis-
faction.
36.1.11 Alterations
No structural alterations which affect or may affect seaworthiness,
classification or the assignment of load lines are to be made to the
hull or machinery of a classed vessel unless plans of the proposed
alterations are submitted and approved by the Committee before
the work of alterations is commenced and such work, when ap-
proved, is carried out under the supervision of the Surveyor.
Millimeters
L59 mm reduction in cables 12.7 mm and under 19.0 mm diam.
3.18 mm reduction in cables 19.0 mm and under 31.8 mm diam.
4.76 mm reduction in cables 31.8 mm and under 44.4 mm diam.
6.35 mm reduction in cables 44.4 mm and under 50.8 mm diem.
7.94 mm reduction in cables 50.8 mm and under 63.5 mm diam.
9.52 mm reduction in cables 63.5 mm and under 76.2 mm diam.
11.11 mm reduction in cables 76.2 mm and under 88.9 mm diarn.
Inches
146 in. reduction in cables of 346 in. and under 12/16 in. diam.
/
2/16 in. reduction in cables of 12 16 in. and under 1%6 in. diam.
%6 in. reduction in cables of 1446 in. and under 11%6 in. diam.
4/16 in. reduction in cables of 112/16 in. and under 2 in. diam.
546 in. reduction in cables of 2 and under 29/16 in. diam.
6/16 in. reduction in cables of 2%6 in. and under 3 in. diam.
7/16 in. reduction in cables of 3 in. and under 3%6 in. diam.
See Section 42 of the "Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels."
See Section 41 of the "Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels."
See Section 24 of the "Rules for Building and Classing Steel Vessels."
Upper edge of
S
horizontal line to
pass through center
of diamond
15 in.
W
21 in.
11/2 in. W
siorswor
H 9 in.--a-1H 9
thickness of all lines 1 in.
Note The salt water marks are assigned only to vessels intending to load in salt water
of the St. Lawrence River.
APPENDIX A 1
540 mm
forward of center
of ring
Freeboard to be These measurements
measured from TF to be taken from
75 mm imimmr center of ring to
center of ring to
top of the deck line F top of each line
rrrrmmrii
T
115 mm
S
Upper edge of horizontal
line to pass through the iromorni
center of ring WNA
41..1.111111111111.1
+300 mm--10/
1.230 mm
38 mm 230 mm
450 mm
The center of the ring is to be placed on each side of the vessel at the
middle of the length as defined in the Load Line Regulations. The ring
and lines are to be permanently marked, as by center punch, chisel cut
or bead of weld.
APPENDIX Af 2
Load Line Markings for Ocean-going Vessels
Inches
-0-12 in.7-01
Top of deck line
arrrrrmrmrm
21 in.
forward of center
of ring
Freeboard to be These measurements
measured from TF to be taken from
center of ring to 3 in. center of ring to
top of the deck line F top of each line
T
S
Upper edge of horizontal
line to pass through the
center of ring WNA
Ammemorm
-0-12 in.-4- 9 in.-10 [41- 9
18
The center of the ring is to be placed on each side of the vessel at the
middle of the length as defined in the Load Line Regulations. The ring
and lines are to be permanently marked, as by center punch, chisel cut
or bead of weld.
APPENDIX A13
Tonnage Mark Diagram
For Vessels Operating with Dual Tonnages
Millimeters
TF
grip
p
F
Irrirmo
380 min
540 mm
2000 mm max.
w = Allowance for Fresh Water and Tropical Waters (V" of the Molded Draft to the Tonnage
Mark)
p = Distance from Deck Line to Tonnage Mark
APPENDIX A4
Tonnage Mark Diagram
For Vessels Operating with Dual Tonnages
Inches
TF
smomilmmer
p F
uniummo
15 in.
d 21 in. min.
6 ft-6 in. max.
w = Allowance for Fresh Water and Tropical Waters (i 8 of the Molded Draft to the Tonnage
Mark)
p = Distance from Deck Line to Tonnage Mark
APPENDIX AJ5
Tonnage Mark Diagram
For Vessels Operating with Single Low Tonnage
Millimeters
300 mm
TF
111111111111111111111111
-1-- 540 mm
2000 mm max.
Thickness of all lines 25 mm
When the load line assigning authority certifies that the load line is fixed
at a place determined as though the second deck were the freeboard deck,
the tonnage mark may be placed below the deck less than the minimum
distance derived from the tonnage mark table. In that case the tonnage
mark is to be placed on the level of the uppermost part of the load line
grid. If the tonnage mark is so placed, the additional line for fresh water
and tropical waters is not to be used.
APPENDIX A16
Tonnage Mark Diagram
For Vessels Operating with Single Low Tonnage
Inches
12 in.--Di
TF
moolv
F
15 in. monommi
When the load line assigning authority certifies that the load line is fixed
at a place determined as though the second deck were the freeboard deck,
the tonnage mark may be placed below the deck less than the minimum
distance derived from the tonnage mark table. In that case the tonnage
mark is to be placed on the level of the uppermost part of the load line
grid. If the tonnage mark is so placed, the additional line for fresh water
and tropical waters is not to be used.
APPENDIX A[7
APPENDIX B
Administration and
Technical Committees
Officers
Chairman and Senior Vice President William N. Johnston
President Ralph C. Christensen
Robert T. Young Secretary
Vice Presidents John R. Blackeby
Executive Vice Robert S. Little
President Kenneth D. Morland Treasurer
Charles J. L. Schaefer Kurt Molter N. Herbert Mullem
Board of Managers
John V. Banks Joseph Kahn Ward K. Savage, Jr.
Captain Leo V. Berger Adolph B. Kurz Allen E. Schumacher
Richard W. Berry Costas M. Lemos Spyros S. Skouras
Christian F. Beukema George P. Livanos Leland A. Smith
George H. Blohm Harold R. Logan Thomas J. Smith
John M. Carras Daniel K. Ludwig C. Y. Tung
Adam E. Cornelius, Jr. Joseph T. Lykes,r. John M. Will
Jack R. Dant Charles M. Lynch
David A. Floreen M. R. McEvoy Commandant,
Lawrence C. Ford john J. McMullen U.S. Coast Guard
Worth B. Fowler William T. Moore R. Adm. Owen W. Siler
Andrew E. Gibson Edmond J. Moran
John T. Gilbride Robert A. Murphy Assistant Secretary of
Basil P. Goulandris Erling D. Naess Commerce for
R. S. Haddow Andrew Neilson Maritime Affairs
G. C. Halstead Stavros S. Niarchos Robert J. Blackwell
Edward J. Heine Y. K. Pao
J. J. Henry John B. Ricker, Jr.
APPENDIX B
The Technical Committee
Stratis G. Andreadis L. A. Harlander John F. Nace
Nicholas Bachko Edwin A. Hartzman John J. Nachtsheim
R. Adm. Wm. Benkert Ludwig C. Hoffman Capt. Jack A.
A. P. Bliek Hudig Obermeyer
Thomas M. Buermann Francis J. Joyce C. R. Schaeffner
Pietro Campanella George R. Knight, Jr. Enrique de Sendagorta
G. T. R. Campbell John B. Letherbury R. Adm. Halert C.
Gordon W. Colberg A. M. Lissenden Shepheard
Richard B. Couch Pierre Loygue Andrew G. Spyrou
Joseph J. Cuneo Douglas C. MacMillan R. J. Taylor
Hollinshead De Luce William S. Martin A. K. L. Ugland
Hugh C. Downer Robert H. Miller Manfred Volger
M. G. Forrest W. F. Muir Charles J. Whitestone
R. Adm. R. C. Goodling R. Adm. Charles P. Masao Yoshiki
David A. Groh Murphy Charles Zeien
Committee on Engineering
Pierre Borqeaud Robert P. Giblon James R. MacMorran
Wallace B. Brian Cdr. Charles B. Glass Hugh F. Munroe
R. F. Brunner Harrison R. Glennon, Jr. Wiliam O. Nichols
Barton B. Cook, Jr. Howard M. Hardy Eugene Panagopulos
W. W. Dedman Maurice R. Hauschildt E. C. Rohde
John M. Dempsey, Jr. R. E. Kennemer David H. Specht
James P. Doyle Michael Kin E. V. Stewart
William C. Freeman W. C. Lafferty Leonard P. tick
T. E. Gerber C. L. Long
APPENDIX B2
Western Rivers Technical Committee
John Buursema George L. Grunthaner Ira J. Singleton, jr.
Reid S. Byers Kent E. Hoffmeister L. J. Sullivan
Craig T. Capp George P. Hogg William H. Swiggart, III
Donald P. Courtsal R. B. Nissley W, T. Toutant
William A. Creelman, Jr. John W. Oehler Allen Zang
Robert L. Gray Robert J. Patrick
APPENDIX B3
French Technical Committee
Jean Alleaume oseph Lubrano
Honorary Chairman
Pierre Loygue Francois Arnaud
Marcel Berre
JGilles-E.
oger Mane
Merlin
Chairman Benjamin L. Bonnefoi Pierre Sartral
Jean Barnaud Jean Coune Pierre Sartre
Jean d'Huart Martin Stehlin
Andre Detrie Maurice Terrin
Vice Chairman A. Galani Patrice Vieljeux
B. L. Bonnefoi Andy Gilles
Jacques Leclerc
Vincent Albiach Lucien Lefol
APPENDIX BJ4
Italian Technical Committee
Chairman Filippo Cameli Edgardo De Vito
Pietro Campanella Giuseppe Carnevale Rinaldo Gastaldi
Duilio Colombo Paolo Gerolimich
Vice Chairman Rinaldo Corrado Aldo Grimaldi
Francesco Ferraro Gaetano Cortesi Alberto Guglielmotti
Emanuele Cosseto Ercole Lauro
Luigi Atzori Arturo Costa Giuseppe Ravano
Giorgio Beltrami Luigi Croce Vincenzo Ventafridda
APPENDIX B 5
Special Committee on Electrical Engineering
Albert L. Bossier, Jr. F. W. Haltenhoff S. Owens
T. P. Campbell A. LeBrun Lt. John W. Reiter
J. Lamar Cochran G. McGowan Frank A. Shean
Harold Datio Burr Melvin Thomas Stitt
Samuel T. Demro E. C. Mericas
Leonard A. Dommin Richard Meyer
APPENDIX B6
Special Committee on Submersible Vehicles
William Berkowitz Nathan Friedland Jacques Piccard
Warren E. Bonn John A. Gruver John A. Pritzlaff
W. Robert Bryant Capt. S. E. Hopkins W. 0. Rainnie, Jr.
LCDR Ian S. John T. Horton J. E. Sinclair
Cruickshank Alexander Julian Capt. D. L. Soracco
Scott C. Daubin Charles G. Kosonen Alain Thibaudeau
Capt. R. J. Dzikowski Edwin A. Link W. C. Walsh, Jr.
J. H. Evans E. I. Mohl Wiliam Watson
Gosta Fahlrna.n Cdr. Robert F. Nevin
Panel on Gears
E. T. Bergquist W. S. Richardson F. A. Thoma
Fred Griffin F. 3. Schlobohm
K. Kasschau Thomas W. Steele
APPENDIX B7
APPENDIX C
Bureau Offices
The American Bureau of Shipping has offices throughout the world.
APPENDIX C
HOLLAND LIBERIA Szczecin
Groningen' Monrovia' Sosnowiec*
Rotterdam
LIBYA PORTUGAL
HONG KONG Tripoli* Lisbon
Oporto and Leixoes'
ICELAND MALTA
Reykjavik' Valletta' RUMANIA
Braila'
INDIA MARIANA ISLANDS Galatz
Bombay Guam'
Calcutta SAUDI ARABIA
Cochin' MAURITIUS Jeddah
Madras Port Louis'
Morrnugao, Goa' SENEGAL
Visakhapatnam' MEXICO Dakar'
Mexico City
INDONESIA SIERRE LEONE
Jakarta MOROCCO WEST AFRICA
Casablanca' Freetown'
IRAN
Tehran MOZAMBIQUE
SINGAPORE, REPUBLIC OF
Beira'
IRELAND Lourenco Marques'
SOUTH AFRICA
Dublin'
Cape Town
NEW ZEALAND
Durban
ISRAEL Auckland
Johannesburg'
Haifa' Dunedin'
Port Elizabeth'
Lyttelton'
ITALY
SOUTH VIETNAM
Genoa NIGERIA
Saigon'
Naples Apapa'
Palermo
Trieste NORWAY SPAIN
Venice Barcelona
Bergen'
Bilbao
Oslo'
IVORY COAST Stavanger' Cadiz
WEST AFRICA El Ferrol
Abidjan' Gijon
PAKISTAN
Madrid
Karachi
JAPAN Santander
Kobe PANAMA Valencia
Kure Balboa Vigo
Nagasaki
Nagoya PAPUA, NEW GUINEA SRI LANKA, REPUBLIC OF
Tokyo Port Moresby' Colombo'
Yokohama
PARAGUAY SURINAM
KENYA, EAST AFRICA Asuncion' Paramaribo'
Mombasa'
PERU SWEDEN
KOREA Callao Gothenburg
Pusan Hjarnaro'
Seoul PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Lulea'
Cebu' Orebro'
KUWAIT, ARABIAN GULF Manila Stockholm
APPENDIX C 2
TAHITI ISLAND Galveston URUGUAY
Papeete" Harrisburg Montevideo'
Honolulu
THAILAND Houston
Jacksonville VENEZUELA
Bangkok'
Jeffersonville Caracas
Los Angeles Puerto On
TURIC.EY Miami
Istanbul Milwaukee
Mobile WEST INDIES ISLANDS
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Nashville Christ Church, Barbados
Dubai New Orleans Curacao, N. A.
Newport News Guadeloupe, Martinique'
UNITED STATES New York Kingston, Jamaica'
Baltimore Pascagoula Port of Spain, Trinidad'
Beaumont Philadelphia San Juan,
Boston Pittsburgh Puerto Rico
Brownsville Portland Santo Domingo,
Buffalo St. Louis Dominican Rep.'
Charleston San Francisco St. Thomas,
Chicago Savannah Virgin Islands'
Cleveland Seattle
Corpus Christi Sturgeon Bay
Decatur Tampa YUGOSLAVIA
Duluth Toledo Split
APPENDIX C13
APPENDIX D
Publications
Record of the American Bureau of Shi Rules for Building and Classing Bulk Car-
ping riers for Service on the Great Lakes (1966)
Annual subscription with semi-monthly $2.00
Supplements
$125.00 Rules for Building and Classing Single
Point Moorings (1975)
Rules for Building and Classing Steel Ves- $7.50
sels
(English Language Edition) (Annual) Guide for the Classification of Nuclear
$15.00 Ships (1962)
$1.00
Greek Language Edition (1973)
$16.00 Requirements for the Certification of Self-
Unloading Cargo Gear on Great Lakes
German Language Edition (1973) Vessels (1974)
$16.00 $1.50
APPENDIX D1
Rules for Nondestructive Inspection of Guide for Inert Gas Installations on Ves-
Hull Welds (1975) sels Carrying Oil in Bulk (1973)
$5.00 $.50
,A,PENDIX D12
Index
index
INDEX{
Cathodic Protection 26.13 Openings, Protection of, Section 18
Ceiling and Sparring Section 21 plating, 16.1-16.7
Center Girders 7.3.2 plating, bulk carriers, 23.11
Chain Cables plating, oil carriers, 22.21
and other equipment, Section 28 plating, ore carriers, 23.11
locker construction, 12.5.5 position of, deck openings, 18.3
locker construction, testing, 12.13 Decks Section 16
Chains, 28.1, 28.3 composition, 16.7
steering, 5.11.8, 5.11.9 fork lift trucks, provision for, 16.5.9
Classification Conditions and Symbols platform, 16.5.4
hulls, Section 1 superstructure, 17.1.2
interpretation, 1.17 superstructure, definition, 2.15
machinery, Section 31 Deep Tank Bulkheads
not built under Special Survey, 1.1.5 construction, 13.3
termination of, 1.21 Deep Tanks Section 13
Cleats division for stability, 13.1
hatch, 18.7.8 drainage and air escapes, 13.7
Close ceiling 21.1 plating, 13.3.1
Coamings testing, 13.9
construction, 18.5 tops of, 13.5
height, 18.5.1 Definitions Section 2
ventilator, 20.9.2 breadth, 2.3
coatings, 26.3 bulkhead deck, 2.11
Cofferdams depth, 2.5
oil tanks, 22.5.2 draft, 2.7
Collision Bulkheads 12.5.1 freeboard deck, 2.9
Companionways 18.19.3 length, 2.1
Compensation material factors, 2.19
for deck openings, 16.5.3 material factor Q , 2.19.1
for shell openings, 15.7 material factor , 2.19.2
Composition proportions, 2.1 0
for decks, 16.7 strength deck, 2.13
Conditions of Classification superstructure deck, 2.15
hull and equipment, Section 1 Depth of Vessels
Conditions of Classification of definition, 2.5
Machinery Section 31 Distribution, Electric
Corrosion and Coatings for Corrosion see Electrical Equipment
Control Section 26 Double Bottoms 7.3
coatings, 26.3 air and drainage holes, 7.19
cathodic protection, 26.13 bulk carriers, 23.13
corrosion in wet places, 26.9 drainage, 7.15
elevated temperatures, 26.11 extent, 7.3.1
Paying surfaces, 26.5, 26.7 manholes and lightening holes, 7.17
general, 26.3 open floors, 7.3.8
stray currents, 26.15 ore carriers, 23.13
Corrosion Control 3.3.2, 26.9 plating, 7.5.1
Covers side girders, 7.9
hatchway, 18.7, 18.9 tank-end floors, 7.3.6
testing, 7.21
wells, 7.15
Draft
Deck definition, 2.7
beams 10.1-10.9 Drainage and Air Escapes
beams, hatch-end, 11.13 deep tank tops, 13.7
compensation at openings, 16.5.3 double bottoms, 7.15-7.19
frames, 16.1.2 Drain Wells in Double Bottom 7.15
Girders and Stanchions, Section 11 Drydocking
girders clear of tanks, 11.7 after launching, 3.9
girders in tanks, 11.9 at Special Survey No. 1, 36.7.1
houses, 17.9 Survey, 36.1.13
IN DEX12
Electric Arc Welding see Welding hold, 8.5
Electrical Equipment Section 33 longitudinal, 7.3.12
batteries, 33.3 machinery space, 8.13
cathodic protection, 33.9 open floor, 7.3.8
circuits, a-c, 33.5 panting, 8.5.4
circuits, d-c, 33.3 single bottom floor, 7.1.3
distribution systems, 33.3, 33.5 spacing, 8.3
general, 33.1 'tween deck, 8.11
hull return prohibited, 33.1 web, 9.3
shore power, 33.7 Freeboard Deck
End Bulkheads 17.3 definition, 2.9
Engine and Boiler Casings 18.17 Freeing Ports and Gangway Ports
Engine Foundations 19.3 20.3, 20.5
Equipment Required Section 28
anchor types, 28.13
general, 28.1 Gangway Ports 20.5
hawse pipes, 28.19 Gaugings
ocean-going vessels, Table 28.1 hull, 36.7.3, 36.7.4
ocean-going tugs, Table 28.2 General Section 3
size, 28.3 Girders
tests, 28.11 center double bottom, 7.3.2
weight, 28.3 deck, 11.5-11.11
windlass, 28.17 deep tank, 13.3.3
Equivalent Sections 3.9 hatch side, 11.11
Exposed Hatchways 18.5 side double bottom, 7.9
Extent of Midship Scantlings 3.3.1 watertight bulkheads, 12.7.4
Governmental Authority Regulations
1.25, 31.17
Factors, Material 2.19
Grounds
Fees electrical, 33.1, 33.3
for plan approval, 1.13 Guard Rails 20.1
survey, 1.11
Fire Extinguishing Systems 32.1
general, 39.1, 39.29 Hatch
Floors 7.1.3-7.3.8 beams, 18.7.4
double bottom, 7.3.5-7.3.8 cleats, 18.7.8
single bottom, 7.1 covers, aluminum-alloy 18.7.3
tank end, 7.3.6 covers, pontoon, 18.7.5
Forecastle covers, wood, 18.7.2
special reinforcing, 17.11 tarpaulins, 18.7.11
Fore End Strengthening 7.11 Hatch-end Beams 11.13
Fore Peak Hatch Side Girders 11.11
bulkhead (collision), 12.5.1 Hatchway Covers 18.7, 18.9
framing, 8.7 Hatchways
panting arrangements, 8.5.7 exposed, 18.5-18.7
testing, 12.13 portable cover closures, 18.7
Forgings protected, 18.11
hull, 35.15 Hawse Pipes 28.19
Fork Lift Trucks 16.5.9 Hawsers
Foundations Tables 28.2 and 28.3
boiler, 19.5 Heel Plates
engine, 19.3 on stern frames, 15.5.4
thrust and auxiliary, 19.7, 19.9 Hold
Frames Section 8 bulkheads, 12.5.4
after peak, 8.9 frame brackets, 7.7
brackets to inner bottom, 7.7 frames, 8.5
bulk carriers, 23.13.3, 23.15 Houses
double bottom, 7.3.9 deck, 17.9
fore end strengthening, 7.11 Hull Girder Strength
fore peak, 8.7 bulk carriers, 23.5
general, 8.1 decks, 16.3
INDEX 3
Hull Girder Strength Material Factors for Aluminum Alloys
longitudinal, 6.3 2.19
oil carriers, 22.17 Materials, Hull Section 35
ore carriers, 23.5 bars, 35.13
castings, 35.17
Internal Combustion Engines Section 32 chemical composition, 35.5
Keels Section 4 forgings, 35.15
plate, 4.1 general, 35.1
Keelsons heat treatment, 35.7
rivets, 35.19
center, 7.1.1
rods, 35.13
side, 7.1.2 shapes, 35.13
Length sheet and plate, 35.11
standard test methods, 35.3
definition, 2.1 tensile properties, 35.9
Loading Conditions
tubular products, 35.13
general, 1.21
manual, bulk carriers, 23.7.3 Materials Requiring Test and Inspection
hull, 3.1
manual, oil carriers, 22.1.6
manual, ore carriers, 23.7.3
Longitudinal framing Novel Design Features
beams, 10.3, 10.9 hull, 1.5
bottom and inner bottom, 7.3.11, 7.3.12 machinery, 31.7
center girder, 7.3.3
decks, 16.3.3 Oil Carriers, Bulk, Section 22
deck transverses, 11.7.2 arrangement, 22.5
floors, 7.3.5 beams, 22.29
fore-end strengthening, 7.11 bending moments, 22.17.2
hold frame brackets, 7.7 bulkhead plating, 22.23
struts, 7.3.10 cargo pumping system, 32.1
Longitudinal Strength Section 6 cofferdams, 22.5.2
effective strength decks, 6.7 deck plating, 22.21
general, 6.1 frames, 22.29
loading manual, 6.11 general requirements, 22.1
longitudinal hull girder strength, 6.3 hull girder strength, 22.17
still-water bending moment, 6.9 long tanks, 22.25
strength decks, 6.5 machinery spaces, 22.15
structures inboard of lines of openings, minimum scantlings, 22.19.1
6.13 scantlings beyond cargo space 22.31
Longitudinally-framed Tankers special requirements for deep loading,
Section 22 22.3
special requirements if carrying fuel oil,
Machinery Components Section 32 22.1.1
Machinery stiffening-frames, beams, bulkheads,
casings, 18.17 22.29
plans submitted, 31.5 structure at ends, 22.31
space bulkheads, 12.5.3 testing, 22.13
Machinery Space and Tunnel ventilation, 22.7
Section 19 webs, girders, transverses, 22.27
auxiliary foundations, 19.9 Open Floors 7.3.8
boiler foundations, 19.5 Openings
engine foundations, 19.3 cargo oil tank, 22.5.6
shaft stools, 19.9 compensation for deck, 16.5.3
tunnels and tunnel recesses, 19.11 compensation for shell, 15.9
Manholes and Other Openings in superstructure bulkheads, 17.5.1
in center girders, 7.3.2 Ore Carriers, Bulk, Section 23
in double bottoms, 7.17 deck plating, 23.11
Margin Plate 7.5.4 general requirements, 23.1
Masts inner bottom longitudinals, 23.13.4
openings for, 18.21 scantlings, 23.1.4
INDEXI4
Ore Carriers, Bulk, Section 23 Safety of Life at Sea 1960 1.27
shell plating, 23.7 Scantlings 3.3
special requirements for deep loading, bulk carriers, 23.14
23.2 oil carriers, 22.19-22.31
transverses, 23.13.2, 23. 13.8 ore carriers, 23.14
Scuttles
Panting, Webs, and Stringers 8.5.7 flush, 18.19.1
Pillars 11.1, 11.3 Sea Chests
Pipe Tunnels structural, 7.13
in double bottoms, 7.3.4 Shaft Stools 19.9
Piping Systems, Shaft Tunnels and Recesses 19.11
construction and installation, 34.2 Shell Plating Section 15
fire protection, 32.1 amidships, 15.3
general, 34.1 at breaks, 15.11
special requirements, 34.1 bulk carriers, 23.7
Plan Approval compensation for openings, 15.7
fees, 1.15 ends, 15.5
Plans fore end below water, 15.5.2
submission of, 1.11 oil carriers, 22.19
Plans and Data Required for Approval ore carriers, 23.7
hulls, 1.11 sheer strake, 22.19.2
machinery, general, 31.5 Shipboard Automatic and Remote
welding, 30.1 Control Systems 32.1
Plates Side Girders
and shapes, hull, 35.13 bottom structure, 7.9
Plate Keels 4.1 Side Stringers and Web Frames
Plate Stems 4.3.1 Section 9
Platform Decks 16.5.4 Single Bottom Floors 7.1.3
Poop Front Bulkhead 17.3 Sluice Valves and Cocks 12.11
Portlights Slop Tanks 23.2.5
in side plating, 20.7 SOLAS 1960 1.27
superstructure bulkheads, 17.5.4 Solid Floors 7.3.5
Ports Sparring and Ceiling Section 21
cargo, fueling and gangway, 20.5 Stanchions and Pillars 11.1-11.3
freeing, 20.3 attachments, 11.3.7
pump room bulkhead, 22.5.3 under deep tanks, 11.3.5
Proportion of Hulls 2.17, 22.1.2 Steering Gear 5.11
Protection of Deck Openings auxiliary, 5.11.5
Section 18 Stems 4.3
Pump Room Stern Frames 4.5, 4.7
arrangement, 22.5 Sternposts 4.5
ventilation, 22.7 Stiffeners
bulkhead deep tank, 13.3.2
Quadrants 5.11.8 bulkhead, watertight, 12.7.2
Quarter Decks on double bottom floors, 7.3.7
bulkheads on raised, 17.3.3 Strength Bulkheads 12.3
Strength Deck
Reverse Frames definition, 2.13
double bottom, 7.3.8a Strengthening
workmanship, 3.5 at breaks, 17.1.4
Rivets fore-end, 7.11
hull, 35.19 Stringer Plates
Rudders Section 5 deck, 16.5.1
balanced, 5.5 side, 9.5
materials, 5.1 Structural Sections 3.9
stops, 5.7 Struts on Open Floors 7.3.10
supporting arrangements, 5.9 Submission of Plans 1.11
Rule Change Superstructure Deck
effective date, 1.31 definition, 2.15
INDEX 5
Superstructures Section 17 Tiers of Beams in Peaks 8.7, 8.9
decks of, 17.L2 Tillers 5.11.8
enclosed, 17.5 Trials
end bulkheads, 17.3 machinery, 31.13
forecastle, 17.11 steering gears, 5.11.15
frames of, 17.1.3 Tunnels and Tunnel Recesses 19.11
open, 17.7 pipe, 7.3.4
openings, 17.5.1 through deep tanks, 19.11.4
portlights, 17.5.4 'Tween Deck Frames 8.11
side plating, 17.1.1
strengthening of breaks, 17.1.4 Ventilation
Survey Fees 1.13 deep tanks, 13.7
Surveys After Construction, Hull double bottoms, 7.19
Section 36 Ventilator Comings 20.9
annual, 36.3 Ventilators 20.9
drydocking, 36.1.13 Watertight
general, 36.1 bulkheads, 12.5
Great Lakes Vessels, 36.21-36.25 doors, 12.9
intermediate, 36.5 Web Frames and Side Stringers
special materials, 36.1.12 Section 9
special periodical, 36.7 side stringers, 9.5
Surveys After Construction, Machinery web frames, 9.3
Section 36 Webs
annual, 36.9 in superstructures, 17.1.3, 22.27
automatic and remote controls, 32.1 Wedges 18.7.9
boilers, 36.15 Welders
electrical equipment, 36.17 qualification, 30.15
examination at shorter intervals, 36.11.6 Welding Section 30
examination during overhaul, 36.11.5 Welding, Hull 30.1-30.17
propeller shafts, 36.13 butt welds, 30.7
refrigeration equipment, 32.1 fillet welds, 30.9
special periodical, 36.11 general, 30.1
Swash Bulkheads 13.1 inspection of welds, 30.5.8
Symbols of Classification lapped joints, 30.9.5
hull, 1.1 plans and specifications, 30.1.2
machinery, 31.1, 31.3 plug welds or slot welds, 30.9.8
preheat, 30.5.2
Tank Top see Double Bottoms preparation for welding, 30.3
Tankers see Oil Carriers production welding, 30.5
Tarpaulins 18.7.11 repair welding, 30.5.10
Termination of Classification 1.21 spacing of welds, Table 30.1
Testing tack welds, 30.3.4
bulk oil carriers, 22.13 tee joints, 30.9.2
chain lockers, 12.13 tests,
deep tanks, 13.9 approval of welding procedures, 30.13
double bottoms, 7.21 qualification
fore peaks, 12.13 tests, 30.15.2
shaft tube compartments, 12.13 workmanship
tunnels, 19.11.5 tests, 30.15.2
watertight bulkheads, 12.13 workmanship and supervision, 30.1.3
watertight, decks, 12.13 Wells
watertight, recesses, 12.13 in double bottoms, 7.15
Tests Windlass 28.17
welded construction, see Welding Workmanship
Thrust Foundations 19.7 general, 3.5
I N D EX I 6