ACTA AVIONICA Volume XV (2013), Number 27

GAS TURBINE DISC STRESS CALCULATION

Vladimr Matvija Stanislav Fbry

Safety running of the aircraft gas turbine engine is based on rotor components reliability. One of the key engine components is the rotating
disc of the compressor or turbine. There are some calculation methods of disc stress. In the paper the method of final differences of disc dimensions
for stresses calculation in radial and tangential direction was applied.

1 INTRODUCTION
dy dr dr
Damage of aircraft gas turbine engine rotor in d r r t 2 r dr
running, means a stoppage of the engine and subsequently y r r
an aircraft power plant failure. For the reason of safety, dE dr dr dy dE
d t t r
E
the probability of rotor failure must be kept to minimum
and therefore at work there must be paid enhanced E r r y
attention to the calculation of the gas turbine rotor disk
2 r 2 d E t
dr
tenseness. Factors which have a cardinal impact on the
r
disk tenseness are being analyzed in the introductory part.
The next part is analyzing the current state, also Differentials in these equations can be replaced
describing the methods of the disk tenseness calculations. by final differences of disk dimensions quantities, as it is
Since there exist various methods in the area of elastic stated in Figure 1.
deformations, the calculation in this work is done by
method of final differences.

2 GENERAL INFORMATION

The rotor disk belongs to the most stressed parts.

It is stressed by centrifugal forces which rise during disk
rotation acceleration, as well as from the mass of rotor
blades and, in the final consequence also from thermal
stresses rising during the changes in temperature in front
of the turbine and behind the turbine.

In the paper I have solved calculation of stress of Fig. 1 Division of the disk to the rings with individual
the turbine rotor disk, describing several methods of radiuses due to the calculation by the method of final
differences
calculation and one of them is introduced. This method
was proved at the detailed calculation of full disk by the
use of the Excel program. The calculations have been
performed with optimization, i.e. with repeated selection d dr r r r
r r r r n n n 1
of disk parameters. The goal has been to find the way, n n n 1
how to solve the problem of sufficient safety coefficient
and so to provide full-value materials for study of
purposes at the Faculty of Aeronautics. d dy y y y
t t t t n n n 1
n n n 1
3 METHOD OF FINAL DIFFERENCES

This method enables to determine the disk dE E E E

n n n 1
tenseness of local shape, loaded with centrifugal forces
from the weight together with external loading and

d t t n t n t n 1
thermal stress due to the thermal gradients throughout the
disk radius, by means of particular calculation. At the
same time it enables to include the changes of physical
properties of the disk material throughout its radius in the
calculation. Initial equations for calculation are equations After previous equations modification by
as follows: substitution of these expressions we get:

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ACTA AVIONICA Volume XV (2013), Number 27

y r For the first part of the full disk (rs= ts= 0),
rn rn1 3 n n equations can be stated in the form:
y r
n 1 n 1
r r
r1 0 0 C A 0 B1
1 1 1 1 1
tn1 n 1 2 r 2 n 1
r n 1 r
n 1 n 1
t1 0 0 C M 0 N 1
1 1 1 1 1 1

r r Where:
E y E
tn tn1 1 n n rn1 n 1 n n 2
r E r y E A M
n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
r
2 r 2 n 1 E t n E t n 1 B C N C
n 1 r n n 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
n 1
By analogy, for the second part of the disk there it is
valid:
Due to simplification of calculation, the
designation for constants is being introduced into these
equations: r 2 A 0 B2 t 2 M 0 N 2
2 2

r r y For nth part, it is generally valid:

n
1 3 n n
n r n r y
n 1 n 1 n 1
r E E rn A 0 Bn tn M 0 N n
n n
1 n n n
n r E E n
n 1 n 1 n 1 Where:

n E t n E
n n 1
t n 1 n n 1 n n 1

A A n M n1 n B B n N C n
n 1 n

M M An1 n
r yn E n n 1 n
1 2
n n

y
N N B C n
n r
n 1 n 1 En 1 n n 1 n n 1 n n n

yn E Where An and Mn are the part constants which

2
n

y

are the function of the disk shape resulting from physical
n
n 1 En 1 properties of its material and they are dimensionless.
Coefficients Bn and Nn are the function of disk
load with centrifugal forces and thermal gradients, their
C 2 r2 parameters are determined in MPa units.
n n 1 As to the full disk, the boundary conditions in the
middle of the disk for r = 0 is r0 = t0 = 0 and the
Consequently equations are simplified to the shape: application from the equation is as follows:

rn tn 1 rn1 C A 0 B A 1 B 0
n n n n r0 0 0 0 0

tn tn 1 rn1 C M 0 N M 1 N 0
n n n n n t0 0 0 0 0

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ACTA AVIONICA Volume XV (2013), Number 27

Because of unknown A0, B0, M0, N0, the values calculation by the use of the table. Based on consistency
A1, B1, M1, N1 are calculated on the radius r1 and on other during gradual recording of calculation algorithm in the
radiuses up to the radius re, where Ae, Be, Me, Ne come table calculator there have been removed the inaccuracies
from equations. in considerations that have been found in used literature.
By means of substitution of particular constants It has to be told that the goal of work has not been
there is calculated the main stress in individual parts as a design proposal of a gas turbine rotor disc, but the
a function of unknown value of the stress 0 in the middle partial strength inspection for fictitious disk and
of the turbine rotor disk. On radius re, there is known the supporting calculations that are being performed during
value of stress re from the centrifugal force of blades and planning and designing of a rotor disc. In the last part of
one part of the disk rim, and it is valid, according to above the diploma thesis is briefly described the course of
equations that re = Ae.0 + Be, where there is possible to calculation. There is presented a simple chart of the disk
determine the unknown value of the stress: calculated as well as resulting coefficients of safety. The
coefficient of safety has been calculated by comparison of
B the calculated reduced stress throughout the disk radius
re e with allowable long-time strength.
0 A
e Since the rotor disk belongs to the most stressed
parts of the engine, the entire calculation has been
By means of substitution of the value 0 into the directed towards achieving the disk as light as possible
expression for stress of individual parts, there is possible with acceptable safety, and it has been aimed to fulfill the
to calculate specific values of the stress throughout the conditions so that the safety coefficient cannot fall below
whole disk radius. For the disk with central hole, the the 1,5 limit.
initial calculating radius is r0, i.e. the radius of the hole. The attached procedure of calculation enables to
For r = r0 will be r0 = 0 and for the disk non-fixed on repeatedly perform individual calculations of the disk
a shaft (practically it is almost always) t0 = 0. The part stress for the needs of engineering study.
constants on the radius r0 will be given from equation 67
as follows:
BIBLIOGRAPHY
0 A 0 B A 0 B 0
r0 0 0 0 0 [1] LINHART, Z. KAMENICK , J. : Konstrukce
leteckch motoru I. st. Brno 1986., Uebnice VAAZ, .
U-781/1. s. 462.
M 0 N M 1 N 0 [2] LINHART, Z. KAMENICK , J. : Konstrukce
t0 0 0 0 0
leteckch motoru II. st. Brno 1989., Uebnice VAAZ,
Further procedure of calculation is consistent . U-781/2. s. 520.
with the calculation of the full disk. The unknown stress
0 is again calculated from boundary conditions on outer
AUTHOR(S) ADDRESS(ES)
disk radius re, or re = Ae.0 + Be and here is valid:
Matvija Vladimr, Eng,, Fbry Stanislav, Eng., PhD.
B Leteck fakulta TUKE
re e Rampov 7, 040 21 Koice
0 t0 A stanislav.fabry@tuke.sk
e
For the disk fixed on a shaft is valid merely the
greatness of constant B0 = -r0. For sufficient accuracy of
calculation it is suitable to choose the number of
calculating sections more than 7, and their density
depends on a nature of the change of gas turbine disk
thickness. For the disk with central hole there is suitable,
close to the hole, to choose thicker division, with regard
to the rapid change in stress t0, t1. It is suitable to
perform the calculation by way of use the table calculator.

4 CONCLUSION

For purpose of adequate accuracy of calculation

it is suitable to choose the number of calculating sections
higher than 7. Their density is dependent upon the nature
of the disk thickness change. It has been performed the

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