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Abstract A
D
I draw the readers attention to machine teaching, the prob- A(D)
lem of finding an optimal training set given a machine learn-
ing algorithm and a target model. In addition to generating
fascinating mathematical questions for computer scientists to
ponder, machine teaching holds the promise of enhancing ed- 1
1
ucation and personnel training. The Socratic dialogue style ( )
aims to stimulate critical thinking.
D
D
Given a training set D D, machine learning returns a
Of Machines model A(D) . Note A in general is many-to-one. Con-
Q: I know machine learning; What is machine teaching? versely, given a target model the inverse function
A1 returns the set of training sets that will result in . Ma-
Consider a student who is a machine learning algo-
chine teaching aims to identify the optimal member among
rithm, for example, a Support Vector Machine (SVM) or
A1 ( ). However, A1 is often challenging to compute,
kmeans clustering. Now consider a teacher who wants the
and may even be empty for some . Machine teaching must
student to learn a target model . For example, can be
handle these issues.
a specific hyperplane in SVM, or the location of the k cen-
troids in kmeans. The teacher knows and the students Q: Isnt machine teaching just active learning / experimental
learning algorithm, and teaches by giving the student train- design?
ing examples. Machine teaching aims to design the optimal No. Recall active learning allows the learner to ask
training set D. questions by selecting items x and asking an ora-
Q: What do you mean by optimal? cle for its label y (Settles 2012). Consider learning a
noiseless threshold classifier in [0, 1], as shown below.
One definition is the cardinality of D: the smaller |D| is,
the better. But there are other definitions as we shall see.
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