MIT International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology, Vol. 5, No. 2, August 2015, pp.

79-82 79
ISSN 2230-7621MIT Publications

Data Encryption through Fibonacci Sequence

and Unicode Characters

Prachi Agarwal Navita Agarwal Richa Saxena

Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Assistant Professor
Department of CS&E Department of CS&E Department of CS&E
MIT, Moradabad, U.P., India MIT, Moradabad, U.P., India MIT, Moradabad, U.P., India
E-mail: reachtoprachi@gmail.com E-mail: nvgrwl06@gmail.com E-mail: richasaxena2006@gmail.com

ABSTRACT
Cryptography enables two persons to exchange a message so that unauthorized persons cannot access the original message.
There are many different ways of performing this exchange, but the method hereby proposed a technique of encoding the
text so that the receiver can retrieve the original message. The contents of original message or the plain text are converted
into the cipher text by searching each character in the message and interchanging it with character based on the Fibonacci
number generated. Further, the cipher text is converted into the Unicode symbols. This helps avoid suspicion from the third
party when data is send through an unsecured communication channel. This proposed method is different as compared to
the traditional security methods.
General Terms: Encryption, Decryption, Key.

or the contents of the plaintext inconceivable. Hash algorithms

I. INTRODUCTION
In current scenario, the major security companies and systems
expend cryptography to channelize information around the
Internet. Some of the encryption process is extremely advanced;
however, even simple encryption techniques can help preserve
the concealment of any information.
The three types of cryptographic strategies generally used to
achieve the cryptographic goals are: secret key or symmetric
cryptography, public-key or asymmetric cryptography and
message digests or the hash functions. The former unencrypted
data is the plain text and is encrypted into cipher text, which is
used to further be decrypted into usable plaintext.
Secret key cryptography uses the same key for encryption as
well as decryption of data. The primary issue with symmetric
key algorithms is the agreement of the sender and the receiver
on a common key. In public-key cryptography, there are two
keys- one for encryption and the other for decryption. It is known
as asymmetric since the users need both keys to complete the
process. In Hash functions fixed-length hash value is calculated
based on the plain text that makes the recovery of both the length
are generally used to allow a digital fingerprint of a files content
to ensure that no modifications are done on the file by an intruder
or virus.
A. Drawbacks of Existing Methods
Transmission time for written documents coded with
public key cryptography is comparatively slower than the
symmetric cryptography.
The size of the key should also be significantly larger
compared to the symmetric cryptography to accomplish
the same degree of protection.
Asymmetric cryptography is quite sensitive to impersona-
tion attacks.
The cipher text obtained from the plain text is further converted
into Unicode symbols. These symbols are transferred to the
receiver in a text file over an unsecured communication channel.
The Unicode encoding standard [1] allows encoding of all the
characters used for all written language of the world. Unicode
encodings are called UTF-n where UTF is the Unicode
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ISSN 2230-7621MIT Publications

Transformation Format and n is the count defining the number

of bits used for encoding. Unicode assigns each character a
unique symbol and value, irrespective of the platform, program Key 1 Key 2
and language used for encryption.

II. RELATED WORKS Plain Cipher Unicode Symbols

A. Joseph Raphael et al. proposed a technique to encode the text
message or the plain text so that the receiver of that message (or
the cipher text) can only find the originally sent message. The
plain text was converted to cipher text with the help of Fibonacci
number. In this, each character of the message was replaced with
another character. Now, the intermediate cipher text generated
was converted to Unicode symbols. These symbols were stored
in a text file and then were transmitted to the recipient. So,
the proposed method firstly converted plain text to cipher text
and then that cipher text was further converted to the Unicode
symbols.
Ahmad Abusukhon et al. [2] proposed a new method for data
encryption. The method was based on the secret key encryption.
The text was firstly encrypted into an image and then that matrix
of pixels was scrambled to make it difficult for the intruders to
guess the original text message. In this paper, a secure way was
proposed so that the attacker would not have the encryption
key required to get the original data from the cipher text. Thus
the hacker was unable to do any modification with the original
plain text.
III. KEY-BASED ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION
PROCESS
Cryptography is a standard to provide secure information by
controlling access to resources. So, encryption of data before
sending it and its successful decyrption at the receipent end is
a major issue.
A. Encryption Method
Encryption is the encoding of the contents of the original data
in such a way that conceals its contents from intuders. The plain
text is converted to the cipher text using a security key. It is done
by obtaining corresponding ASCII values [3] of each character.
These decimal values are then converted into hexadecimal values
to obtain its equivalent Unicode symbols. These symbols are
then saved in a text file.
B. Decryption Method
Decryption of the image is done in the reverse process of
encryption with the use of the two keys. The recipient of the
message (the text file) extracts each symbol and then maps it to
find its equivalent hexadecimal value. After that, the obtained
value is converted to a decimal value to determine the original
plain text using the key. If anyone does not have knowledge
of the key, there will be no suspicion of the existence of any
confidential message in these decimal numbers.
Text Text in Text Files
Unsecured Channel
Plain Cipher Unicode Symbols
Text Text in Text Files
Key2 Key 1
Fig. 1: Encryption and Decryption Process
IV. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY
In this paper a method is proposed in which the original message
called plain text is converted to cipher text using the generated
Fibonacci numbers. Firstly, we extract each character from
the original message and the replace it with another character.
Traditional methods differ from this method because it provides
a unique way of selecting a character and replace the original
character with it. Now, the obtained intermediate cipher text is
converted into Unicode symbols which are further transmitted
to the receiver. As we encrypt the message in two levels, it is
concealed from others and decryption process becomes more
difficult for any intruders. Hence, the conversion has two phases;
firstly conversion of plain text to cipher text and then conversion
of cipher text to Unicode symbols.
A. Encryption Process
(i) Text To Text Encryption
By using Fibonacci series and Unicode Symbols. In this module
we encrypt the plain text into Unicode symbols with the help of
intermediary string obtained using Fibonacci series.
(ii) Text To Image Encryption
In this module, text to image encryption and image shuffling is
done. Encryption of the Unicode symbols into an image is done.
Here three numbers are assigned representing each Unicode
symbol. This is done by using logic where the three numbers
represent the RGB values which forms a pixel and a matrix. And
then we shuffle the matrix to obtain an image in .png format.
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ISSN 2230-7621MIT Publications

matrix and then corresponding decimal values are extracted.

Start
Start

Enter the plain textwith

security key Enter the plain textwith
security key
key
Conversion of plain text to intermediatestring
key
(using Fibonacci series) Conversion of plain text to intermediatestring
(using Fibonacci series)

Intermediate string
Intermediate string

Conversion of intermediate string into Unicode

symbols (conversion to hexadecimal no.) Conversion of intermediate string into Unicode
symbols (conversion to hexadecimal no.)

Unicode Symbols
Unicode Symbols

RGB matrixgenerated from Unicode symbols

RGB matrixgenerated from Unicode symbols

RGB Matrix
RGB Matrix

Shuffling the matrix &getting the image

Shuffling the matrix &getting the image

Text to image Encryption completed

Text to image Encryption completed

End
End
Fig. 2: Proposed Encryption Method

Fig. 3: Proposed Decryption Method

B. Decryption Process
In this module, after the receival of the encrypted message the V. CONCLUSION
reverse of encryption process is done. Firstly, image to text
This paper proposes a method of hiding data, developing its
decryption is done and after that text to text decryption is done
authenticity, and avoiding its unauthorized usage. Furthermore,
to recover the original plain text with the help of the two keys.
this paper presents a technique that can transfer huge quantities of
Thus, the unicode symbols in text file format is converted to
secret information. It also permit secure communication between
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ISSN 2230-7621MIT Publications
two parties. Any type of text data can be treated as a secret
message and is transmitted over the open channel. In a nutshell,
this proposed technique is very simple and easy to implement.
VI. FUTURE DIRECTIONS
In future, the proposed work performed on stream cipher can
also be performed on block cipher [4]. It will avoid encryption of
same plain text repeatedly. It will also save lot of work and time.
The work can further be extended for the secured communication
on network. It will be useful to avoid the threats on network
since the message will be send and received in the form of an
image. So, it will be difficult to detect the message that will be
transmitted over the communication network.
REFERENCES
[1] Dr. V. Sundaram, Secured Communication through Fibonacci
Numbers and Unicode Symbols International Journal of Scientific
& Engineering Research, Vol. 3, Issue 4, April 2012, pp. 490-494.
[2] Ahmad Abusukhon, Mohamad Talib, Issa Ottoum, Secure
Network Communication Based on Text to Image Encryption
International Journal of Cyber -Security and Digital Forensics
(IJCSDF), 2012, pp. 263-271.
[3] Syed Khutubuddin Ahmed Khadri, Debabrata Samanta, Mousumi
Paul, Approach of Message Communication Using Fibonacci
Series: In Cryptology, Engineering and Technology Publications,
Vol. 2, No. 2, June 2014, pp. 168-171.
[4] R aghu M.E., Ravishankar K.C., Application of Classical
Encryption Techniques for Securing Data A Threaded Approach
International Journal on Cybernetics & Informatics (IJCI), Vol. 4,
No. 2, April 2015, pp. 125-132.