Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Family Code............................................................................................................................................. 1
Marriages which are void from the beginning for reasons of public policy [BIKAS] ............................... 1
Land Titles & Deeds ................................................................................................................................. 1
Requisites in Ordinary Land Registration Proceedings (SAD TONAH PIERT or SAD TraPS AH JuDE SeT) . 1
Property, Ownership, & its modifications ................................................................................................ 2
Kinds of Accession ............................................................................................................................... 2
NOTE: .............................................................................................................................................. 2
Right of Accession with respect to immovable property:...................................................................... 2
Right of Accession with respect to movable Property:.......................................................................... 4
Quieting of Title, Requisites for action to prosper: ............................................................................... 4
Co-ownership ...................................................................................................................................... 4
Usufruct, Extinguishment [DEF MR LT PRNA (read as Def moro loto porna)] (Art 603) ...................... 5
Easements of Servitudes, modes of Extinguishment [REMAIN RAT REF] ............................................... 5
Nuisance [HIASO] ............................................................................................................................. 6
Modes of Acquiring ownership ............................................................................................................ 6
Wills & Succession ................................................................................................................................... 6
Disinheritance of Children & Descendants [LC FRM DC (read as Lac From Doc )]............................ 6
Disinheritance of Parents or Ascendants [CALL FRAP] .......................................................................... 7
Disinheritance of Spouse [FLAPRS] ....................................................................................................... 7
When Legacy/Devise shall be Without Effect [TALA] ............................................................................ 7
Accession ............................................................................................................................................ 8
Obligations .............................................................................................................................................. 8
Kinds of Obligations ............................................................................................................................. 8
Alternative obligations......................................................................................................................... 9
Divisible and Indivisible Obligations ..................................................................................................... 9
Kinds of Solidary Obligations................................................................................................................ 9
Modes of extinguishment of obligation ............................................................................................... 9
Novation ........................................................................................................................................... 10
Contracts............................................................................................................................................... 10
Form of Contracts .............................................................................................................................. 10
Sales...................................................................................................................................................... 11
Effect of Gross Inadequacy of Price .................................................................................................... 11
Agency .................................................................................................................................................. 12
Effects of appointment of Substitute/Liability in case of damage to principal (Art. 1892) ................... 12
Extinguishment [EDWARD] ................................................................................................................ 12
Trusts .................................................................................................................................................... 12
Credit Transactions................................................................................................................................ 13
Torts...................................................................................................................................................... 19
Defenses ........................................................................................................................................... 19
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Civil Law
Things necessary to be put in your head
FAMILY CODE
MARRIAGES WHICH ARE VOID FROM THE BEGINNING FOR REASONS OF PUBLIC POLICY [BIKAS]
Art. 38, Family Code; nine (9) are enumerated therein, but they can be summarized into five (5):
Salus populi et suprema lex The welfare of the people is the supreme law
Partus sequitur ventrem The offspring follows the condition of the mother
quando res non valet ut ago, valeat quantum valere potest when a thing is of no effect as I do it, it
shall have effect as far as or in whatever way it can
KINDS OF ACCESSION
Accession
Discreta Continua
Situation #1
1: Land owner AND Builder/Planter/Sower
Good Faith Bad Faith
2: Owner of Materials
1: pay value to 2 to appropriate what (Art. 447) 1: Pay value + damages + criminal
Good Faith
2: Loses the material without any right as though both had acted in good faith.
whatsoever + pay damages Therefore, Art. 447 applies.
Situation #2
1: Land Owner (only owns the land)
Good Faith Bad Faith
1: has alternative rights, either: (Art. 454: Art. 447 applies, so therefore...)
2: Builder/Planter/Sower AND Owner of Materials
compel the builder or planter (2) to pay the price of the land, or the sower (2) to pay
rent (Art. 450) + damages (Art. 451)
2: loses what he built, planted, or sown (Art. 449)
Payment of expenses in production, gathering, and preservation (PGP) (Art. 443)
Reimbursement for the necessary expenses of preservation of the land
(Art. 549546 par. 1)
No right to remove what was planted, sown or built.(MWSS vs. CA, 43 SCRA 623 [1986])
Situation #3
1: Land owner 2: Builder/Planter/Sower
(Art. 455)
1: to answer subsidiarily for the materials IF any of the following occur:
3: Owner of
Good Faith
Materials
indemnifying 2 for its value. (466) a. Payment of the value of the accessory,
Good Faith
and shall be obliged to pay 1 for as though both had acted in good faith.
damages. (Art. 470(1)) Therefore, Art. 466 applies
CO-OWNERSHIP
Acts of Administration Acts of Alteration
(Strict dominion)
Refer to the enjoyment, Acts by virtue of which a co-owner, in
exploitation, & alteration opposition to the expressed or tacit
of the thing which do not agreement of all the co-owners, and in
affect its substance, form, violation of their will, changes the thing
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USUFRUCT, EXTINGUISHMENT [DEF MR LT PRNA (READ AS DEF MORO LOTO PORNA)] (ART 603)
1. Death of usufructuary
2. Expiration of the period /Fulfillment of the resolutory condition
3. Merger of the usufruct and ownership in the same person
4. Renunciation of the usufructuary
5. Total Loss of the thing in the usufruct
6. Termination of the right of the person constituting the usufruct
7. Prescription
8. Rescission/annulment of the contract which is the source of the right of the usufruct
9. Non-compliance with any condition agreed upon by the parties as agreed upon by the parties as
ground(s) for terminating the usufruct
10. Abandonment by the usufructuary
Caucion Juratoria - A sworn duty to take good care of the property of another and return same at the
end of the usufruct. (Art. 587)
Nuisance [HIASO]
(Art. 694) Any any act, omission, establishment, business, condition of property, or anything else
which:
NOTES:
The doctrine of attractive nuisance is not applicable to bodies of water, in the absence of some
unusual condition or artificial feature other than mere water and its location.
As a rule of thumb, an imitation of nature is not nuisance. (lecture of Dean Abella on CIV1)
3. By [FUVI] Force, undue influence, violence or intimidation to make a will or to change one already
made
1. Conviction of an attempt against the life of the testator, his or her descendants, or ascendants
2. Accused the testator of a crime for which the law prescribes imprisonment of six years or more, and
the accusation has been found to be false
5. Spouse has given grounds for the loss of parental authority
6. Unjustified refusal to support the the children or the other spouse
4. Spouse has given cause for legal separation
ACCESSION
TESTAMENTARY INTESTATE
LEGITIME FREE PORTION
1. (R.R.) Right of
Predecease 1. Substitution (956)
Representation 1. R.R.
or 2. Accession (859-861)
2. (I.S.) Intestate 2. I.S.
Incapacity 3. Intestate Succession
Succession
1. R.R.
Disinheritance N/A
2. I.S.
1. Substitution
1. Accession
Repudiation I.S. 2. Accession
2. I.S.
3. Intestate Succession
OBLIGATIONS
Culpa Contractual Culpa Aquiliana
Negligence is... ...merely incidental to the ...substantive and
performance of an already independent
existing obligation
vinculum juris.. exists independently of the is created by the the
negligence negligence itself
Good father of Is NOT a defense Is complete and proper
a family defense (Art. 2180)
Presumption of YES NO
negligence
Burden of defendant complainant
proof
Source of Breach (non-fulfillment of Negligent act
obligation contract)
KINDS OF OBLIGATIONS
Kinds of Obligation according to Art 1182
Resolutory suspensive
condition condition
(valid) (void)
TIP: Only obligations that are (1) potestative (2) on the part of the debtor (3) that are subject to a
suspensive condition are void. All others are valid.
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ALTERNATIVE OBLIGATIONS
Indivisibility Solidarity
Relates to the object of prestation Pertains to the subject or vinculum
May exist with only 1 debtor and 1 At least 2 creditors or debtors
creditor
Fault of 1 is not fault of all Fault of 1 is fault of all
DEBTOR CREDITOR
Active Solidary Joint
Passive Joint Solidary
Mixed Solidary Solidary
(Other causes)
7. Waiver/renunciation by the creditor (Art. 6)
8. Compromise (Art. 2028)
9. Fulfillment of resolutory condition (Art. 1179)
10. Fulfillment of resolutory term or period (Art. 1193)
11. Happening of unforeseen events (Art. 1174)
12. Abandonment of the property charged with an obligation like the abandonment of an interest in
a party wall (Rabuya on Property, 2008 ed., p. 532)
13. Decision or will of one of parties in certain contracts like agency, partnership and lease of
services (Pineda on Oblicon, 2000 ed., p. 193)
14. Mutual agreement or dissent (Mutuo disenso)
15. Prescription (Art. 1139)
16. Change of civil status (as when a married woman becomes a widow, or when an unmarried
woman gets married) (Paras on Oblicon, 2000 ed., p. 341)
17. Death of debtor, when the obligation is purely personal
NOVATION
Conventional Subrogation (novation) Assignment of credit or rights
Governing law: Art. 1300 to 1304 Governing law: Art. 1624 to 1627
Lack of consent of the debtor... ...is NOT a defense. Only notice is
... is a defense. Consent is necessary required.
Effectivity: from the moment of Effectivity: begins from notification of
subrogation the debtor.
Extinguishes the original obligation Transfer of credit or rights does not
and creates a new one. extinguish the obligation. Transferee
becomes the new creditor
Defect or vice in the old obligation...
...may be cured when the new ...is not cured by assignment to a
obligation becomes valid third person
Mirror-Image Rule: The acceptance must be identical in all respects with that of the offer so
as to produce consent or meeting of the minds (Limketkai Sons Milling, Inc. v. CA, 255 SCRA 626; ABS-
CBN Broadcasting Corp. v. CA, 301 SCRA 572).
CONTRACTS
FORM OF CONTRACTS
[note: numbering here was purposely done. All 8 must be in writing]
Contracts that must appear not only in writing but must also be in a public document, else, void:
5. Donation of immovable property (Art. 749)
6. Contract of partnership (Art. 1773)
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Contracts that must appear not only in writing but must also be registered, else, void:
7. Chattel mortgage (Art. 2140)
8. Sale or transfer of large cattle (Art. 1581 Act 1147, sec. 22)
SALES
EFFECT OF GROSS INADEQUACY OF PRICE
General rule: It does not affect the validity of a contract of sale (Art. 1470, NCC).
Exception:
a. If such inadequacy may indicate a defect in the consent, or that
b. The parties really intended a donation or some other act or contract (Art. 1470, NCC). Thus, lesion
or inadequacy of cause shall not invalidate a contract, unless there has been fraud, mistake or
undue influence (Art. 1355, NCC).
c. Price is so low as to be shocking to the conscience (Rosales v. Court of Appeals, 405 Phil. 638
(2001))
XPN to XPN: when there is a right to redeem.1 Thus, gross inadequacy of price in a judicial sale does
not affect the contract of sale, since the more inadequate the winning bid is at public sale, the more
easily it is for the owner to redeem the property. (Vda de Gordon vs. CA (109 SCRA 388))
1
Zomboanga Barter Traders Kilusang Bayan, Inc., et. al., vs. Plagata, G.R. No. 148433, September 30, 2008
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AGENCY
EFFECTS OF APPOINTMENT OF SUBSTITUTE/LIABILITY IN CASE OF DAMAGE TO PRINCIPAL (ART. 1892)
EXTINGUISHMENT [EDWARD]
1. Expiration of the period for which the agency was constituted
2. [DICI] Death, insanity, civil interdiction, insolvency of the principal or of the agent
3. Withdrawal of agent
4. Accomplishment of the object or purpose of the agency
5. Revocation
6. Dissolution of the firm or corporation which entrusted or accepted the agency
TRUSTS
A trust is not necessarily a contract. Heres why:
Trust Contract
May or may not have a consideration Always supported with a consideration
Always fiduciary in character May or may not be fiduciary
CREDIT TRANSACTIONS
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TORTS
DEFENSES
1. Emergency rule
2. Assumption of risk (by the plaintiff)
3. Contributory negligence
(XPN: Attractive nuisance)
4. Force Majeure (Art. 1174)
5. Prescription (Art. 1146, 1150)
6. Diligence
7. Res Judicata
8. Waiver
Principle of Presumed negligence when an inanimate object causes damage to another, the owner
thereof becomes liable. Proof of fault or negligence is unnecessary because this is presumed.2
Cleanup liability/polluter pay principle the person responsible for the pollution is also responsible for
the clean-up and other damages caused
Wild-beast theory the person who keeps for his own purposes anything likely to do mischief if it
escapes, must keep it at his peril, and failure to do so is prima facie evidence of negligence which will
make him answerable for all damages which is the natural consequence of its escape. (Pineda, citing an
England case)
Principle of created risks when a person introduces in the society a dangerous object from necessity
or profit, he exposes others to danger. If it injures another even without negligence on the part of the
owner or proprietor, he should be held liable for damages.
Doctrine of avoidable consequences a party cannot recover damages flowing from consequences
which the party could reasonably have avoided.
Doctrine of Respondeat Superior- This doctrine applies when the employer or parent is liable not
because of his own act but because of the act or conduct of the employee whether or not he exercised
due care.
GEN: This doctrine does not apply to a parent or an employer who exercised proper care & diligence.
XPN: In case of employees, if the act is violative under Article 103 of the Revised Penal Code,
employers will still be held liable even if there be proof of the exercise of due diligence.
2
Tolentino in explaining Art. 2191, citing Spanish author Cammarota