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MARIA CAMELIA DICU

CAIET PENTRU
SEMINARUL DE LIMBA ENGLEZ
pentru uzul studenilor de anul I
2
ARGUMENT............................................................................................................................................ 5
COMMON EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK...................................................................................................... 6
UNIT 1.................................................................................................................................................... 8
ASKING FOR HELP; CONVERSATIONS; REQUEST FORMULAS;...................................................................8
ROOM SERVICE; REQUESTING FOR OTHERS............................................................................................ 8
WAITER: ARE YOU READY TO ORDER?......................................................................................12
UNIT 2.................................................................................................................................................. 14
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS; GREETINGS; INTRODUCING YOURSELF; INTRODUCING OTHER
PEOPLE................................................................................................................................................ 14
UNIT 3.................................................................................................................................................. 22
STARTING A CONVERSATION; ASKING QUESTIONS; CLOSING A CONVERSATION; PRESENT CONTINUOUS;
PRESENT SIMPLE.................................................................................................................................. 22
MORE PRACTICE................................................................................................................................... 28
UNIT 4.................................................................................................................................................. 32
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION.......................................................................................................... 32
UNIT 5.................................................................................................................................................. 38
NON-VERBAL-COMMUNICATION; ADJECTIVES; ADVERBS OF MANNER, MOVEMENT, FREQUENCY;
PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE; SEEING VERBS.............................................................................................. 38
UNIT 6.................................................................................................................................................. 44
PERSONAL INFORMATION; CURRICULUM VITAE;...................................................................................44
QUESTIONS TYPES................................................................................................................................ 44
UNIT 7.................................................................................................................................................. 50
INTERVIEW FOR A JOB.......................................................................................................................... 50
PAST SIMPLE AND................................................................................................................................. 50
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE.................................................................................................................... 50
FORME SCURTE: HASNT = HAS NOT; HAVENT = HAVE NOT.................................................56
MORE PRACTICE................................................................................................................................... 60
UNIT 8.................................................................................................................................................. 64
LONDON AND NEW YORK..................................................................................................................... 64
UNIT 9.................................................................................................................................................. 69
THE BRITISH AND THE AMERICAN PEOPLES........................................................................................... 69
THE BRITISH PEOPLE.................................................................................................................... 70
2. SPEAK ABOUT THE ROMANIAN PEOPLE IN ABOUT 100 WORDS (10 MINUTES)..............72
UNIT 10................................................................................................................................................ 76
SHOPS AND SHOPPING......................................................................................................................... 76
UNIT 11................................................................................................................................................ 80
INTERVIEW FOR A JOB.......................................................................................................................... 80
READ THE TEXT BELOW............................................................................................................... 80

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MORE PRACTICE................................................................................................................................... 84
ENGLISH TEXTS..................................................................................................................................... 85
WHY WE WENT NUTS ABOUT THE IPHONE...............................................................................85
OF SOUND MIND AND BODY.......................................................................................................... 89
BIBLIOGRAPHY..................................................................................................................................... 97

ARGUMENT
4
Manualul de fa reprezint un caiet de seminar la limba englez i se
adreseaz studenilor de anul I. Acesta poate fi studiat la oricare dintre
specializri, deorece cuprinde lecii de englez cu caracter general, de o mare
aplicabilitate practic. De ce spun aceasta? Potrivit conceptului de
multilingvism, adoptat de Uniunea European, fiecare dintre noi trebuie s
cunoasc cel puin 2 limbi strine, iar limba englez este lingua franca, cel
mai des utilizat oriunde te-ai duce. Prin urmare, nvaarea limbii engleze nu
este numai o recomandare, ci a devenit o necesitate. Studenii de la
specializrile Relaii Internaionale, Administraie Public, Sociologie
etc., dar nu numai, vor gsi prezentul caiet de seminar util i plcut n acelai
timp.
Manualul este structurat n 11 lecii, unit-uri care cuprind subiecte ca
i: conversaii, modele de a solicita ceva n mod politicos, a solicita pentru
alii, modaliti att formale ct i informale de se prezenta, cum s se
prezinte la un interviu, precum i cteva lecii de civilizaie anglo-american,
etc.
De asemenea, fiecare unit este nsoit de lecii practice de gramatic,
necesare pentru a deprinde un mod de a vorbi i scrie ct mai corect n limba
englez. n manual se mai gsesc multe aplicaii practice, necesare pentru a
exersa structurile nvate. Tot n acest manual vei gsi texte originale n
limba englez, din reviste englezeti de prestigiu, care vor contribui la
dezvoltarea universului vostru de cunoatere, dragi studeni.
Prin urmare, dup parcurgerea acestui manual studentul va fi capabil
s: solicite ceva utiliznd formula magic I would like, s se prezinte att
formal ct i informal, s prezinte dou persoane unei a treia, s solicite
micul dejun la room service, s fac fa cu succes la un interviu, s explice
structuri gramaticale studiate n acest manual i s le recunoasc, dar i s le
utilizeze individual, de asemenea s rspund la ntrebri legate de oraele
Londra i New York, despre popoarele celor dou ri, etc.
Manualul se situeaz la nivelul european B1- B2, conform Cadrului
Comun European pentru Limbi Strine pe care l gsii i n manualul de fa
la pagina 3.
Doresc succes tuturor celor care vor aprofunda manualul de fa!

AUTOAREA

5
COMMON EUROPEAN FRAMEWORK

C2 Can understand with ease virtually everything heard or read. Can summarise
information from different spoken and written sources, reconstructing
arguments and accounts in a coherent presentation. Can express him/herself
spontaneously, very fluently and precisely, differentiating finer shades of
proficient meaning even in more complex situations.

C1 Can understand a wide range of demanding, longer texts, and recognise


implicit meaning. Can express him/herself fluently and spontaneously without
much obvious searching for expressions. Can use language flexibly and
effectively for social, academic and professional purposes. Can produce clear,
well-structured, detailed text on complex subjects, showing controlled use of
organisational patterns, connectors and cohesive devices.

B2 Can understand the main ideas of complex text on both concrete and abstract
topics, including technical discussions in his/her field of specialisation. Can
interact with a degree of fluency and spontaneity that makes regular
interaction with native speakers quite possible without strain for either party.
Can produce clear, detailed text on a wide range of subjects and explain a
viewpoint on a topical issue giving the advantages and independent
disadvantages of various options.

B1 Can understand the main points of clear standard input on familiar matters
regularly encountered in work, school, leisure, etc. Can deal with most
situations likely to arise whilst travelling in an area where the language is
spoken. Can produce simple connected text on topics which are familiar or of
personal interest. Can describe experiences and events, dreams, hopes and
ambitions and briefly give reasons and explanations for opinions and plans.

A2 Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of


most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information,
shopping, local geography, employment). Can communicate in simple and
routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on
familiar and routine matters. Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her
background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate basic
need.
A1 Can understand sentences and frequently used expressions related to areas of
most immediate relevance (e.g. very basic personal and family information,
shopping, local geography, employment). Can communicate in simple and
routine tasks requiring a simple and direct exchange of information on
familiar and routine matters. Can describe in simple terms aspects of his/her
background, immediate environment and matters in areas of immediate basic
need.

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UNIT 1
7
ASKING FOR HELP; CONVERSATIONS; REQUEST FORMULAS;
ROOM SERVICE; REQUESTING FOR OTHERS

Asking for help

Here are some formulas for asking for help:


Can you speak more slowly, please?
I dont understand.
Could you repeat that?
Could you explain request?
What does request mean?
Whats () in English?
How do you say () in English?
How do you spell that?
How do you pronounce this word?

Excuse me/ Pardon (me)/ Sorry

These three expressions are used:


- dont understand or dont hear with rising intonation
Pardon? Sorry?
Pardon me? (USA) Excuse me? (USA)
I beg your pardon? Formal)
What? (not polite, informal)
- you walk into someone in a busy place accidentally
Sorry. Pardon me. Excuse me. It is an apology. Dont use rising intonation.
- you want to go past someone
Excuse me. / Excuse me, please. Dont use rising intonation.
- before a request, interrupting someone
Excuse me, can I ask you something?

Practice the intonation:


A: Its fifty pounds per night.
B: Can you speak more slowly, please.

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A: The plane takes off at 11.45 from Heathrow Airport. You will have to be
there 2 hours earlier to check in.
B: I dont understand.

A: Wholewheat toast or white toast?


B: Could you repeat that?

A: Request is used when you politely or officially ask for something.


B: What does request mean?
Or
What does request mean?

A: Whats carte in English?


Or
How do you say carte in English?
B: Book.

A: My name is Popescu Ion.


B: How do you spell that in English?
A: /pi-ou-pi-i:-es-kei-ju ai-ou-en/.

A: This experience was exilarating.


B: How do you pronounce this word?
A: /igzil..rei.ti/

A: Excuse me, may I ask you something?


B: Certainly.

A: What time is it?


B: Pardon?
A: What time is it?
B: Its 12 oclock

Conversations

A: Would you like a drink?


B: A mineral water, please.
A: Still or sparkling?
B: Still, please. And no ice.

A: Can I help you?


B: Please. Some of thatthank youand some of that, too.

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A: Anything else?
B: Yes. One of those, and some of these. Thanks.

A: Id like a film please.


B: What size?
A: 35 millimetre. 24 exposure.
B: What make?
A: One of those.
B: There you go. One Agfa 35/24

Practice the intonation:


(You are a guest in a hotel and you would like to have breakfast, but you
dont know the words. )
A: Good morning! Can I help you?
B: Good morning! Yes, please. I would like to have breakfast, but I dont
know what is the English for the courses.
A: Just point at them and I will help you.
B: Alright. I would like one of these some of that.
A: Anything else?
B: Some of this and one of those.
A: Here you are.
B: Thank you.
A: Youre welcome.

Request formulas
(not polite)
Give me a coffee.
I want a coffee.
(neutral)
Coffee, please.
Id like a coffee, please
Can I have a coffee, please.
Can I have a coffee, please?
(more polite)
Could I have a coffee, please?
May I have a coffee, please?
(very polite)
I wonder if I could have a coffee, please.

Practice:

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(more polite)
A: Are you ready to order?
B: Yes, please. Could I have a coffee, please.
A: Certainly.
(not polite)
A: Are you ready to order?
B: Give me a coffee.
A: Certainly.

Room service
ROOM SERVICE: Good morning. Room service. This is Gary speaking.
How can I help you?
WOMAN: Id like to order breakfast, please.
ROOM SERVICE: May I have your name and room number?
WOMAN: Easton. Sandra Easton. Room 416.
ROOM SERVICE: What would you like today, Ms Easton?
WOMAN: A tomato juice. Ersome muesli and a plain yogurt.
ROOM SERVICE: Any bread?
WOMAN: Yes. Could I have some toast?
ROOM SERVICE: White or wholewheat?
WOMAN: Wholewheat, please. Then Id like some eggspoached eggs
with bacon.
ROOM SERVICE: Anythingelse with that?
WOMAN: No, thank you. Thats fine.
ROOM SERVICE: And would you like tea or coffee?
WOMAN: Tea, please.
ROOM SERVICE: With milk or lemon?
WOMAN: Lemon.
ROOM SERVICE: Is that everything?
WOMAN: Yes, thats it.
ROOM SERVICE: And when do want that?
WOMAN: As soon as possible.
ROOM SERVICE: About twenty minutes?
WOMAN: Thats fine. Thank you.

Practice:
ROOM SERVICE: Good evening. Room service. This is Jack speaking.
How can I help you?
MAN: Good evening. Could you be so kind and wake me up tomorrow
morning. I have a plane to catch.
ROOM SERVICE: May I have your name and room number?
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MAN: Popescu. Dan Popescu. Room 311.
ROOM SERVICE: What time would you like us to wake you up, Mr
Popescu?
MAN: 4 oclock a.m. My plane leaves at 7 a.m. And could you, please call a
taxi to take me to the airport?
ROOM SERVICE: Certainly. What time do you want to leave?
MAN: At 4.30 a.m. I have to be at the airport two hours before the flight.
ROOM SERVICE: Yes, you will be waken up at 4 a.m. and the taxi will wait
for you at 4.30. Anything else?
MAN: No, thank you.

Requesting for others

WAITER: Are you ready to order?


WOMAN: Yes, please.
WAITER: Would you like a starter?
WOMAN: No, thanks.
WAITER: And for the main course?
WOMAN: Hed like the steak and shed like the fish. Thats right, isnt it?
GUESTS: Yes.
WOMAN: And they would both like the salad.
WAITER: And what would you like, madam?
WOMAN: Id like the chiken. And can you bring us a bottle of white wine?
WAITER: Certainly.
*
WAITER: Whos the steak for?
WOMAN: The steaks for him.
WAITER: And the fish?
WOMAN: Thats for her.
WAITER: And the two salads?
WOMAN: The salads are for them. And the chikens for me.
WAITER: There you go. Is that everything?
WOMAN: Yes, thats all. Thank you.
WAITER: Youre welcome.

Practice:

WAITER: Are you ready to order?


WOMAN: Yes, please.

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WAITER: Would you like a starter?
WOMAN: Yes. They would like Tuscan bread and tomato soup. And we
would like baked sardines with garlic and oregano.
WAITER: And for the main course?
WOMAN: We would like two helpings of stuffed pork with mushrooms and
garlic and two helpings of cod fillets in a cucumber sauce.
WAITER: Anything else?
WOMAM: Two glasses of red wine for the pork and two of white wine for
the fish.

*
WAITER: Whos the soup for?
WOMAN: The soup is for them and the sardines are for us.
WAITER: Here you are.
WOMAN: Thank you.
*
WAITER: Whos the pork for?
WOMAN: It is for them.
WAITER: And the fish?
WOMAN: The fish is for us.
WAITER: And the glasses of wine
WOMAN: Thank you.
WAITER: Youre welcome.

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UNIT 2
COUNTABLE AND UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS; GREETINGS;
INTRODUCING YOURSELF; INTRODUCING OTHER PEOPLE

Countable and uncountable nouns

Din punctul de vedere al ideii de numr, n limba englez,


substantivele se mpart n substantive numrabile (countable) i
substantive nenumrabile (uncountable).
Substantivele numrabile sunt variabile ca numr, pot fi precedate de
numerale cardinale sau cuantificatori i se acord n nur cu verbul.

e.g. a boy, two boys


one book, three books
The book is on the table.
The apples are in the basket.
La plural substantivele numrabile primesc: -s sau es, n funcie de
terminaia substantivului.

e.g. book, books


bus, buses
box, boxes
watch, watches
brush, brushes
city, cities
boy, boys
knife, knives
half, halves
Exist de asemenea o categorie aparte de substantive cu plural
neregulat.

e.g. man, men


woman, women
foot, feet
goose, geese
tooth, teeth
mouse, mice
child, children
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Substantivele colective sunt i ele tot substantive numrabile.
- army, class, team, committee, crowd, family, press, public, troops etc.
Atunci cnd ele se refer la un tot unitar acordul cu verbul eate la singular,
dac acestea ns se refer la membrii componeni, acordul este la plural.

e.g. His family is larger than mine.


The two footbal teams are in the field now.

Substantivele nenumrabile sunt invariabile ca form.


Unele se acord cu verbul la singular.

e.g. advice, business, furniture, homework, information, knowledge,


luggage, money, news etc.
His advice is always good.
His knowledge of English is poor.
The money is in the wallet.
DAR
I need a piece of information from you.
Give me a piece of advice.

Alte substantive nenumrabile sunt invariabile la plural.

- glasses (ochelari), scissors, clothes, jeans, pants, pyjamas, shorts, trousers


Where are the scissors?
The trousers are too long for you.
DAR
I need a pair of scissors.
He bought a new pair of jeans.

Iat cteva substantive numrabile care se termin n s i care se acord


cu verbul la singular: economics, mathematics, social studies, physics,
politics.

e.g. Physics was not my favourite subject in school.

Nu folosim articole nehotrte i numerale cardinale naintea substantivelor


invariabile.

e.g. You can fiind information in the guide book.

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Practice
1. Write C for countable and U for uncountable. Dont forget that you cant
count water but you can count bottles of water.
..water ..glasses of water
..oil liters of oil
..gold grams of gold
..meat pieces of meat
..shampoo .bottles of shampoo
..pasta .bowls of pasta

2. Choose the correct answers.


a. Its a long/ long journey to USA.
b. Travel/ a travel helps you to understand other cultures.
c. We can find accommodation/ an accommodation in the next town.
d. Theres a plate/ plate on the table.
e. Shes got chicken. Put rice/ a rice on her plate.
f. Ive got a bad/ bad news.

3. Choose the nouns that can be counted and the nouns you can put a pair in
front of them.
- socks, shoes, tights, trainers, trousers, jeans, shorts, pyjamas, scissors,
glasses, earrings, underpants.

4. Choose the appropriate word.


a. Physics is/are my favourite subject.
b. The police was/ were in the street.
c. The stairs is/ are made of wood.
d. She has a degree in a European/ European Studies.
e. There was/were a lot of people at the concert.
f. The contents of the book is/ are interesting.
g. The children is/ are eating lunch.

Greetings

Here are some formulas to greet people with different degrees of


formality:
1. Informal, very close friends
A: Angie! Great to see you again.

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B: Great to see you.
A: Howre you doing?
B: OK!

2. Informal, relatives
A: Hi, MarkHi, Lucy. Nice to see you.
B: Nice to see you. Hows Amanda?
A: Shes very well, thank you.

3. Informal, acquaintances
A: Hello, Bob. How are you?
B: Fine, thanks. And you?
A: Fine.

4. Formal, co-workers
A: Good morning, Lisa.
B: Good morning, Ms Stewart.

5. Formal, strangers
A: Good evening.
B: Good evening, sirmadam. Welcome to the Chelsea International Hotel.

Practice the intonation:


1. Informal, very close friends
A: Maria! Great to see you again.
B: Great to see you.
A: How are things?
B: OK!

2. Informal, relatives
A: Hi, GeorgeHi, Mary. Good to see you.
B: Good to see you. Hows Jane?
A: Shes very well, thank you.

3. Informal, acquaintances
A: Hello, Robert. How are you?
B: Fine, thanks. And you, Ms Alice?
A: Fine.

4. Formal, co-workers
A: Good morning, children.
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B: Good morning, teacher.

5. Formal, strangers
A: Good afternoon.
B: Good afternoon, sirmadam. Welcome to Ritz Hotel.

Introducing yourself

Atunci cnd v prezentai unei persoane strine, procedai n felul urmtor:


A: Salutai.
B: V spunei numele.
C: Dai informaii privind slujba, de unde suntei.
D: Spunei ceva amabil.
- Strngei mna ferm i privii persoana cealalt n ochi. Zmbii.
Brbaii i dau mna. Femeile ntind mna primele, dac doresc s
strng mna unui brbat. Femeile i strng minile dar nu
ntotdeauna.
- Spunei How do you do. Rspunsul este Pleased to meet you
sau Fine, thanks, n SUA. n UK rspunsul este ntotdeauna
How do you do.
- Facei schimb de cri de vizit.

1. How do you do. My name is Alexander Parker. I believe you are John
Smith.
2. Allow me to introduce myselfI am Alexander Parker, manager at
Chelsea International Hotel. And you?
3. You must be John Smith. Its a pleasure to meet you.
4. How do you do. Im Annette Perry. Im the Sales Manager of
Greystoke Inc.
5. Hello. My name is Evans. Linda Evans. Im a friend of Mrs Pickering.
Its a pleasure to meet you.
6. Let me introduce myself, Im Sally Park. I work for Orange
Communications. Im from Australia.

Practice:
1. When you introduce yourself in a formal situation, you can choose the
way you want them to address you.
Hello, my name is John. John Smith.
Hello, John.

Hello, my name is Smith. Mrs. Smith.


Hello, Mrs. Smith.

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Hello, my name Anna. Anna Smith.
Hello, Anna.

Hello, my name is Smith.


Hello, Mr. Smith.

2. Advice about introductions.


- When people meet on business they often exchange cards.
- Women choose whether to shake hands with men or not.
- Always state you name clearly.
- Look the other person straight in the eye and smile.
- In Britain, reply How do you do if the other person says How do you do.

Introducing other people

Cnd facei prezentri respectai ordinea urmtoare. Prezentai:


- Persoane cu poziie mic celor cu poziie mai mare.
- Persoane mai tinere celor mai n vrst.
- Prezentai persoane de sex masculin celor de sex feminin.

1. This is Miss Claudette Cartier. She is Canadian from Montreal. She is


a student and she is my pen friend. She is 19.
2. May I introduce Mr Yoshi Suzuki to you? He is Japanese from Tokio.
He is the sales Manager of Sensai computers. He is 54.
3. Id like you to meet Mrs Pamela Fraser. She is British and a teacher at
Oxbridge School of English, now she is teaching at a school in Tg
Jiu. She is 48.
4. Allow me to introduce Mr. Ryan Sikorski to you. He is American. He
is an old friend form college He lives in Chicago.

5. A: Mr. Granger Id like you to meet Nick Thomas, from our Boston
office.
B: How do you do, Nick.
C: Pleased to meet you, Mr. Granger.
B: Please. Call me Philip.

6. A: Sarah Dean?
B: Im Paul Hodges form Warner Graphics. How do you do.
A: How do you do.
B: Would you like to see our new catalog
Practice:

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A: Good morning. My name is Carter. Rob Carter.
B: Pleased to meet you Mr. Carter.
A: Id like to introduce my colleague. This is Carmen Popescu.
B: Hello, Ms. Popescu. Its good to meet you.
C: Its nice to meet you, too.
B: Are you going to be in England long?
C: No, were going to travel to Belgium tomorrow.

Formal questions
Whats your name?
What nationality are you?
Whats your address?
Whats your job?
How old are you?
Whats your date of birth?
Are you married?
Informal questions
What do you do?
Whats your age?
When were you born?
Whats your name?
Are you single?
Which country do you come from?
Information about you
My name is Julia Park.
I come from USA.
I live in Washington.
Im a scientist.
I work for Cook Chemicals.
Im twenty-five.
Im single.
Countries and nationalities
England English
Spain Spanish
Sweden Swedish
Poland Polish
Scotland Scottish
Ireland Irish
Turkey Turkish
Australia Austrian
Canada Canadian
Brasilia - Brazilian

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Germany German
United States American
Mexico Mexican
Italy Italian
Japan Japanese
China Chinese
Vietnam Vietnamese
Portugal Portuguese
Pakistan Pakistani
Iraq Iraqi
Netherlands Dutch
France French
Switzerland Swiss

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UNIT 3
STARTING A CONVERSATION; ASKING QUESTIONS; CLOSING
A CONVERSATION; PRESENT CONTINUOUS; PRESENT
SIMPLE

Starting a conversation
Meeting at the airport
WOMAN: Mr. Popescu?
MAN: Thats right
WOMAN: Im Laura Parker from the London office. How do you do.
MAN: Very well, thanks. Pleased to meet you, Ms. Parker.
WOMAN: What was your flight like?
MAN: Not bad. The take off was delayed half an hour, but we arrived on
time. The plane was full, though. There wasnt an empty seat.
WOMAN: Is this your first visit to London?
MAN: No, I was here ten years ago. I was on vacation, not business. This is
my first business trip.
WOMAN: Come this way. My car is in the car park. Ill drive you to the
hotel

Practice:
YOU: Hello. You must be Mr. Robert Parker.
VISITOR: Yes, thats right.
YOU: My name is Laura Popescu from Bucharest office. How do you do.
VISITOR: Pleased to meet you, too. And thank you for coming to meet me.
YOU: How was you flight?
VISITOR: Oh, OK. I dont really enjoy flying. Im glad to be back on the
ground. YOU: Is this your first visit to Romania?
VISITOR: No, it isnt. I was here last year, but only for a few days.
YOU: How long are you staying here?
VISITOR: Seventeen days. Im flying home on the 24th.
YOU: What was the weather like in your country?
VISITOR: It was raining when I left!
YOU: Which part of England do you come from?
VISITOR: I live in Dorchester. Its in the south of England. Do you know it?
YOU: I dont. What is it like?

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VISITOR: Its a small town in the country. No skyscrapers or anything. Its a
typical old country town. There are a lot of good pubs.
YOU: Come this way. Ah, this is my car. Let me take to your hotel.

Asking questions

Adesea iniiem o conversaie cu strini adresndu-le ntrebri.

NTREBRI CU CARACTER GENERAL


JOURNEY
- What was your flight/ journey like?
- How was you flight/ journey?
WEATHER
- What was the weather like in (England)?
- How was the weather in (England)?
VISITS TO YOUR COUNTRY
- Is this your first visit/ time here?
FOOD
- Do you like (Italian) food?
- What do you think of (Italian) food?
HOTEL
- Hows your room/ hotel?
- Whats your room/ hotel like?
- Is everything OK at your hotel?
- Where are you staying?
JOB
- What do you do at (ABC Industries)?
VISITORS HOME
- Which part of (England) do you come from?
- Where do you live in (England)?
VISITORS PLANS
- How long are you staying here?
- What are you going to do (during this visit)?
- Why are you here/ in this country?

NTREBRI CU CARACTER PERSONAL:


- sunt considerate stnjenitoare de ctre unele culturi
- How is your family?
- How old are you?
- Why arent you married?
- Why havent you got any children?
- How much do you earn?

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- How much was your jacket?
- How much do you weigh?
- Whats your star sign?
- Whats you blood group?
- Which political party do you support?
POT FI EVITATE RSPUNZND POLITICOS:
- Sorry, thats a personal question.
- I dont want to answer that.
- Id rather not say/ tell you that/ answer that.
- Mind your own business.

Practice:

- What was your flight/ journey like?


- The flight/ journey was early/ on time/ delayed.
- What was the weather like in (England)?
- It was rainy/ sunny/ foggy/ fine when I left.
- Is this your first visit/ time here?
- I was here last year/ two yers ago.
- Do you like (Italian) food?
- Very much.
- Hows your room/ hotel?
- Not bad.
- Where are you staying?
- At Chelsea International Hotel.
- What do you do at (ABC Industries)?
- Im a sales manager.
- Which part of (England) do you come from?
- Dorchester
- How long are you staying here?
- Two weeks.
- What are you going to do (during this visit)?
- Im going to meet our business partners.

Closing a conversation

MENTION THE NEXT MEETING


See you soon.
See you at the (sales conference).
I hope to see you next time (Im here).
(I) look forward to seeing you again/ soon.

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THANK THE PERSON FOR HELP/ A MEAL ETC
Thank you for all your help.
Thank you for a wonderful meal.
Thanks for everything.
It was great (seeing you/ talking with you).
GIVE THEM GOOD WISHES
Have a nice day.
Have a good weekend/ holiday/ flight.
Enjoy the rest of your stay.
Take care of (yourself).
All the best.
Mind how you go.

Practice:

Formulas for:
a) a business person you have met for the first time:
Goodbye. Nice to have met you.
b) someone you often meet, e.g. a friend:
See you later!
c) a dinner guest:
Thanks for coming.
d) someone you have been speaking to for a few seconds:
Bye!
e) a colleague you see when youre leaving work on Friday evening
Goodnight. Have a good week-end.
f) someone you are greeting after 6 p.m.
Good evening.

Present continuous
Prezentul continuu este utilizat pentu a exprima:
- o aciune n desfurare n momentul vorbirii;
e.g. Listen! He is singing in the bathroom.
- o aciune cu caracter temporar
e.g. Ann is attending UCB.
- o aciune personal planificat n prezent;
e.g. We are leaving tomorrow
- pentru a descrie persoane
e.g. She is wearing a two-piece suit.
Present continuous se formez cu ajutorul auxiliarului la prezent to be plus
verb principal la care se adaug ing. La adugarea terminaiei se observ
urmtoarele modificri:
To run running

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To lie lying
To have having
To refer - referring

Practice:
To have cu sensul a avea, a poseda nu se folosete la aspectul continuu.
Excepie face cazul cnd acesta se traduce cu: to have a bath = a face baie, to
have a shower = a face du, to have breakfast, lunch, dinner = a servi micul
dejun, prnzul sau cina.
Prezent continuu afirmativ
I am (Im) having a shower now.
You are (youre) having breakfast right right now.
He/ she/ it is (hes/ shes/ its) having a bath now.
We are were) having dinner now.
They are (theyre) having lunch at the moment.
Adverbe folosite: now, right now, at the moment
Prezent continuu - interogativ:
Am I watching a film now?
Are you attending the Faculty of Economics?
Is he/ she/ it/ is drinking water at the moment?
Are we running now?
Are they coming?
Prezent continuu - negativ
I am not leaving tomorrow.
You are not (arent) going to school now.
He/ she/ it is not (isnt) playing in the yard.
We are not (arent) having dinner at the moment.
They are not (arent) studying French this year.

Present simple
Presentul simple este utilizat pentru a exprima:
- aciuni generale cu caracter permanent;
e.g. The Earth moves round the sun.
Water boils at 100 Celsius.
Birds fly.
- aciuni obinuite, repetate la anumite intervale de timp: on Mondays, in
summer, everzy day, frequently, often, seldom, rarely, occasionaly,
sometimes, once a week/ month/ year;
e.g. I go to school every day.
I usually watch TV in the evening.
- aciuni cu valoare de viitor ce fac parte dintr-un program oficial;
e.g. The plane leaves tomorrow at 7.00 a.m.

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The exhibition opens Monday at 8.00 p.

Practice:
Prezent simplu Afirmativ
I go to school.
You go to work.
He/ she/ it goes to university.
We go on a trip.
They go shopping every day.
Prezent simplu interogativ
Do I look timid?
Do you drink or coffee?
Does he/ she/ it do well?
Do you need help?
Do they live in Manchester?
Prezent simple negativ
I do not (dont) need help.
You do not (dont) eat much.
He/ she/ it does not (doesnt) work every day.
We do not (dont) go on a trip on 21 October.
They do not (dont) help each other.
- Prezentul simplu este format la afirmativ din infinitivul scurt
verbului principal, la persoana aIIIa primeste s sau es.
- Interogativul i negativul se formez cu ajutorul auxiliarului to
do.
- Ct privete terminaia persoanei aIIIa, verbele care se termin n
consoan primesc s: e.g. runs; verbele care se termin n e
primesc s: comes, likes; verbele dup modelul watch, brush
primesc es: brushes, watches; dress-es; verbele care se termin
n y precedat de consoan: cry- cries; verbele care se termin n
y prcedat de vocal: play - plays etc.

27
MORE PRACTICE

1. Complete thspaces in these conversation.


A: Id ..a video tape, please.
B: .like VHS, Hi-8, or VHS-C?
A:
B: size 240, 180, or 60?
A: I..a three hour tape.
B: Thats an E180. Whatwould you like?
A: Maxell.
B: A Maxell E-180. 4.99.
A: There.

2. Decide which of the following requests are formal (F) or informal (I).
1. I wonder if I could have a glass of water.
2. Can I have an apple juice? ...
3. A hot chocolate, please.
4. May I have a milk shake? ...
5. Give me a cola. .
6. Could I have an orange juice, please?

3.Put the words in the correct order to form sentences.


1. coffe./ me / a / Give.
2. please? / meniu/ the / see / we / Could
3. another / of / May / have / glass / I / please? / water / mineral
4. wonder / tea / could /if / I / more / some / please? / have / I
5. wine. / Id /some /like
6. please. / water / Sparkling

4. Use demonstratives in the following exercise.


1. Isa UFO?
2. my children, Naomi and Patrick.
3. are polar bears.
4. Look my new watch!

5. Use the following words to make up a dialogue to order breakfast to


room service.
- coffee, yoghurt, cornflakes, scrambled eggs, mushrooms, ham, whole wheat
bread.
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6. Complete the spaces with is or are.
1. there any more milk?
2. There some biled eggs over there.
3. There .. some scrambled egges over here.
4. There .. some sugar in the bowl.
5. There ..some bowls of sugar on the tables.
6. Excuse me, . there any orange juice left.
7. How many glasses. there?
8. How much jam .. there in the pot?

7. Write sentences as in the example.


Hed like the steak.
The fried steak is for him.

1. Wed like the tomato soup.


2. Shed like the poached fish.
3. Id like the grapefruit juice.
4. Theyd like the fried chicken.
5. Hed like the scrambled egg.

8. Write the sentences as in the example.


Please bring us some wine.
Wed like some wine.

1. Please show them the menu.


2. Bring me the bill.
3. Pass her the paper, please.
4. Give him some water.
5. Can you get us some bread?

9. Choose the correct word.


1. Do / Would / May you like a drink?
2. Id like a mineral water, but not /nothing / no ice.
3. Please, pass me/ I / my the salt.
4. Could / May / Might you bring me some tea?
5. Four of this / that / these, please.
6. Id like / liking / to like the salad, please.
7. Can you bring we / our / us a menu, please?
8. The fish is for him and the meat is for she / her / hers.
9. Thank you. Please / Youre welcome.

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10. Can you say that more slowly / slow / not fast?
11. How are / does / do you spell that?
12. Could you to explain / explain / explaining this word?
13. Sorry, I m not / not / dont understand.
14. What is / does / do apologize mean?
15. Coffee, please. OK, there it / you / the coffee go.
16. Would you like still and / with / or sparkling water?
17. Can I have an orange / oranges juice?
18. Could you take / have / bring me a menu?
19. Are you now / finished / ready to order?
20. I / Im / Id wonder if I could see the menu, please?

10. Choose.
a. Its great see/ to see/ meet you again.
b. How are you do/ to do/ doing?
c. Shake hands strong/ firm/ firmly.
d. Id like you meet/ to meet/ meeting Ms Azegami from Japan.
e. Where you/ do you/ are you live?
f. May/ Would/ Am I introduce Laura Pausini?
g. I m not/ dont/ doesnt remember you name.
h. Laura dont/ doesnt/ isnt know Mr. Costello.
i. Does she like/ to like/ likes French food?
j. Where does/ do/ are you come from?
k. Im go/ going/ will to visit some customers.
l. Where are you stay/ to stay/ staying?
m. How age/ many years/ old are you?
n. How are/ were/ was your flight?
o. Good night. Nice to have met/ meeting/ meet you.
p. Where do she/ they/ I usually have lunch?
r. Doesnt/ Cant/ dont ask him. He doesnt know.

11. Make up a dialogue Meeting at the railway station. A student


meet you and your friend at the railway station in London. You and
your friend are going to do an English course in London.

12. Write five personal questions and answer them.

13. You have just had dinner with a business partner. Close the
conversation.

14. Greet you English teacher, in the afternoon.

15. Introduce yourself formally.

30
16. Introduce yourself informally.

17. Introduce your girl-friend/ boy-friend to your mother.

18. You were at a Conference at Prague last year. You meet a man whom
you met there. Re-introduce yourself.

31
UNIT 4
NON-VERBAL COMMUNICATION

Gesture

Comunicarea nonverbal este cumulul de mesaje, care nu sunt


exprimate prin cuvinte si care pot fi decodificate, crend nelesuri. Aceste
semnale pot repeta, contrazice, nlocui, completa sau accentua mesajul
transmis prin cuvinte.
Literatura de specialitate amintete gruparea comunicrii nonverbale in trei
categorii:
- limbajul semnelor incluznd gesturile;
- limbajul aciunilor incluznd micrile corpului implicate in diferite
activiti;
- limbajul obiectelor care ncorporeaz dispunerea intenionat sau
neintenionat a obiectelor in spaiu n vederea utilizrii lor.
Din punctul de vedere al gesturilor exist gesturi considerate
internaionale ca de exemplu: arttorul dus la buze, nseamn linite;
minile ridicate la nivelul umerilor cu palmele n sus: nu tiu; minile
ridicate la nivelul taliei cu palmele n sus nu am fost eu de vin.
Exist gesturi care n diferite culturi au diferite nelesuri, ca de
exemplu a da din cap pentru da sau nu. Romnii spun da dnd din
cap de jos n sus. Bulgarii spun da dnd din cap dintr-o parte n alta.
Romnii spun nu scuturnd capul, pe cnd bulgarii spun nu dnd din cap
de jos n sus. Alte gesturi sunt considerate obscene de ctre unele culturi pe
cnd altele le folosesc pentru a spune c totul este bine.

Practice:

1. Parts of the arms


Arm = bra
Hand = mn
Wrist = nchietura minii
Elbow = cot
Little finger = degetul mic
Middle finger = degetul mijlociu
Ring finger = inelar
Index finger = arttor

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Palm = palm
Thumb = degetul mare
Fist = pumn

2. Gestures
Sit down! (indicating with palms down)
Stay back I dont want trouble. (hands stretched aut, palms out)
You, yes you! (pointing or jabbing finger)
Do you want a punch in the nose? (shaking fists)
Sorry, I cant hear! (hand cupped to ear)
She cant stop talking! Talk, talk! (hand gesture of mouth opening and
shutting)
No! No way! Im not going to do it! (arms swept across each other at chest
level)
I really dont understand at all. (scratching top of head)
Who? Me? (Westerners point to their chests, Japanese to their noses)

Body language
n timp ce gesturile sunt sunt nvate i variaz de la o cultur la alta,
studii asupra persoanelor oarbe i surde au artat c limbajul trupului i
expresia feei involuntare sunt nnscute i universale. Studiile indic de
asemenea c 2/3 din mesajele dintr-o convorbire fa n fa sunt non-
verbale.
n 1969 Mehrabian a ajuns la concluzia c numai 7% este mesaj
verbal, iar 38% const n inflexiunea vocii, 55% reprezentnd comunicare
non-verbal. n 1971, Birdwhistell estima c 35% reprezint comunicare
verbal incluznd i intonaia, 65% comunicare non-verbal.
Persoanele care lucreaz n vnzri i oamenii de afaceri nva s
foloseasc i s interpreteze comunicarea non-verbal.
Limbajul trupului influeneaz strile sufleteti i ne putem schimba
atitudinea mental adoptnd anumite posturi. Se crede c nvatul poate fi
stimulat adoptnd posturi ce exprim maxim atenie. Studiile au artat c
profesorii dau note mai mari celor care adopt o atitudine pozitiv fa de
nvat n timpul leciilor. Poate fi din cauz c ei sunt interesai cu adevrat
sau c sunt buni actori.

Practice:
1.Parts of the body
Shoulders = umeri
Chest = piept
Body = trup
Hips = olduri

33
Legs = picioare
Feet = labele picioarelor

2. Follow these instructions.


- Lean back in your chair. Cross your legs. Fold your arms. Look down.
Do you feel in a bad mood?
This is a negative body language.

- Lean forward in your chair. Put both feet on the ground about 30 cm apart.
Put your hands loosely together. Look straight ahead. Smile.
Do you feel in a good mood?
This is a positive body language.

- Stand up. Put your legs apart. Put your hand on your hips. Look straight
ahead. Dont smile.
Do you want a fight?
This is an aggressive body language.

Facial expression
S-au fcut studii asupra expresiilor faciale ale animalelor. Zmbetul
uman este interesant pentru c micrile sunt asemntoare cu ale
maimuelor cnd le este foame sau sunt agresive. De fapt oamenii adesea
zmbesc cnd sunt agresivi verbal poate pentru a respinge un rspuns
mnios. Dac expresia facial este o parte important a comunicrii este
foarte important s zmbim i la fel de important s nu ne ncruntm.

Practice:

1.Parts of the face


Head = cap
Ears = urechi
Forehead = frunte
Eyebrows = sprncene
Eyelids = pleoape
Eyelashes = gene
Eyes = ochi
Cheeks = obraji
Nose = nas
Nostrils = nri
Mouth = gur
Teeth = dini
Lips = buze
Mouth = gur

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Chin = brbie
Neck = gt

2. Analyze the words and see what parts of the face moves when:
He looks happy.
Smile mouth, cheeks, nose
He looks surprised.
Frown
Think
Wise
Serious - forehead, eyes
He looks sad.
Cry
Worried
Scared
Depressed eyes, forehead, nostrils
He looks tired, bored. mouth, eyes
Yawn

Making the right noises


Interjeciile au un neles care este specific din punst de vedere
cultural. De aceea nu este recomandabil folosirea intejeciilor din propria
limb atunci cnd este vorba despre limba englez. Din contr este important
s folosim interjecii proprii limbii engleze. Interjeciile au destul neles care
poate nsemna destul de mult ntr-o conversaie.
Cele dou conversaii arat importana folosirii interjeciilor mai
degrab dect a adverbului da. ntr-o convorbire la telefon interjeciile se
traduc prin ascult pe cnd da arat o incuviinare.

Practice:
1. Misunderstanding
Client: My company needs forty million dollars for the new projects.
Bank Director: OK.
Client: Were going to build a new office in Singapore.
Bank Director: Right.
Client: We can pay back the money theres no problem with that.
Bank director: OK.
Client: I can have my accountants call you next week.
Bank Director: Yep.
Client: So, we have a deal!
Bank Director: Yes! I mean I need some time. Ill get back to you.
2. Non-committal sounds
Client: My company needs forty million dollars for the new project.

35
Bank Director: Uh-huh.
Client: Were going to build a new office in Singapore
Bank Director: Uh-huh.
Client: We can pay back the money theres no problem with that.
Bank director: Uh-huh.
Client: I can have my accountants call you next week.
Bank Director: Uh-huh.
Client: So, we have a deal?
Bank Director: I need some time. Ill get back to you.

Dress and appearance

n cazul tuturor poporelor, formalitatea i statutul sunt strns legate de


efortul de care este nevoie pentru ntreinerea hainelor, accesoriilor, a prului
sau machiajului. n general hainele croite pe msur sunt mai formale dect
hainele lejere.un machiaj sau o coafur/ frizur elaborate necesit munc i
timp. Rasul necesit mai mult efort dect barba. (Dei barba i mustaa atent
ngrijite arat formal). In vest culorile nchise sunt formale, dar n rile mai
calde, ex. Orientul Mijliciu i Africa robele lejere albe i curate sau
costumele albe exprim formalitate deoarece au nevoie de ngrijire atent.

1. Personal apearance. We use the following words to describe peoples


appearance.
General: attractive, casual, well-dressed, scruffy, smart
Face: a beard, a moustache, glasses
Hair: long, blonde, short, dark, wavy, bald
Build: (quite) tall, overweight, short, medium-height, slim, average build
Age: middle-aged, about 45, in her twenties

2. Describing clothes
- sweater, tie, scarf, earrings, bracelet, neccklace, blouse, jeans, jewllery, wig

3.The right impression

- Depends on the peoples appearance. Study the lists of casual and


formal elements:
- Casual: loose clothes, matt leather shoes, long loose hair, beards,
bare legs, light colours.
- Formal: tailored clothes, clean-shaven faces, polished shoes, dark
colours, styled hair, red lipstick

4. Image and appearance

36
Formal clothes give you authority.
A casual appearance is more relaxed and friendly.
Somebody may feel more comfortable wearing similar clothes to people
around him/ her.
Somebody may like to be different.

5. At work
Apple Computers and Microsoft started free dress at work. Other
companies in the US started casual on Fridays rules. In Britain, forty years
ago, bank staff was expected to wear blue or grey in the week, but brown
tweed jackets on Saturdays.
In Japan there is a specific day when men can wear short sleeved shirts
to work. Rules vary, e.g. Spanish bank staff may look very casual against
British equivalents. Some companies dislike certain shirt colour or patterns.
The sales of suits have been falling very rapidly in the USA/ UK. In
Europe a smart jacket and tie often replaces a suit this is spreading to the
UK/ USA.
Women used to be discouraged from wearing trousers at work quite
recently in the USA/ UK. Some companies still frown on them.

Practice:

Let us try to describe some people. Can you guess who they are?

1. He is considered handsome. He sometimes wears a moustache or beard


depending on the role he prepares for. His hair is blonde, sometimes long
and sometimes short.. He is quite tall. He is in his thirties. When you see him
on the red carpet, he is wearing a fashionable tailored black suit, white shirt
and balck tie, polished shoes. He is also clean-shaven. Who is he?

2. She is very attractive. Her lips are her trademark. Her hair is black and
long. She is slim. She is of average height. She is in her thirties. On the red
carpet, she is wearing smart dresses and matched jewellery. Who is she?

37
UNIT 5
NON-VERBAL-COMMUNICATION; ADJECTIVES; ADVERBS OF
MANNER, MOVEMENT, FREQUENCY; PREPOSITIONS OF
PLACE; SEEING VERBS

Proximity

Proximity is a debatable issue from the point of view of cultures and


professions.
A video was taken of some business people at a cocktail party. The
video playback was like a dance. An American was talking to Latin
American. As the conversation warmed, the Latin American moved closer,
so the American moved back. This was repeated. Over twenty minutes, the
pair of them moved from one side of the room right across the other. It was
completely unconscious.
The specialists define five zones of proximity for UK/ USA:
1. Close intimate zone: 0 15 cm. Only lovers or relatives are expected to
get this close
2. Intimate zone: 15 45. Close friends. People feel uncomfortable if this
zone is invaded.
3. Personal zone: 46 120. The distance most Westerners like to be when
talking socially. Further apart would seem unfriendly.
4. Social zone. 120 360 cm. This is the distance we see in shops and in the
streets. It seems to be the preferred distance for business.
5. Public zone. More than 360 cm. This is the distance speakers prefer to be
from an audience.

Practice:
Read the text and then let us answer the questions:

Personal space
Police officers in all societies always stand very close to people when
they are interrogating them, and managers often stand close when they are
trying to get information from their staff. Teachers sometimes do this with
students, too! We feel uncomfortable when someone stands or sits too close

38
to us. We think of the space near our bodies as our territory. But what is too
close?
All over the world, people in big cities stand closer to one another than
people in small towns, and people in small towns stand closer to one another
than people from the country. The idea of personal space changes in different
countries. In some parts of India people stay 60 cm apart. In Britain,
Australia and North America personal space for most people is about 45 cm
from the body. Researchers say it is 25 cm in Japan but only 20 cm in both
Denmark and Brazil.
This difference can cause communication problems. Latin American
and Asians often say that the British and American are cold and unfriendly.
On the other hand, the British and Americans often see other cultures as too
assertive and aggressive. In both examples, the problems are different ideas
of personal space.

1. Who are the persons and in what social and professional categories that
uses to stand closer to people having all kinds of reasons?
- Police officers, managers and teachers.
2. Who stands closer to one another?
- People in big cities.
3. Speaking of nations, what nations stand closer to one another?
- Denmark and Brazil.
4. What is the point in the last paragraph?
- The idea of personal space.

Adjectives

Adjectives dont change for number or person:


e.g. a big book big books
Shes smart. He is smart. They are smart.
Adjectives generally come before noun.
e.g. Hes got a car.
Adjective like past-participle end in ed.
e.g. open-necked shirt, polished shoes, coloured paper

Comparison of adjectives
- short adjectives
Adjective Comparative Superlative

quiet quieter quietest


New newer newest
Big bigger biggest
early earlier earliest
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large larger largest
young younger youngest
- long adjective
Adjective Comparative Superlative
important more important the most important
less important the least important
comfortable more comfortable the most comfortable
Less comfortable less comfortable the least comfortable
- irregular adjectives
Adjective Comparative Superlative
Good Better The best
Bad/ ill Worse The worst
Far Farther/ further The farthest/ furthest
Many/ much More The most
Little Less The least
Near Nearer The nearest
Old Older/ elder The oldest/ the eldest
The comparative is usually used to compare two things.
E.g. This one is good, but that one is better.
This one is better than that one.
This town is more beautiful than the other.
The superlative used to compare three or more things, but now it is used to
compare two things.
E.g. Of the two, this one is the best.
Its the least expensive car.

Practice:

1. Look at this adjectives ending in ed.

Charmaines a long-legged (adj.), dark-haired (adj.), blue-eyed (adj.) super-


model. Garys a warm-hearted, (adj.) square-jawed (adj.), left-footed (adj.)
international striker. They were in a night club. Charmaine saw Gary and
eyed him up and down, Gary shouldered his way through the crowd. He was
wearing an open-necked (adj.) shirt and a double-breasted (adj.) jacket.
Charmaine was wearing a low-backed (adj.) dress and high-healed (adj.)
shoes. Gary gave her a gap-toothed (adj.) smile, handed her a flower and
asked her to dance. She wasnt a very good dancer and accidentally kneed
Gary in the leg. He backed into a table, open-mouthed (adj.) with surprise.
Gary couldnt play the next Saturday and nobody believed the reason for his
accident.

40
2. When there are two adjectives opinions (lovely, nice, boring) come before
facts (old, plastic, square)
a. a beautiful Italian car
b. an exciting action movie
c. an untidy brown beard
d. smart leather shoes
e. aggressive young people
f. nice cotton trousers

Adverbs of manner, movement and frequency

Adverbs of manner tell us how something is done.


He speaks clearly.
She works quickly and efficiently.
They did it very well.
Some adverbs of manner are formed adding ly to the adjective.
Clear clearly
Bad badly
Nice nicely
There are also irregular adverbs:
Adjective - adverb
Good well
Fast fast
Hard hard

Adverbs of movement show movement in space.


Away n alt parte, poziie sau situaie
Towards spre
Round n jurul
Through prin
Up n sus
Down n jos

Frequency adverbs tell us how often something happens or happened. Time


expressions tell us when something is happening or happened.
Frequency adverbs normally go before the main verb (take, work, see), but
after auxiliary verbs.
Always 100% of the time
Usually, generally, normally most of the time
Often, frequently many times
Sometimes 1-99% of the time
Occasionally only a few times
Seldom, rarely, hardly ever very few times, 0.1 % of the time

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Never 0% of the time

Practice
1.
I speak English slowly.
English people speak quickly.
I often stop when I make a mistake.
You move hands frequently when you are talking.
He sits still when he is listening.
She looks at people carefully when she is listening to them.
2.
Go away!
Come towards me.
She has a walk through the park everyday.
Move round the place and you will find her.
Walk up and down the street and you will feel better.

3.
I always watch TV in the evenings.
I never kiss friends when we meet.
Im rarely tired in the morning.
She generally goes to work by train.
In London, temperatures are hardly ever below 0 C in March.
The flight normally arrives at eleven.

Prepositions of place

It is difficult to know whether a word is a preposition of place or an adverb


of movement. You neednt worry about it. In many books, they are put
together because they have a similar idea.
Above deasupra
Across peste
Along de-a lungul
Behind n spatele
Below dedesubt
Beside lng
Inside nuntru
In front of n faa
Next to lng (foarte aproape)
On pe
Outside nafara

42
Under - sub

Practice
Under the chair there is a mouse.
The striker hits the football and in the next minute it is outside the field.
There is a cat on the sofa.
May I sit next to you?
Wait for me in front of the building.
Inside the arena, the gladiators try hard to win.
Beside the lake there are many daffodils.
Below the building we can see the cars as small as if they were toys.
Along Oxford Street there are a lot of fashionable shops.
Across the wide boulevard the beautiful park turns yellow and red. It is
autumn already.
Margaret Thatchers family used to live above a Bakery shop.

Seeing verbs
Students often confuse the verbs: see, watch and look at.
See tells us about ability either you can see or you cant see. It is almost
never used with a continuous tense (except when it means to meet).
We watch something that is moving: a TV programme, a game, children
playing.
We look at something that is still: a painting, a beautiful view, a magazine.

Practice
Yesterday I had a walk through the park but I didnt see you.
I usually watch TV in the evenings, especially if there is an interesting
film.
May I have a look at this book? It seems interesting.

43
UNIT 6
PERSONAL INFORMATION; CURRICULUM VITAE;
QUESTIONS TYPES

Here is some personal information about two people.

HAMISH: Rosalita? Thats a nice name. Is it Spanish?


ROSALITA: Yes my parents are Mexican.
HAMISH: Really?
ROSALITA: They are from Tampico. They got married there, but they
moved to Texas before I was born.
HAMISH: Where were you born?
ROSALITA: I was born in Houston. Then my father got a job with General
Motors and we moved to Los Angeles when I was about a year old. So I
grew up in California.
ROSALITA: Your names Scottish, isnt it?
HAMISH: Yes, it is. My fathers Scottish and my mother is Irish. She comes
from Dublin. My parents met in England.
ROSALITA: So where were you born. Hamish?
HAMISH: London. I went to school in Westminster. Then I went to
university in Liverpool. And at the moment Im looking for a job.

Practice

Here are some questions to help you find out personal information on
Rosalita and Hamish.
Rosalita
a. Where are her parents from?
b. Where did they get married?
c. When did they move in Texas?
d. Where was she born?
e. Why did they move to Los Angeles?
f. How old was she then?
g. Where did she grow up?
Hamish
a. Where is his father from?

44
b. Where is his mother from?
c. Where did they meet?
d. Where was he born?
e. Where did he go to school?
f. Where did he go to university?

Curriculum Vitae (Your life and skills)

CurriculumVitae [lat] or Resume [Fr.] is a summary of personal information.


The optimum length is two sides of A4, but generally it depends on the job.
Here is a model.

CURRICULUM VITAE
Name: Anthony David Crawford
Date of Birth: 19 February 1971
Present address: Flat 4, Bleak House. 61 Corporation Street. Poole,
Dorset BH 13 3NG
Telephone: 01 202- 176334
Education: 1991-1994
University of Blandford
B.Sc. in Biochemistry
1987-1989
St. Basils School, Swanage
Work experience 1996-present
Fastgro Fertilizers plc. Poole. Research assistant
1994-1996
Sunshine Detergents plc. Swindon. Trainee manager
1993 (summer vacation) Teaching Volleyball at Camp
Granada
New Jersey, USA (childrens summer camp)
Languages: B2 level: French , Latin
(in conformity with EFL there are six levels, from A1 to
C2
A1 elementary, C2 proficient user)
Other skills: Voluntary work:
Save the whales campaign,
1992-present
(area secretary)
Sports: Captain of volleyball team at university
References available on request.

Practice

45
Now these questions will help you to write your CV.
Personal details
name
address
telephone number
(in some countries date of birth, sex and marital status)
Work experience
What is/was your job/ job title?
Where do/ did you work?
When did you work there? (... from to)
What do/ did you do in your job?
(begin the list with recent job)
Personal qualities
Which of these things are you good at doing?
- communicating with people
- using machines
- working with hands
- selling things
- thinking of new ideas
- organizing yourself/ other people/ information
- working by yourself/ in a team
- learning languages
Special skills/ interests
Do you have any special skills or training?
(e.g. word processing/ first aid/ sports)
Do you do any voluntary work or community service?
Do you have any certificates?
Where did you get them?
(e.g. during military service, at an evening class)
Can you drive?
Can you play a musical instrument?
Do you have any hobbies?
What do you like doing in your free time?
Education
What qualifications do you have?
What subjects are you studying? Which schools/ colleges did you attend/ are
you attending?
When were you there?
(begin with recent qualifications)
Languages
Which languages can you speak?
What level are you (EFL)?

46
Questions types
Question formation

Questions with is/ are am/ was/ were


Statement Question
She is tired. Is she tired?
They were early. Were they early?

Questions with modals


Statement Question
They would like one. Would they like one?
He must go. Must he go?
They can swim. Can they swim?
It will rain. Will it rain?

Questions with the auxiliaries do/ do/ did


Statement Question
He likes tennis. Does he like tennis?
They live there. Do they live there?
She went home. Did she go home?
Question tags
Questions tags are used when we expect the listener to agree with us or
confirm the correctness of what we are saying. Question tags agree
grammatically with the main part of the sentence.
Its a nice day, isnt it?
She knew him, didnt she?
It wasnt right, was it?
You dont study French, do you?
Closed questions
Purpose of question: checking information
Type of response: Yes/ No response
Short closed question:
Did you work in France?
Tag question:
You worked in France, didnt you?
Statement with question intonation:
You worked in France?
Statement with So/ I see:
So/ I see you worked in France.
Information questions
Purpose of questions: asking for specific information

47
Type of response: Yes/ No response: limited response
Short closed questions:
Did you work in France?
Long closed question:
Did you work in France or (did you work) in Germany?
Wh question:
Where did you work last year?
Indirect questions:
Can you tell me where you worked last year?
Open questions
Purpose of question: communication
Type of response: open response/ free response
Open Wh- question:
How did you feel about working in France?
What did you think of France?
What things did you like about working in France?
Totally open questions:
Can you tell me about yourself?
What is the meaning of life?

Practice

The following questions may be used to ask anything about any object.
External appearance
What is it?
What does it look like?
What colour is it?
What does it feel/ smell/ sound like?

Size/ weight
How long is it?
How wide is it?
How big is it?
How much does it weigh?
Construction
Whats it made of?
Is it made of natural or synthetic materials?
Who made it?
Was it made by hand?
Was it made by machine?
Function
Whats it for?

48
What do we do with it?
Age
Is it new/ modern/ old?
How old is it?
When was it made?
Origin
Where does it come from?
Wheres it from?
Who does it belong to?
Whose is it?
Where was it made?
Where did the materials come from?
Value
Is it valuable?
How much does /did it cost?
What is it worth?
Design
Is it well designed?
Is it decorated or plain?
How can you make it better?
Opinion
Do you like it?
Would you like one of these?
Is this example a good (one) or a bad one)

UNIT 7
49
INTERVIEW FOR A JOB
PAST SIMPLE AND
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE

An interview
Saying the wrong thing
1.
Ms Driscoll Lets get straight to the point. Why do you want this job?
Interviewee 1 Well, I read the advertisement and the salary is much better
than Im earning now.
Ms. Driscoll Is the money important to you?
Interviewee 1 Oh, yeah! Its important to everyone, isnt it? But its not just
that. I believe you have a lot of hotels in the Caribbean and the far East, and
that employees can get cheap holidays there

2.
Ms. Driscoll Ah, I see from your resume that youve won several gold
medals for ballroom dancing.
Interviewee 2 Yes, thats right.
Ms Driscoll And youve been to several countries for competitions,
including Japan.
Interviewee 2 Yes I have.
Ms Driscoll Mm. What did you think of Japan?
Interviewee 2 It was very nice.
Ms Driscoll Would you like to work abroad?
Interviewee2 Uh... I dont know.

3.
Ms Driscoll Are you still working at the Whitbury Hotel?
Interviewee 3 Yes, I am. But I want to leave.
Ms Driscoll Why is that?
Interviewee 3 The hotel isnt doing very well, and there are a lot of
problems. Business is down.
Ms Driscoll What are the problems?

50
Interviewee 3 The restaurant manger is absolutely useless. There have been
so many complaints from guests! Last Saturday, this woman came into
reception and she told me

4.
Ms Driscoll Do you enjoy meeting people?
Interviewee 4 Mm. Yeah, its very interesting to umyou knowI enjoy
meeting, um, different peopleyou know what I mean. They are all kind of,
uh, solikeumwell, uminteresting

5.
Ms Driscoll Youve worked in a bank for two years. Why are you interested
in hotel reception work?
Interviewee 5 Well, I like meeting people and I have a lot of friends who
work in the tourist industry. In fact, my friend Michael has just come back
from Spain. He has a tour guide in Granada. Hes told me so much about the
tourist industry. Granada is getting very popular now. You can fly there from
Barcelona and Madrid
Ms Driscoll Do you speak any foreign languages?
Interviewee 5 No, but Michael speaks brilliant Spanish and hes going to
teach me.

Practice

6.
Ms Driscoll Why have you had five different jobs during the last year?
Interviewee 6 Ive had a lot of bad luck recently. Stupid things, really. One
of the jobs was a long way from home, and my car broke down. Things like
that you know.
Ms Driscoll Oh I see
Interviewee 6 Yeah, and then I was training to be a flight attendant, but I had
motion sickness

7.
Ms Driscoll and there are any questions youd like to ask me?
Interviewee 7 Uh, no. I cant think of anything.
Ms Driscoll Would you enjoy working in reception?
Interviewee 7 I dont know. I think so. I dont know much about it.

51
PAST SIMPLE
- Timpul trecut simplu (Past simple) exprim o actiune trecut i terminat
ntr-un anumit moment din trecut, bine definit.
e.g. When I was sixteen, I married Hubert.
Yesterday I was at home.
- Momentul trecut, bine definit poate fi exprimat fie printr-un adverb de
timp, fie printr-o propozitie ce face referire la trecut.
e.g. I worked from 6.00 a.m. until 10.00 p.m.
-yesterday
-last year
-when I was young
-in 1940
Alte expresii:
-last night
-last Saturday
-last week
-last month
-last year
-yesterday morning
-yesterday afternoon
-yesterday evening
- Timpul Trecut simplu se folosete pentru a povesti ceva:
e.g. Once upon a time there lived a king who had eleven sons and one
daughter.
- Din punctul de vedere al formelor lor de baz, verbele se impart in dou
categorii: verbe regulate (a) si verbe neregulate (b) regular, irregular verbs.
a. Verbele regulate formeaza Trecutul simplu prin adaugarea
terminaiei ed:
e.g. work + ed; want + ed; help + ed; wash + ed.
bake + d ; like + d ; use + d.
- Verbele alctuite dintr-o singur silab, si care au ca terminaie o consoan,
dubleaz consoana :
e.g. stop + ped ; plan + ned ; grab + bed.
-Verbele bisilabice, dubleaz consoana dac accentul cade pe a doua silab:
e.g. pre `fer +red; ad` mit + ted.
- Dar nu se dubleaz dac accentul cade pe prima silab:
e.g. enter +ed ; visit +ed
- Verbele care au terminaia -y, precedat de o consoana, -y -i+ed
e.g. carri + ed ; cri + ed ; tri + ed ; studi + ed
- dar y nu se schimb dac este precedat de vocal:
e.g. play + ed

52
b.Forma de Trecut simplu ale verbelor neregulate o gsim intr-un tabel:

IRREGULAR VERBS
PAST PARTICIPLE
BASE PAST TRANSLATI
FORM SIMPLE ON
be was/were Been a fi
become became Become a deveni
begin began Begun a ncepe
break broke Broken a sparge
bring brought brought a aduce
build built Built a construi
buy bought Bought a cumpra
can could been able a fi capabil
catch caught Caught a prinde
choose chose Chosen a alege
come came Come a veni
cost cost Cost a costa
cut cut Cut a taia
do did Done a face
drink drank Drunk a bea
drive drove Driven a conduce
eat ate Eaten a mnca
fall fell Fallen a cdea
feel felt Felt a simi
fight fought Fought a lupta
find found Found a gsi
fly flew Flown a zbura
forget forget forgotten, forgot a uita
get got Got a ajunge
give gave Given a obine,
go went Gone a pleca
grow grew Grown a crete
have had Had a avea
hear heard Heard a auzi
hit hit Hit a lovi
keep kept Kept a pstra
know knew Known a ti,
learn learnt/learne learnt/learned a nvaa
d
leave left Left a pleca,
lose lost Lost a pierde
make made Made a face
53
pay paid Paid a plti
put put Put a pune
read[ri : d] read [red] read [red] a citi
ride rode ridden a clri
run ran Run a alerga
say said Said a spune
see saw Seen a vedea
sell sold Sold a vinde
send sent Sent a trimite
shut shut Shut a nchide
sing sang sung a cnta
sit sat Sat a se aeza
sleep slept slept a dormi
speak spoke spoken a vorbi
spend spent spent a cheltui, a
petrece
stand stood stood a sta n picioare
steal stole stolen a fura
swim swam swum a innota
take took taken a lua
tell told Told a spune, a
povesti
think thought thought a gndi, a crede
understand understood understood a nelege
wake woke woken a se trezi
wear wore worn a purta
win won Won a ctiga
write wrote written a scrie
- La timpul trecut verbele au aceeai form pentru toate persoanele, general
vorbind :

Affirmative (Afirmativ) Question (Interogativ)


I worked Did I work ?
You worked Did you work ?
He/she/it worked Did he/she/it work ?
We/you/they worked Did we/you/they work ?

Negative (Negativ)
I did not work.
You did not work.
He / she /it did not work.
54
We / you / they did not work.

Forma scurt didnt se folosete cu precdere n vorbire i n stilul


familiar (informal style).
Verbul auxiliar To be are dou forme:

Affirmative Question
I was Was I ?
You were Were you ?
He / she / it was Was he/she/it ?
We / you / they were Were we/you/they ?

Negative
I was not
You were not
He / she / it was not
We / you / they were not

Formele scurte (contrase) se folosesc in vorbire si in stilul familiar.


Were not - werent
Was not - wasnt
Rspunsuri scurte (short answers)
Did you do your homework yesterday? Yes, I did.
No, I didnt.
Were you at school yesterday? Yes, I was.
No, I wasnt.

PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE


e.g. Ive worked here for ten years.
Have you ever been to America?
Cei care studiaz limba englez gsesc acest timp extrem de
dificil. Forma lui seamn cu cea a multor timpuri din limbile romanice, dar
ceea ce exprim este cu totul diferit.
Alegerea ntre Present Perfect sau Past Simple, Present Perfect sau
Present Simple nu se refer la timp.

e.g. Ive worked as a barman.


I worked as a barman.

Ambele propoziii se refer la aceeai aciune din trecut. Alegerea


se refer ns la aspect, adic, la modul n care vorbitorul percepe aciunea.
Astfel prima propoziie se refer la experiena de via a cuiva, prin urmare

55
momentul cnd s-a petrecut aciunea nu este important. Present Perfect leag
trecutul de prezent. In cea de-a doua propoziie, ne ateptm ca o expresie de
timp s ne precizeze cnd exact se petrece aciunea.
e.g. I worked as a barman when I was in France.
1. Care este forma?
- subiect + have + participiu trecut (past participle)

POSITIVE ( AFIRMATIV) I have seen the queen.


You have seen the queen.
We have seen the queen.
They have seen the queen.
Forma scurt: ve = have
He has worked before.
She has worked before.
It has worked before.
Forma scurt: s = has

Question (interogativ) Where have I worked before?


Where have you worked before?
Where have we worked before?
Where have they worked before?

Where has he worked before?


Where has she worked before?

Negative (negativ) I have not finished yet.


You have not finished yet.
We have not finished yet.
They have not finished yet.

He has not finished yet.


She has not finished yet.
It has not finished yet.

Forme scurte: hasnt = has not; havent = have not.


Rspunsuri scurte: A: Have you done your homework?
B: Yes, I have.
A: Has he arrived yet?
B: No, he hasnt?
2. Cnd utilizm Present Perfect Simple?
A.Unifinished Past (trecut neterminat): Present Perfect Simple se
folosete pentru o aciune care a nceput n trecut i mai continu nc.

56
e.g. I have been a teacher for ten years.
He has had a car since he was 18.
Expresii de timp: - for (ten years, two weeks, half an hour, ages) +
perioada;
- since (August, last year, Christmas, 8.00) + momentul.
B. Experience (experiena): Present Perfect Simple se folosete pentru o
aciune care s-a petrecut n trecut i este ncheiat, dar pe noi nu ne
intereseaz cnd, ci ne intereseaz experiena de via a cuiva. De notat este
faptul c dac sunt date mai multe detalii, atunci timpul se schimb n Past
Tense.

e.g. Have you ever been in a car crash?


I have never been to Paris.
dar
A: Have you ever had a car accident?
B: Yes, I have.
A: When did it happen?
B: In 1979. I was driving down a road when a car came out in front
of me.

C. Present Result (rezultat prezent): Present Perfect Simple se refer la o


aciune trecut, dar al crei rezultat are loc n prezent.

e.g. The taxi has arrived. (It is outside the house now.)
She has broken her leg. (That is why she cannot walk.)

3. Cu ce alte expresii de timp se mai folosete?


- already (deja): e.g. We have already talked about Present Perfect
Simple.
- just (tocmai): e.g. The teacher has just entered the classroom.
- yet (nc): e.g. Havent you finished eating yet?
- recently (recent): e.g. They have recently moved into a new house.
- lately (n ultima vreme): e.g. Have you seen him lately?

4. Cum se formeaz Past Participle (participiu trecut)?


n cazul verbelor regulate (regular verbs), participiul se formeaz la fel
ca i trecutul (Past Simple), adugnd ed.
e.g.-to work; worked
n cazul verbelor neregulate (irregular verbs), participiul trecut este
forma a treia din tabelul verbelor neregulate.

PRESENT PERFECT VERSUS SIMPLE PAST

57
When we say that something has happened, we are thinking about the
present and the past at the same time. The action started in the past, but there
is a result or consequence in the present:
Ive lost my purse. (Present perfect)
We know that the action losing the purse was in the past, but there is a
consequence in the present (you dont have the purse now).
If you say I lost my purse (past simple) we dont know that the consequence
is now. Maybe you dont have the purse, maybe you found it later and you
have it now; the sentence gives us no information about now.

Practice

Questions with Present Perfect


- How many jobs have you had/ schools have you been to?
- How long have you had your present job/ been at your present school?
- How many job interviews have you had?
- Have you ever worked in a hotel?
- Have you ever used your English at work?
- Have you ever been abroad?
- Have you ever been to an English-speaking country?

Questions with Past Simple


Assessing an interview questionnaire
Which of the expressions did the applicant have during the interview?
Always the same
Shy
Nervous
Bored
Friendly
Interested
Unhappy
Worried
How confident was the applicant?
Over-confident
Confident
Quite confident
Not al all confident
How often did the applicant smile during the interview?
All the time
Often
Hardly ever
Not at all

58
How was the applicant sitting during the interview?
Still
Moving a lot
Leaning forward
Leaning back
Did the applicant do any of these things?
Touching hair or clothes
Folding arms
Crossing legs
Waving hands
Showing the palms of the hands
Avoiding eye contact
Mirroring the interviewers body language
How did the applicant speak? You can tick more than one box.
Spoke clearly
Didnt speak too loudly or too quietly
Didnt speak too quickly or too slowly
Answered questions well
Used good vocabulary
Sounded interested and enthusiastic
How often did the applicant say err or uh or um (or similar things)?
Frequently
Quite often
Occasionally
Hardly ever

MORE PRACTICE

59
1. Complete the text with the verbs: look, feel, taste, smell.
a. Her perfumelike summer flowers.
b. Put a shell to your ear. It..like the sea.
c. Ergh! The water from the kitchen tap.like water from a swimming
pool!
d. That woman is very good-looking. She..like Princess Diana.
e. The cardigans very soft. It..like 100% wool, but it isnt. its
acrylic.

2. Choose the right word.


a. You should read this book. Its very interested/ interesting.
a. I always feel very relaxing/ relaxed after a hot bath.
b. She is very depressed/ depressing after she failed her exams.
c. The journey was very long and tiring/ tired.
d. His behaviour is very embarrassing/ embarrassed when hes drunk.
e. She was surprised/ surprising when she won 10,000 in the lottery.
f. Their parents were very annoying/ annoyed with them.

3. Complete the spaces:


a. A man with long hair is a long-haired man.
b. A carpet that someone fits into a room is a
c. An egg that someone has boiled is a ..
d. A programme that someone has recorded is a .
e. A woman with blue eyes is a .
f. A car that someone designed well is ..

4. Complete the spaces with adverbs:


a. Shes a good singer. She sings.
b. They work They are hard workers.
c. Hes a bad driver. He drives .
d. I walk .Im a fast walker.
e. Theyre a loud band. They play .

5. Write a list of five things that you and your partner have. Compare
them.
E.g. My pen is less expensive than her pen, but its newer.

6. Put appropriate frequency adverbs into the correct places in the


sentences below.
a. The sun rises in the east.
b. Ive been to Antarctica.

60
c. It rains in England.
d. It rains in the Sahara Desert.
e. TV programmes are violent.
f. I am late for work.
g. I drink tea.

7. Underline the verbs of perception in this text, then circle the


adjectives after each of them.
Big Muddy River are a rock group. Their new album sounds great! They
look good, too. I feel relaxed when I listen to them. My favourite musician is
the guitarist. He seems very shy, and he looks young.

8. Object pronouns are: me/ you/ her/ him/ it/ us/ them.
Put object pronouns into the spaces.
a. Thats my pen! Give it to ..
b. Mr. and Mrs Gray? I dont know
c. Shes very nice. I like
d. Jenny and I will be in the coffee shop at 11 oclock. Can you
meet there?
e. I cant find my book. I put over there somewhere.
f. Id like to phone later. Are you going to be at home?

9. Choose the correct verbs.


a. can you see/ watch/ look at my car? Theres something wrong with the
engine.
b. Its very dark in here. I cant see/ watch/ look at anything!
c. Sorry, can I phone you later? Im seeing/ looking at/ watching the news on
TV.
d. Please see/ watch/ look at the board, said the teacher.
e. Ow! Theres something in my eye. Can you see/ watch/ look at what it is?

10. Answer the following questions about the text Keep your distance.
1. Who stand close when theyre asking question?
2. How do we feel when somebody stands or sits too close?
3. Who stands closer people in big cities or people in small towns?
4. Who stands the closest?
5. How far do people in India stand or sit?
6. What about Britain, Australia and North America?
7. And Japan, Denmark and Brazil?
8. Can you explain why some cultures say about others that they are cold and
unfriendly, while other cultures say there are assertive and aggressive
cultures?

61
11. Use the suitable gesture.
Sit down!
Stay back I dont want trouble.
You, yes you!
Do you want a punch in the nose?
Sorry, I cant hear!
She cant stop talking! Talk, talk!
No! No way! Im not going to do it!
I really dont understand at all.
Who? Me?

12.Choose the correct form of the verb.


a. She buys/ bought a CD yesterday.
b. They see/saw seen the film last night.
c. We come/ came to school early today.
d. He washes/ washed his hair before he went to the party.
e. I fly/ flew/ flown to New York last year.
f. We finish/ finished work an hour ago.
g. My test mark was 83% because I know/ known/ knew a lot of the answers.

13. Choose the correct form of the verb.


a. Have you ever been/ went/ go to Texas?
b. He have/ has never been to Canada.
c. Have/ Has/ Had they finished yet?
d. Shes lived in China for/ since five years.
e. Weve yet/ just heard the news.
f. Ive often see/ saw/ seen it on TV.
g. Ive already/ yet eaten it.
h. They hasnt / havent done it yet.
i. Have you do/ done / did everything yet?

14. Complete already, ever, never, yet.


a. We havent finished unit three
b. Have you .been to Canada?
c. Shes only fourteen, and shes .studied five languages.
d. No, hes.been to France
e. Has your company.exported goods to Britain?
f. Ive ..applied for three jobs, but no one has replied.

15Put the words in the correct order.


a. journey?/ you/ Did/ good/ a /have
b. long/ company?/ your/ How/ you/ for/ have/ worked/ present
c. you/ speak? many/ languages/ do/ How

62
d. operate/ you/ computer?/ Can/ a Macintosh
e. processing?/ word/ Have/ studied/ you
f. college?/ you did/ When/ leave
g. us/ you/ Would/ to/ any/ like/ questions?/ ask

16Choose the correct word.


a. Paul McCartney and John Lennon was/ were/ are born in Liverpool.
b. Her parents got/ get/ are married in Scotland.
c. When did you leave/ to leave/ left school?
d. Which schools have/ are/ did you attend?
e. He didnt/ wasnt/ dont go to university.
f. Are you good at working with/ by/ at yourself?
g. Shes got a diploma in computer studies, has/ hasnt/ isnt she?
h. You didnt learn to type, did/ isnt/ didnt you?
i. Have you ever go/ been/ went to England?
j. How many jobs has/ did/ have he had?
k. Ive never/always/ never been to New Zeeland.
l. What do you do by/ for/ during your free time?
m. She spoke quietly but confidently/ confident/ confiding.
n. How often/ long/ much time have you had your present job?
o. John F. Kennedy has died/ died/ dying in 1963.
p. Kennedys ancestors were fro an Irishman/ Ireland/ Irish.
q. Can you spell/ spelling/ to spell your last name, please?
r. Walk is regular/ irregular/ a verb in the past tense.
s. Done is the past simple/ past participle/ present perfect of do.

17. Write your CV.

18. Make 10 questions about personal information and then answer


them.

UNIT 8
LONDON AND NEW YORK

63
Read the following text:
London
The capital city of England and the United Kingdom lies on the River
Thames, which winds through the city. Its many bridges are a famous sight.
The oldest is London Bridge, originally made of wood but rebuilt in stone
in 1217. The most distincitve is Tower Bridge, which was designed to
blend in with the nearby Tower of London. The Tower which is guarded by
the Yeoman Warders, was built in the 11th century. In the medieval period
London grew rapidly in size and importance. Westminster Abbey and the
Guildhall date from this time, and the Palace of Westminster became the
meeting place of Parliament. In 1666 many buildings were destroyed in the
Fire of London. This provided an oportunity for architects like Cristopher
Wren to redesign much of the city. As Londons population increased, new
streets, squares and parks were added, and many public buildings. London
was heavily bombed in World War II, after which a new cycle of rebuiding
began.
London is a busy commercial and cultural centre. Many important financial
organizations, including the Bank of England and the Stock Exchange, are
located in the area called the City. Part of the old port in east London has
been redeveloped as a business centre, called Docklands. In the West End
there are theatres, cinemas, museums and shops. Many people who work in
London commute by train or bus from the suburbs because buying a house
or flat near the centre is very expensive. Differents parts of the city are
linked by the famous red London buses, black taxi cabs and the London
Underground, often called the Tube.
People from all over the world have been attracted to London and it is now a
cosmopolitan, multicultural city. People from other parts of Britain
sometimes think that it is very noisy and dirty. Many go there only for the
bright lights the theatres round Shaftesbury Avenue or the shops of
Oxford Street. Others take their children to see the sights, such as
Buckingham Palace, where the Queen lives, and the clock tower from
which Big Ben sounds the hours. Young people are attracted to the bars and
comedy clubs of Covent Garden, to live music concerts, and to live music
concerts, and to the stalls of Camden market. Ever since 2000 many people
have been visiting the Millennium Dome, a very large structure with a
round roof designed for exibitions, built on the occasion of the 21st century,
opened to the public on 1st January 2000 until 31st December 2000. It is
now the O2, a large entertainment district including an indoor arena, a music
club, a cinema, an exhibition space, pizzas and bars and restaurants.

Practice:

64
1. Find the answers for these questions.
1. Where does London lie?
.
2. Name two of its most famous bridges.
.
3. When was the Tower of London built?
.
4. What other old buildings can you name?

5. Name two financial organizations that are located in the City?

6. What is the name of the business centre?


..
7. Why people working in London commute by train or by bus from the
suburbs?

8. What sights are the different categories of visitors interested in?

9. What is Millennium Dome?

10. When was it built and why?

2. In no more than 100 words (10 minutes) speak about our capital
city including information like facts about its important sights, its
history, something which in your opinion is worth visiting.
3. Summarize the text about London in no more than 150 words.

Read the following text:


NEW YORK
There is a great sense of excitement in New York and it has a reputation for
being the city that never sleeps. The Big Apple, as it is sometimes called,
feels alive, fast and at the centre of everything, with cars hooting, yellow
taxis weaving through the traffic, brightly lit theatres and restaurants busy

65
late into the night. The city offers enormous contrasts. Some of the most
expensive homes in the world are in New York City, but on the pavements
outside are poor people without a home. It is possible to pay hundreds of
dollars for a meal in a restaurant or eat good filling food for a couple of
dollars from a street vendor.
Many Americans have never been to New York, but everyone knows
something about the city. They are familiar with the tall Manhattan skyline,
Times Square with its brightly lit advertisements, Madison Square
Garden, where many sports events take place, Wall Street, its financial
heart, the Empire State Building, the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island
where many of their ancestors first arrived in the US.
New York was founded in 1624 by the Dutch who called it New
Amsterdam. Its Dutch origins can be seen in the names of old New York
families like Stuyvesant and Vanderbilt, and in the place names such as
Brooklyn (originally Breukelen) and Harlem. In 1664 the English gained
control and changed the name to New York. In 1898 several towns were
combined to make Greater New York City, which became the second largest
city in the world after London, though at the time part of it consisted of
farms. Soon after, many buildings were constructed, and in 1904 the New
York subway was opened.
Many immigrants to the US stayed in New York, giving the city the variety
of cultures it has today. During the 1920s New York had many speakeasies
(= bars serving alcohol), which were illegal but very popular. This was also
the time of the Harlem Renaissance, when Harlem became a centre for
African American arts and culture. In the latter half of the century wealthier
people began moving out to the suburbs. Today there are about 7 million
people in the city and 18 million in the area around it.
New Yorkers speak in a very direct way which can seem rude to people from
other parts of the US. Some have little patience with visitors who are not
used to the fast pace of the city. But for many visitors, meeting real, rude
New Yorkers is part of the attraction of going to the city.

Practice (1):
1. Make questions for the following answers.
1..?
Other names used to call New York are the city that never sleeps and Big
Apple.
2. ?

66
It is called like this because it feels alive, fast and it is the centre of
everything.
3...?
It is the city of contrasts because here you can find the most expensive
homes in the world and poor people on the pavements, you can pay hundreds
of dollars for a meal in a restaurant or eat good, filling food for a couple of
dollars from a street vendor.
4.?
Some of the well-known places in New York are: Manhattan skyline, Times
Square, Madison Square Gardens, Wall Street, Empire State Building, the
Statue of Liberty, Ellis Island.
5?
The city was founded by the Dutch in 1624 who called it New Amsterdam.
6. ..?
We can see the Dutch origins of the city in the names of old families in New
York, Stuyvesant and Vanderbilt and also in place names, Brooklyn and
Harlem.
7?
The English called it New York in 1664.
8.?
In 1898 it became Greater New York City, the second largest city in the
world after London and the New York subway was opened in1904.
9. ..?
New York has 7 million inhabitants in the city and 18 million in the suburbs.
10...?
New Yorkers are direct, even rude but for the visitors they are part of the
attraction of going to the city.

2. In no more than 150 words speak about the Big Apple.


3. Have you ever visited a city in another country? Write about it or
about a city in Romania in no more than 100 words (10 minutes). Try to
include information like: important places to visit, things connected to
its history, things connected to the people and others.
4. Match the words and their definitions.
1. hoot To go or make a path by

67
moving quickly and changing
direction often, especially to
avoid things
3. pavement road for people to walk on
4. street vendor the fast rate or speed of
something
5. ancestor (of people or their behaviour)
showing no respect or
consideration
6. subway to sound the horn of a vehicle
7. suburb a person who sells food or
small items from a stall in the
open air
8. rude (US) an underground railway in
a city
9. pace any of the people from whom
somebody is descended
10. filling food a district away from the centre
of a town or city

5. Match the words with their definitions.


Wind collection of things shown publicly
Yeoman places of interests in a town or city
Yeomen Warder travel regularly by bus, train or car
between ones home and ones work
Commute containing or influenced by people
all over the world
Suburb situated, done or used inside a
building
Sights to follow a curving or twisting course
Stall British kings or queens bodyguards
Cosmopolitan a farmer that owned and worked his
own land
indoor a district away from the centre of a
city or town
exhibition small shop with an open front from
which things are sold in a market

68
UNIT 9
THE BRITISH AND THE AMERICAN PEOPLES

Read the following text:

THE BRITISH PEOPLE


The United Kingdom consists of four nations, England, Wales,
Scotland and Northern Ireland, each with its own special character. Welsh

69
and Scottish people feel their national identity very strongly, and value their
cultural heritage. In Wales the Welsh language is used alongside English, and
in Scotland over 75 000 people speak Gaelic. There are also many people of
Asian, West Indian and African origin living in Britain, who retain some of
their formal loyalties and cultural traditions.
Until recently, British politics tended to be dominated by England, but
both Wales and Scotland now have their own political assemblies, as well as
continued representation in the British parliament. In Ireland nationalism has
been complicated by religious and political loyalties. Pressure for Irish
independence grew during the 19th century and finally led to independence
for the south of Ireland in 1921. Northern Ireland remained part of the
United Kingdom, a cause of the recent Troubles. After many years of
violence a Northern Ireland Assembly was set up in 1998.
Although people move around the country to study or find work,
national and regional rivalries based on traditional stereotypes can still be
found. The most significant division in England is the North-South Divide. It
is primarily an economic division between the richer south, particularly the
area around London, and the poorer north. Some Londoners dismiss the
whole of England north of London as the provinces where, they believe,
there is little culture. The south likes to think that it is more sophisticated and
more outward-looking. But the north can claim many positive things such as
beautiful countryside, a less pressured lifestyle and often cheaper housing.
Northerners are also said to be more cheerful and friendly than the
southerners. Rural north Wales tends to be more traditional than the
industrial south, where English influence is stronger. In Scotland, Highland
people traditionally regarded form Lowlands as untrustworthy and weak.
Lowlanders believed Highlanders were more aggressive and less civilized.
Perhaps the greatest unifying factor between the two has been a dislike of
Sassenachs (= English people).
For many British people the ideal place to live is a village set in
attractive countryside. To those living in towns, villages conjure up images
of peace, a slow pace of life, pretty cottages and a country pub. But living in
a village may be inconvenient, especially for people without a car, as many
village shops have been forced to close and public transport services are
limited. Most people now live in towns, in city suburbs or in larger villages
which have become dormitory communities for nearby towns.
Some cities, such as Bath, Chester, York and London, are very old.
New Castle, Manchester and Birmingham are industrial towns which have
good and bad times according to the changing patterns of industry. New
towns like Milton Keynes were built to relieve overcrowding in older cities.
Aberdeen, Glasgow, Swansea, Bristol and Liverpool all developed as ports.

70
Important industries in Britain today include gas and oil production
from the North Sea, engineering, pharmaceuticals, textile manufacture, food
processing, electronics, tourism and insurance. Along the coasts fishing is an
important source of income. Coal mining is now much less widespread than
before. Much of the coal produced is used in power stations to generate
electricity. The main centres of the steel industry are in south Wales, northern
England and the Midlands. Factories are often located together on an
industrial estate on the edge of a town. Many service industries are still
based in or near London, but modern telecommunications have allowed
companies to move to places where rents are cheaper and there are people
needing jobs.

Practice
1. Find the questions for these answers.
1.?
The United Kingdom consists of England, Wales, Scotland and Northern
Ireland.
2. ?
The Welsh people speak Welsh alongside with English whereas the Scots
speak Gaelic alongside English.
3?
Politically speaking, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland have their own
assemblies and the south of Ireland gained its freedom in 1921.
4..?
Nowadays there are still rivalries between north and south, principally based
on economic reasons.
5. ..?
The southerners think they are more sophisticated and more outward-looking
whereas the northerners are said to be more cheerful and friendly.
6. ?
The southerners are more industrial and the northerners are more traditional.
7?
The greatest unifying factor between Lowlanders and Highlanders is that
they dislike English people.
8. .?
Most of the British people prefer living in a village, but living in a country
may sometimes be inconvenient especially for people without a car.
9?
Some important industries in Britain are gas and oil production, from the
North Sea, engineering, pharmaceuticals, textile manufacture, food
processing, electronics, tourism and insurance or fishing along the coasts.
10.?

71
Many service industries are based in or near London, but the
telecommunications allowed companies to move to places where the rent is
cheaper.

2. Speak about the Romanian people in about 100 words (10 minutes).

3. Now write about the Romanian people under the same coordinates
100 words.

Read the following text:


AMERICAN HOMES
In the US there is plenty of space, except in big cities, so many houses
are large and have a lot of garden around them. Most are detached (= not
joined to another house), but there are also duplexes, which are similar to
British semi-detached houses. Ranch-style houses are built on one floor only.
Mansions are very large houses where rich people live.
Some types of houses are associated with certain parts of the country.
New York City, for instance, is famous for its brownstones, tall, narrow
buildings named after the material used to build them. New England has
clapboard houses, and in some cities there are row houses, similar to British
terraces. In the Midwest there are many wooden frame houses with pointed
roofs. The South has large wooden houses built before the Civil War in the
antebellum style.
Many Americans prefer to live in suburbs rather than in a city centre,
in order to have a pleasant environment and plenty of space. They often live
on housing developments, areas where all the houses were built at the same
time and are similar in style. Most of the 97 million households in the US
have a home with at least five rooms and more than one bathroom. Most also
have a front yard (= garden) and a back yard.
In the cities many people rent an apartment in an apartment building.
Apartments usually have no more than three bedrooms, and are often rented
furnished. An apartment with only one room may be called a studio or a loft.
A building in which the apartments are owned by the people who live in
them is called a condominium or, in some places, a co-op.
Poor people may live in apartments in tenements (= large old buildings) in
the downtown area of a city, in small, very basic houses or in mobile homes.
Despite the name, many people keep their mobile home in a trailer park and
never move it.
A typical US house has two storeys or floors. Upstairs there are
several bedrooms and at least one bathroom. The parents share the master
bedroom, which may have its own bathroom attached. Children often have

72
their own bedrooms. Extra rooms are used as a study or playroom or as guest
bedrooms. Downstairs there is a kitchen, a living room and a dining room.
There is usually also a bathroom or a half bath, which has only a toilet and
sink (BrE washbasin). Many houses have a porch (= covered area outside
the house) where people sit when the weather is hot. Americans take pride in
their homes and like to show visitors round.
Bedrooms are usually considered the private space of the people who
sleep in them, and children are allowed a great deal of freedom in their
bedrooms. Parents usually knock before entering. Children are given the
responsibility of cleaning their rooms, and the right to decide when that is
necessary. This often leads to disagreement between parents and children.
In summer screens are put in doorways and windows, which allow
fresh air to come in but keep insects out. Most houses have air-conditioning.
In winter screens are replaced with glass storm doors and storm windows to
keep the cold out. Central heating is standard, but many houses have also
fireplaces where wood can be burned.
Americans often move home from one city to another. Finding a new
place to live is not difficult, except when moving to a very large city. It is
usually possible to find an apartment to rent one day and to move into it the
next.
About 65% of US homes are owned by the people who live in them.
The costs of buying and selling are relatively low. People thinking of buying
a house ask a real estate agent or realtor, to show them several houses. When
they decide on one, they discuss the price with the people who are selling it,
and then arrange a mortgage (= loan) with a bank.
People look different kinds of homes at different points in their lives.
Students and young professional people tend to live in apartments near city
centres. When people get married and have children they often move out of
the city and buy a house in a suburb. In most suburbs it is possible to tell
how much money people have by the size of their houses and yards. In some
parts of the US it is also possible to guess the racial background of the
person living in a house. Although it is illegal to practise racial
discrimination, there is still segregation in many cities since white people
tend to live in some areas and black people in others.

Practice:

1. Find the answers to these questions.


1. Describe the houses in US and enumerate some types of houses.

73
2. There are types of houses associated with certain parts of the country.
Enumerate some of them.
3. Why do some Americans prefer living in the suburbs?

4. What do people do in the cities?

5. How do the poor people live?

6. How does a typical American house look like?

7. What is a porch?

8. What is childrens responsibility and their right regarding their bedroom?

9. Do the Americans find difficult to move in another home or city?

10. What kind of homes do people look for?

2. Speak about Romanian houses.

4. Write a paragraph to describe your house or flat.

5. Find the suitable explanation for these words.


duplex room or space directly under the roof
clapboard - US a large building with apartments or
rooms rented cheaply
suburb a buiding divided into two homes
loft a fixed or movable structure used for
dividing a room, concealing sth.,
protecting sb., smth
condominium BE - weatherboard, each of a series
of boards fixed so that they overlap
on the side of a building to protect it
from wind and rain
tenement the action of segregating isolating -
people or things
screen person whose job is to sell houses or
land for others
fireplace an open space for a fire in a room
real estate agent/ realtor block of flats, each of which is
owned by the person who lives in it
segregation a district away from the centre of a
74
city or town

6. Match the words with their definitions:


consist in contrast to ones feelings (about
expressions and actions)
loyalty a fixed idea, image, etc. that many
people have of a particular type of
thing, but which is often not true in
reality
rivalry to consider sb/ sth not worth thinking
or talking about
stereotype found or distributed over a large area
or number of people
dismiss to be composed of something
sophisticated the quality of being true and faithful
in ones support of sb/ sth.
outward the state of being rival
untrustworthy having or showing a lot of
experience of the world and social
situations
overcrowding the state of having too many people
in one place
Widespread that cannot be trusted; not reliable

75
UNIT 10
SHOPS AND SHOPPING

Read this text to find out information on shopping.

SHOPS AND SHOPPING


For many people in both Britain and the US shopping is a popular
leisure activity. Women, especially, may let a shopping trip fill an entire day.
People often go window shopping without intending to buy anything, and
may be tempted into buying goods that they do not really need. Other
people, especially men, consider shopping tedious.
Two expressions, the customer is king and the customer is always
right, show how Americans, and to a lesser extent British people, expect to
be treated when they shop. People like to look around freely, touch things

76
and try clothes on. Book stores have comfortable chairs where people can sit
and read, and often also have a caf. People expect to have a wide choice of
goods, and most stores have several different makes and brands of each item.
Price is also important. People look for special offers or wait to buy
something is a sale, when the prices of most goods are reduced. Some people
cut coupons out of newspapers and magazines to get money off products.
Most stores give a high priority to customers comfort and convenience,
because they want to make it easy and fun for them to spend their time and
money in the store.
Years ago, every British town had a range of small shops, including a
grocer, a butcher, a greengrocer and a newsagent. Many of these specialist
shops have gone out of business because large supermarkets or superstores,
such as Sainsburys and Tesco, can change lower prices. Many supermarkets
are on the edge of town and people need a car to get them. People who do
not own a car may find shopping difficult. Some villages still have a post
office and general store, and in towns there are usually several corner shops
and mini-markets selling food and other items. Petrol stations often have a
small shop selling food.
In the US people may drive half an hour or more to a supermarket, and
so buy food to last them a long time. Between trips, they buy food at small
grocery stores or convenience stores close to where they live. Some are a
part of big chains, some are mom-and-pop stores, run by a family, and others
sell oriental or other foreign foods. Convenience stores are more expensive
than supermarkets.
In the US many food stores are open 24 hours, every day of the week.
Others are open until at least 11 p.m. in Britain supermarkets may stay open
for 24 hours on some days, but most food shops close at 9 p.m. or earlier.
Many British people buy fruit and vegetables at a market because they
are cheaper than in the supermarket. By contrast, food sold in markets in the
US is usually more expensive. Many markets also sell clothes and household
goods.
In Britain, town centre shops are busiest at weekday lunchtimes and
on Saturdays. Most of the shops are chain stores or department stores which
sell clothes, shoes and things for the home. Prices are fixed, and most items
have a price tag attached. Many towns have a covered shopping arcade or
precinct, or an out-of-town shopping centre with branches of all the major
stores.
Americans used formerly to shop in the downtown areas of cities. In
places like New York and Philadelphia there is still plenty of choice in
downtown shopping, but elsewhere downtown shops have lost business to
shopping malls, which people go to by car. A typical mall has one or more
anchor stores, well-known stores which attract people in. The Mall of
America in Minnesota is one of the largest, with 400 stores on four levels.

77
Outlet malls have stores selling products at lower prices than in
ordinary stores. The goods may be seconds (items with a slight fault), or
have failed to sell during the previous season. In Britain outlet stores can
usually be found in out-of-town shopping villages.
Many people buy second-hand books, clothes, toys and households
goods. Most towns have at lest one second-hand shop run by a charity, to
which people give things they no longer want so that they can be sold to
raise money for the charity. Other second-hand shops sell things on behalf of
people and give them part of the sale price. People also buy and sell things
through the classified advertisements columns in newspapers.
In the US garage sales and yard sales also enable people to sell things
they no longer want. Many people make a hobby out of going to garage sales
to look for bargains. In Britain car boot sales are equally popular. Sometimes
people organize a jumble sale (Am E rummage sale) to raise money for a
school or charity.
Mail-order shopping has a long tradition in the US. In the days when
people were moving west many people lived a long way from any shops.
The solution was the Sears and Roebuck catalogue, a thick book giving
descriptions of every kind of product. People sent in their order by mail and
the goods arrived the same way. Although Sears stopped producing its
catalogue in the 1990s, mail-order shopping is still popular. People can now
also browse the products of many companies on the Internet, place an order
and pay by credit card. There are several mail-order services in Britain, and
shopping on-line, especially for books, is becoming increasingly popular.

Practice:
1. Provide suitable answers for these questions.
1. What does shopping represent for the Americans and British?
.
2. What are different opinions about shopping?
.
3. Which are the two opinions that show how the Americans want to be
treated when they shop?

4. What choices do the Americans have when going shopping?

5. Name a few shops where the British used to do shopping some time ago?

6. What other shops still exist in some villages?

7. What time do the food shops stay open in US?

78
8. What is a shopping mall?

9. What is a second hand shop? What can you buy at a second hand shop?

10. How can you buy things when you live in a far away place?

2. Do you like going shopping? Where do you prefer going shopping?


Speak about this leisure activity.

3. Write a dialogue of at least ten lines At the greengrocers.

4. Match the words and their definitions.


window shopping a shop that sells food, household
items and stays open more than other
stores
Tempt a store that is run by a family
Tedious a label showing the price of
something
make/brand well known store that attract people
on the edge store that sells products cheaper than
others
convenience store persuade or try to persuade sb. to do
sth. especially sth wrong or unwise
mom-and-pop store the activity of looking at goods
displayed in shop windows
price tag too long, slow or dull
anchor store the name or origin of manufacture of
a product
outlet mall the outside limit of an area

79
UNIT 11
INTERVIEW FOR A JOB

Read the text below.


INTERVIEW FOR A JOB
Before you start looking for a job, it is a good idea to know what you
would like to do not always easy as it sounds. If your English is good and
youd like to work in Great Britain but youre not sure what you could do,
visit the London University careers service facility, which has a very large
number of books and publications. If you pay 4 pounds you can use the
facilities for one day. If you want to go more deeply into finding a future
career, then for 45 pounds you will be given a 5-day card to use the facilities
and can have a one-hour interview with a career adviser. This person will
interview you to find out about your qualifications, experience, likes,
dislikes, your potential and aspirations, and then indicate which career path
would be most suitable for you, as well as tell you how to start looking for
work in the profession he or she indicates.
After your CV has been read and appreciated as interesting enough, the
manager responsible with human resources department is likely to invite you
to an interview. In this respect there are few things you should know.
DRESS SENSE
Unless you are going for a job that highly values your personal
creativity, you should forget your personal dress style and dress for the job

80
you want. It isnt a bad idea to go to your prospective place of work some
time before the day of your interview to see how people are dressed. To
project a professional image, it is important to try to match the best of what
you see and make sure you look clean and tidy. Most employers think that
the more people care about themselves, the more they will care about their
work.
WHAT TO CARRY
Dont go to an interview carrying a bulging briefcase, heavy overcoat
or any other unprofessional paraphernalia. If you must bring these things to
the interview, ask the secretary to keep them in her office or find another safe
place to store them for the duration of your interview. You should bring a
slim briefcase with a hair brush, some mints or breath freshners (pop one
into your mouth a few minutes before going in), a handkerchief (to wipe
your hands with if you find that youre sweating before that crucial first
handshake which should be firm, but not a real finger crusher!) and some
shoe polish and clothes brush if youve travelled a long distance. None of
these items should be seen by your interviewer, of course.
WHERE TO SIT
The most common layout for interviews is across the table the classic
negotiation style, eyeball to eyeball. When invited to take a sit, it is
advisable to turn the chair 45 degrees. This displays considerable self-
confidence because you have moved the interviewers chair. (Practice doing
it first, though, in the privacy of your own home!) Now you can turn your
trunk, head and shoulders towards the interviewer as a sign of friendliness
and interest. Whatever you do, dont sit on the edge of your chair, and dont
make yourself too comfortable by stretching and leaning back, giving the
impression that you own the chair and the office.
WHERE TO LOOK
Eye to eye contact is essential for this all-important moment. It makes
the other person feel you are self-confident and interested in the conversation
taking place. If you find it difficult to look people in the eye, practice
beforehand, or if you find yourself more than one metre away, just look at
your interviewers ear. Whatever you do, dont study the photographs on the
desk, or look at the ceiling, your fingernails or your shoes.

FACE AND HEAD


What we do with our face and head are also strong NVC (non-verbal
clues). So smile and nod your head occasionally when the interviewer is
talking to you. Lean forward a bit when listening to particularly important
information or questions, and when replying. Obviously, dont overdo it,

81
otherwise you create the impression that you only want to please. Again,
practice makes perfect.
HANDS AND LEGS
What you do with your hands and legs is particularly important if you
are interviewed across open space. Cross your legs at the foot or lower leg,
not at the knee avoid the defensive high cross. Or place one foot firmly
on the floor in front of the chair and the other foot tucked away under the
chair with only the toe of the shoe touching the floor. If you tend to fidget,
try interlacing your fingers and keeping your hands in you lap. The less
people move their hands and arms, the more powerful they appear, as they
dont have to gesticulate to communicate their message. So try to maintain
LPM low peripheral movement to help you look relaxed and self-
confident.

Practice:
1. After you have read the text attentively answer the following
questions.
1. What is the first thing you should do before start looking for a job?
2. Which is the next step after your CV has been read?
3. What clothes should you wear when going to an interview for a job?
4. What is the employers opinion regarding this aspect?
5. Which are the things you should carry at the interview?
6. Describe the position which the interviewee should adopt when invited to
sit down.
7. Where it is advisable for the interviewee to look during the interview?
8. What do you do with your face and head?
9. What do you do with your hands and legs?
10. Do you think that gesticulating is important to communicate your
message?

2. Now imagine you are interviewed for a job. Answer the following
questions, posed in this respect.
1. Tell me about your family.
2. How do you spend your holidays?
3. What are your strengths and weaknesses?
4. What decisions do you find easy/ difficult to make?
5. How do you react to stress?
6. How do you work in a team?
7. Why did you choose to study this subject?
8. What is your ideal work environment?
9. When do you work best?
10.Why did you apply for this job?

82
11.How would you approach to this job?
12.Have you got any questions for your potential interviewer?
13.What sort of salary are you expecting?
14.What could you offer your organisation?
15.How did you learn English?

3. Write your CV. Do not forget to mention facts about you education,
professional experience, other qualifications and skills, interests and also
the name and address of someone who has known you personally.

4.Choose from the list to complete the sentences: good track record,
dynamic, PC literate, good communication skills, highly motivated, good
command, good career prospects, and mother tongue.
1 You are ambitious and want to gain a promotion. You want a
job with
2. You use the language well and are good at expressing yourself
and communicating your ideas. You have
3. You are able to use a personal computer, so you
are.
4. You are enthusiastic and very interested in the job. You
are
5. You have been successful in your work up to now. You
have.
6. You have lots of energy. You are..
7. You were born and brought up in Italy. Italian is
your.
8. You speak English well. You haveof
English.

83
MORE PRACTICE

1. In no more than 150 words speak about the Big Apple.


2. Have you ever visited a city in another country? Write about it or about a
city in Romania in no more than 100 words (10 minutes). Try to include
information like: important places to visit, things connected to its history,
things connected to the people and others.
3. Speak about the Romanian people in about 100 words (10 minutes).
4. Now write about the Romanian people under the same coordinates 100
words.
5. Speak about Romanian houses.
6. Write a paragraph to describe your house or flat.

7. Now imagine you are interviewed for a job. Answer the following
questions, posed in this respect.
1. Tell me about your family.
2. How do you spend your holidays?
3. What are your strengths and weaknesses?
4. What decisions do you find easy/ difficult to make?
5. How do you react to stress?
6. How do you work in a team?
7. Why did you choose to study this subject?
8. What is your ideal work environment?

84
9. When do you work best?
10.Why did you apply for this job?
11.How would you approach to this job?
12.Have you got any questions for your potential interviewer?
13.What sort of salary are you expecting?
14.What could you offer your organisation?
15.How did you learn English?

8. Write your CV. Do not forget to mention facts about you education,
professional experience, other qualifications and skills, interests and also the
name and address of someone who has known you personally.

ENGLISH TEXTS
Why we went nuts about the iPhone

Its hard to determine the wackiest aspect of iPhone craziness leading


up to the launch of Apples eagerly (to say the least) awaited venture into the
cellphone world on June 29. was it the relentless media attention? Or was it
the lunacy of the people dying to get those phones at the earliest possible
moment? Standing outside new Yorks Fifth Avenue Apple store on launch
day, with dozens of reporters interviewing the masses who braved days of
heat and rain to snare their palm-size prize, there was a sense of being in the
middle of a Zeitgeist hurricane. When people got wind that I was in
possession of an actual iPhone, I was mobbed by rubberneckers. Since then,
Ive been suffering nightmares where I find myself gripping my iPhone for
dear life, pursued, a la Hard Days Night, by a pack of rabid fanboys.
The iPhone itself is off to a ring-a-ding start, selling an estimated
500,000 to 700,000 units the first weekend. (Apple and exclusive carrier
AT&T arent announcing figures, but the latter did say it moved more
iPhones that weekend than any previous cell phone sold in a month.) And the
reviews are uniformly positive. (My own take, after three weeks of iPhoning,
still holds: though theres still work to be done, the beautiful screen, the
clever multitouch navigation and the well-designed applications make this
gizmo a genuine breakthrough.)

85
But sales figures and reviews dont speak to the unprecedented hoopla.
What was it that made a 142-gram slab of silicon, aluminium and glass so
important to us?
In part, you can chalk it up to the iPod factor. Before 2001, Apple was
a company that made cool computers that only a small fraction of the public
cared to buy. But the next few years, 100 million customers discovered
Apples tiny music player, and bonded with it as they had with no previous
gadget. The same crowd welcomed the news that apple was going mobile.
Everyone we talk to hates their phones, Steve Jobs told me the week
before the launch. People wondered if Apple could do for cell phones what it
did for MP3 players.
When something comes along that promises to fulfill our ambitions,
we pay attention. And when that something also promises to perform its
duties with beauty and pizzazz- Apples trademarks we get a visceral buzz
thats as much artistic enthusiasm as consumerism.
In 1967, it was All You Need is Love. In 2007, its All You Need Is
AT&T Activation. Welcome to the summer of technolust.

86
U. of Europe?

The partisans of a United Europe like to hail its most famous


successes like the creation of a central bank, a single currency and a common
moarket. For some reason, though an achivement that is perhaps no less
important gets almost no attention: the common university system. Begun
eight years ago, and it is largely complete. Who knew?

Not long ago, moving students and staff between Europes largely
state-controlled universities was next to impossible; U.K. admissions
officers, for example, were baffled when confronted by Portuguese
transcripts, which graded students on a 20-point scale. And the Portuguese
were equally confused by what exactly differentiated a British first-class
degree from an upper second. National funding systems across Europe
discouraged mobility, rewarding institutions that retained students and
providing no incentives to study away from home.
Now finally much of that is changing. Degrees have become much
easier to translate, thanks to the introduction of a uniform academic
transcript the Diploma Supplement. And the length of time it takes to
complete a bachelors degree or a masters degree is also being unified. The
continents students hoping to study abroad wont be the only beneficiaries.
The better Europe gets at moving its own students and academic staff around
and the less idiosyncratic its famously eccentric schools become the
more competitive it will be on the global education market.

87
In this sense, the changes are well timed. Around the planet, more and
more students are starting to act like picky global consumers. Europe has
little choice but to make its academic menu as appealing an easy to read as
possible. To that end, 45 nations have been working since 1999 through the
so-called Bologna process to make comparing courses and transferring
students and staff easier.
Already the changes have produced a quiet revolution. A full 82
percent of European universities have ditched their old five- to six-year
undergraduate program, which tended to be expensive for both the tax-
payers and students. Teaching requirements on various subjects are also
being aligned, and 75 percent of institutions now use a common system for
bestowing and transferring academic credits.
The new European Higher Education Area (as the Bologna process is
properly known) should have fully standardized its member states by 2010,
as planned. That represents an extraordinary successs for advocates of a
unified Europe. Lesley Wilson, secretary-general of the European University
Association, says the new system should entice more students to travel
across the wider European area, producing the kind of flexible,
cosmopolitan grades whom employers are looking for and raising the overall
competitiveness of Europe and its schools.
Of course, on a continent with so many languages and cultures, the
process has been far from simple. Bologna promises to raise quality by
imposing baseline controls; for their degrees to be recongnized, universities
must meet minimum requirements on hour spent in the classroom and
coursework submitted.
But comparing university quality is notoriously difficult, particularly
across borders. Predictably, the speed and reliability of the process have
lagged: the new systems credit-accumulation and -transfer program has
even been abused in some places, according to a European University
Association study released this year. And than half of participating schools
issue a Diploma Supplement to all graduating students (theyve all supposed
to). There seems to be little chance that the renegades will be brought into
line. European officials have stressed that the Bologna process should be
voluntary.
To be fair, the system has created awkward dilemmas for many
universities, forcing them to choose between autonomy on one hand and
Bologna transparent accountability on the other. But in the end, market
forces should prevail; each institution will ultimately get to decide for itself
to what extent it wants to cooperate and therefore compete.
Unsurprisingly, universities that could benefit most from the added
legitimacy Bologna will confer mostly those in Eastern Europe and Russia
88
have been eager to adjust. Even Australia has voiced interest in aligning
with the Bologna model. But universities in Britain, which already have
sterling reputations worldwide, have felt little incentive to change. Britain
does not yet automatically give standardized transcripts to its graduates. And
this will disadvantage the students when seeking employment in mainland
Europe.
Another problem that arises is the confusion concerning the fact that in
Braitain a three-year degree is called bachelors , whereas in Scotland it
takes four years and is called masters.
Nevertheless, despite all these so-called problems, what is really important is
that the student mobility should spill over into new research and business
collaboration, making the whole European economy more dynamic and
efficient. In other words, if Bologna makes it easier for students to move
around while learning and to get better jobs after graduating abroad than
much of the continent should profit from i

Of sound mind and body

I wish I had read your articles about exercise and the brain 30 years. I
spent most of my adult years living a sedentary life and fighting overweight,
high cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure. A few years ago I changed
my lifestyle and began to jog and work out daily. The results came almost
immediately. Ever day after jogging and working out, I feel great. That is my
daily dose of virtual Prosac in action. I lost 40 pounds in a period of six
months and everything else adjusted into their proper levels with no pills and
no magic, just exercise.
(a reader from Brazil)

Your article is what Ive been waiting for a long time. Im 60 years
old and, continuing with my exercise, I have found the key to good health.
Twice a week I swim 1,500 meters in 43 minutes. Exercise is the best thing
we can do for our life, health, mind and body. For me, it has become a habit.
With all my problems, I do not think I could cope with depression: Im sure
now that exercise has been helping by controlling this problem. (a reader
from Finland)

If exercise are so beneficial to ones health, I fail to understand why


we all take it so lightly. It is better to exercise hard and stay fit rather than be
lethargic and keep falling sick. Your cover story was a real prescription to
make us lazy types exercise regularly! (a reader from India)

89
You write that no one really understands why stretching, weight
lifting, etc., have little to no effect on cognition. I find this very hard to
believe since earlier in the same article, you write that blood volume
increases with exercise, and you specify that blood volume to the brain, the
dentate gyrus, increases with exercise. Stretching and weight lifting do little
to increase heart rate or oxygen uptake so it would seem that, according to
the logic in the article overall, there should be a clear reason that these types
of exercise have little to no effect on congnition. I would be very surprised if
none of the researchers have thought of this. (a reader from Japan)

Finally, an article about the relationship between exercise and mood


my fitness buddis and I have discussed this for years. I was not an athletic
youth and began a workout regimen solely to get in shape for my 10-year
high-school reunion. Almost 20 years and scores of endorphin highs later.
Im still hooked and love the benefits of regular exercise. When my children
were young, I joined a gym for pregnant and nursing women, and discovered
the correlation between exercise and stress relief. When I went back to work
full time, I was concerned about how to squeeze in my exercise routine. I
now get at 5 a.m. each weekday and take a spin class at the YMCA. After
that kind of workout, I can face anything, including the hectic ritual of
getting the kids ready for school. Show me a medication that can do that! (a
reader from Pennsylvania, USA)

My oldest brother has been an exercise enthusiast and practitioner


since his day of high-school football, running, jogging, brisk-walking and
lifting weights for more than 50 years. About two years ago he was
diagnosed with a particularly brain disease. He is now in an Alzheimers care
unit, unable to recognize family, friends or even to speak effectively. My
conclusions? Exercise is good. Fitness is good. Communicating intelligently
and intelligibly is even better. Living a life of loyalty and service to ones
family, friends and others is the best. Fortunately, my brother was able to do
this, but not as long as he wanted. Exercise does have its limits. (a reader
from Texas, USA)

As a registered nurse with years of experience as a diabetes educator


and cardiac-rehabilitation specialist, I applaud your informative and timely
article on the health benefits of exercise. However your choice of cover
model is oh so unrealistic for 99,9 percent of us! Most people will react to
her Pilates-perfect abs, sculpted biceps and yogic flexibility with a mental
No way, never, not me! and stay on their couches. A far more attainable
picture of fitness would be a fiftyish, somewhat soft, curvy lady in

90
sweatpants, faded T shirt and floppy hat, walking briskly in her
neighbouhood. Might I volunteer myself? (a reader from California, USA)

Im proud to be a phisical educator. Ive spent my life attempting to


dispel the stereotypt of the dumb jock. While teaching middle-school PE
in the 70s, I observed that academic grouping and PE skills ran hand in hand.
The academic elite were always the best athletes. Your article reinforces my
observations and my passion for aerobically based PE. Its time we all start
to understand the important link between exercise and academic
performance. (a reader from Pennsylvania, USA)

DITAL BOOKS VERSUS REAL BOOKS

As an avid reader, I applaud the idea of being able to package multiple


books in Amazons small, user-friendly e-reader, the Kindle, but Im not
entirely convinced that the Kindle could take me down the rabbit hole.
However, as a highschool teacher, I think the Kindle could be the answer to a
prayer for students, parents and staff. In the vast majority of schools there is
a lack of money and storage space for adequate numbers of appropriate texts.
Everyday students struggle to carry upwards of 50 pounds of books from
home and around campus; many texts are lost, damaged or out of date.
Imagine if students had all textbooks at their fingertips and instant Internet
capability to look up references. If school texts could be downloaded onto a
Kindle, it would revolutionize the lives of millions. (a reader from New
Mexico)

I am 19 and a product of the digital age: I have gone through seven


computers, four cell phones, two digital cameras, a Walkman, a Discman and
an ipod. But I refuse to see a book digitized. Amazonns Jeff Bezos is wrong
in assuming that we fanatical readers love only the words and ideas; reading
a book is an entire process. Pointing and clicking will never hold the same
satisfaction as browsing the shelves at a library or bookstore, nor will the
Kindle be able to capture the feeling you get as the pages dwindle and you

91
dont know whether to hurry up to find out how it ends or slow down and
savor every word. (a reader from Ohio)

To create a parallel to the divine book is akin to asking people to wear


plastic attire technically improved to control temperature, change colours
and others instead of clothes. Amazons Kindle might succeed in
subsuming one consciousness as a book does, but it robs you of the feel of a
book, the smell of paper and ink, and you cannot treasure your gems on your
bookshelves. You will simply not be able to go down memory lane looking
at your beloved collection. (a reader from India)

Would I take a Kindle to the bath-tub to read? No. If I dropped it, the
spash would cost $399. Ill stick to the durable, dependable, no-battery
books. (a reader from Japan)

It has become one of the most paradoxical qustions of modern times:


are books dead on paper? Or are they simply becoming much more
accessible to the masses since they are also now in digital form? Todays
books have been the beneficiary of astounding state-of-the-art technology.
For instance, they are being read every day by millions of book lovers
around the world on the web. The future of books is absolutely rosy. They
are just going through a transition, which will benefit all the book addicts
authors and readers alike. This is a global phenomenon. So I say fear not,
bookworms: our books shall live forever. (a reader from Canada)

92
I now realise relationships need hard work

The list of actors whove made Hamlet their own reads like a whos who
of thespian greats Olivier, Gielgud, Burton, McKellen, Branaghand
more recently, David Tennant. Cracking the turbulent Dane remains the
ultimate test pulling on the hose is far easier than pulling off the role. To
this illustrious roster we can now add Jude Law. For too long branded a
movie pretty boy I have three names. Im called Hunk Jude Law or
Heartthrob Jude Law, he grumbles his recent award-winning turn as the
Prince of Denmark has proved what most of us have known for ages: that
when it comes to British actors, hes up there with the very best.
Born in Lewisham, southeast London, to teacher parents whose love
of Thomas Hardy was manifestly evident, David Jude Heyworth Law grew
up in Blackheath. Keen theatregoers, his parents would take along their son
and daughter, Natasha (now a noted illustrator), whenever possible. Judes
interest was thus sparked early. Signed up by the National Youth Theatre,
aged 12, he was soon headlining Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor
Dreamcoat.
The focus on his craft was unswerving. I was angry as a kid, he
remembers, because I knew what I wanted to do and I didnt see why I
couldnt be out doing it. School was just slowing things up. At 17, he left

93
education to work in the Granada Television soap Families. Theatre
remained his first love.
Sure enough in The Talented Mr. Ripley (1999), Minghella granted
Jude a show-stealing turn as the dazzling Riviera playboy Dickie Greenleaf
object of affection of both Gwyneth Paltrow and Matt Damon. It propelled
Law to a Bafta award, an Oscar nomination and major recognition by
Hollywood. He was soon wooing Nicole Kidman in Minghellas Civil War
epic Cold Mountain, for which he was nominated for an Academy Award
again. With films like Sam Mendes Road to Perdition and Steven
Spielbergs A.I.: Artificial Intelligence to his name, Jude was confirmed on
the A-list.
Married in 1997, Jude found himself on an accelerated path through
life. By his thirtieth birthday he had fathered three kids Rafferty, Iris and
Rudy, now 13, nine and seven to go with his stepfather role to Finley, now
19, Frosts son from her marriage to Spandau Ballet guitarist Gary Kemp.
Without question, he relishes parenthood. Being a daddy is what
counts. My daughter made me realize that if theres anything thats going to
make a man of you, its having your will broken by a little girl. But, despite
Judes proclamation that all that was missing was the white picket fence,
trouble came creeping into paradise.
Jude had bemoaned how screen storytelling was often too neat;
everything tied up in a neat bow: Life I feel isnt like that, relationship
arent like that.
If theres one thing about him, its that despite his various
indiscretions, he has never come across the proverbial love rat, rather
something of a poor unfortunate with his nearest and dearest tending to rally
round. His life woes led him into a cathartic and relentless period of work
he appeared in no less than six films in 2004, including the rather timely
love-sucks drama Closer.
Another outlet has been his charitable ventures, a response, he says, to
being a wishy-washy middle-class Londoner. He has worked with Aids
orphans in South Africa, taken part in Soccer Aid (hes a big Spurs fan) and
the Make Poverty History campaign. Closer to home, he has been the patron
of the Young Vic Theatre, helping to develop young acting talent. More
recently, Jude has been the Afghanistan, working with Unicef and WHO,
involved in a polio immunization programme. His documentary about it, The
Day after Peace, was shown at Cannes.
Workwise, Jude has a few things in the pipeline, most immediately
the action-thriller Repo Men. And as for life? I think women like bad boys.
Thats been my experience. I just think its kind of a given. You know, at a
certain age you figure out what works for you and being a good boy never
worked for me. But, eventually, you have to grow up and realize

94
relationships are hard work. Its like cultivating anything. They need
attention.

FRANCIS FOR COPPOLA RETURNS


Francis Ford Coppola was always the Norman Mailer 1 of cinema:
brilliant and grand, risky and chaotic. As a storyteller, he can make
characters and periods beautifully and he is never afraid to load his work
with his big ideas about power, violence and the family. His instinct is to
push material to the point where it becomes misshapen, which can work
spectacularly well and at other times can bloat the narrative.
Tetro tells the story of a young American, Bennie (Aiden Ehrenreich),
who works on a cruise ship. At the start of the film he gets off his boat in
Buenos Aires and heads to the apartment of his old brother, Tetro, a sulky
artist-type played by Vincent Gallo, who has been out of touch with the
family for years. Tetro is one of those refusenicks who invest their lives in
creativity and cigarettes, and the sweet-faced Bennie initially fails to ignite
the old brotherly love. He stays for a while, and forms a friendship with
Tetros Argentinean girlfriend, Miranda (Maribel Verdu), but the young one
is haunted by a promise, made years before, that Tetro would come back for
him and look after him.
1
Norman Kingsley Mailer (January 31, 1923 November 10, 2007) was an American
novelist, journalist, essayist, poet, playwright, screenwriter and film director.

95
It turns out that the boys are obsessed with their father, Carlo
Tetrochini, a famous conductor played with routine campness by Klaus
Maria Brandauer. The father is celebrated to the cost of the sons, it is felt,
and Tetro has been writing a play about him in secret, using the kind of code
that would make the enigma code look something written in plain English on
a T-shirt. Young Bennie works it out, though, with the use of a mirror, and is
soon cramping his older brothers creative style, forcing him to meet head-on
the troubles of their past.
Coppola has form, of course, when it comes to the old Cain and Abel
problem. The brothers in The Godfather were no slouches when it came to
pursuing the full operatics of sibling rivalry; Rumblefish (1983), too. Who
can forget the Motorcycle Boy played by Mickey Rourke, in the days when
he still had a face, and Matt Dillon as his young brother Rusty James? Its
true the Rumbefish id the closest of Coppolas films to this one, not only
showing two brothers struggling to cope with a dominant father but
presenting the story as a kind of homage to classic film. Tetro, like that
earlier film, has a beautiful, monochrome look, and the pictures are
composed and shot with a sometimes breathtaking fitness of visual style.
There are moments when you realise that Coppola has Fellini very
much on his mind. But most of the time, as the plot turns out of joint, you
realise he is fixated on the circus-like emotional and sexual worlds of Pedro
Almodovar. It might seem a big jump from La Dolce Vita to All About My
Mother but there is a shared vision there, of lusty decadence and latent
tragedy in European-accented places, and Coppola is smitten with it. As it
goes on, Tetro becomes more and more camp, more carnivalesque, more
circus-like indeed, moving towards its finale less like a B-movie, which it is
at its best, and more like a masterpiece of Grand Guignol.
Coppola, in fairness, has always been interested in getting movie
history into his movies. He has always been interested in steering them
towards recognition of their own confected-ness. Think of his 1982 film One
From the Heart, which made the fake-ness of the set very apparent, and
which idled, as Tetro does, with the notion that strong emotion can survive
the directors attempt to show you the wires that suspend disbelief. That
would be fine, but the Almodovar strain becomes too much here when the
brothers get mixed up with troupe who are mounting an all-female Faust,
which Bennie commandeers to perform his brothers secret play, now
completed by himself. A famous critic turns up, hilariously named Alone,
and she is played by none other than Carmen Maura, one of the actresses
closely associated with our friend Almodovar.
For all its mysteries of plot and influence, Tetro is compelling to
watch. The story becomes pretentious, but the visuals never do, despite
risking everything, and you will find images here more original than
anything on film this year. I love Coppolas fierce artistry and his pursuit of

96
beauty. Even when you feel the scene is getting it wrong about human
nature, it is always getting it right about aesthetic nature, finding revelatory
and always fresh ways of looking at things.
Since early in his career, Coppola has shown a magical ability to find
great actors with memorable faces. Once upon a time he found Al Pacino and
Tom Cruise, and in Tetro he finds the young Aiden Ehrenreich, who has a
natural, likeable way with the camera and the making of stardom. Vincent
Gallos prowling style is always a bit self-advertisingly menacing for me, but
he succeeds in lifting the part of Tetro into the arena of proper pain. When
the film threatens, as it often does, to lose control of itself, there are always
Gallos mocking eyes to keep things keen. The brothers actually move
towards something I wouldnt call it understanding but its powerful
nonetheless. Francis Ford Coppola is now 71, and hes a one-off, a hit-and-
miss guy like the best of them, but someone who can never forget the magic
of cinema and the hunt for authority.
(Andrew OHagan, Evening Standard, Friday 25 June 2010,
standard.co.uk)

BIBLIOGRAPHY

1. Peter Viney & Karen Viney: Handshake, A Course in


Communication, Students Book, Oxford University Press,
Oxford, 1996
2. Peter Viney & Karen Viney: Handshake, A Course in
Communication, WorkBook, Oxford University Press, Oxford,
1996
3. Leon Levichi, Andrei Banta, Adrian Nicolescu: Dicionar
Englez-Romn, Editura Univers Enciclopedic, Bucureti, 2004
4. Georgiana Gleanu Frnoag, Ecaterina Comiel: Gramatica
limbii Engleze, Editura Omega Press, Editura Lucman,
Bucureti,1996
5. Ioana Maria Turai: Gramatica Limbii Engleze, Editua Corint,
Bucureti, 2005
6. Speak Up Magazine, Supplement to n 11/ 128 November 1995
7. Newsweek Magazine, June 18, 2007
8. Newsweek Magazine, July 23, 200 Newsweek Magazine,
August 20, 20Newsweek Magazine, January 21, 2008

97
9. *** Oxford Guide to British and American Culture, Oxford
University Press, 1999
10.NatWest Sense London, U.K., cover story I now realise
relationships need hard work, pp 24 27
11.Andrew OHagan, Evening Standard, Friday 25 June 2010,
standard.co.uk

98

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